Complete Bibliography

2. Wendt, G.L. and C.E. Irion, Experimental attempts to decompose tungsten at high temperatures. Science, 1922. 55(1425): p. 422-423.

3. The Reported Conversion of Hydrogen into Helium. Nature (London), 1926. 118(2971): p. 526-527.

The current (September) issue of the Berichte of the German Chemical Society contains a paper by Profs. F. Paneth and K. Peters on "The Transformation of Hydrogen into Helium," in which they describe in outline how they have succeeded in detecting the presence of a very minute amounts of helium, of the order of one hundred millionth of a cubic centimeter, derived from hydrogen which had been absorbed by finely divided palladium at ordinary temperature.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=24

5. Paneth, F. and K. Peters, On the transmutation of hydrogen to helium. Naturwiss., 1926. 43: p. 956 (in German).

This is a copy/reprinting of the authors' paper in Ber. 59 (1926) 2039. The authors explain in 1927 that the journal asked for permission to print the paper. It contains exactly the same material as the original.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=4

1. Fundamental Idea of the Research

The theoretical possibility of converting hydrogen into helium is always being referred to within the context of modern conceptions of Prout's hypothesis, in astrophysical calculations of the life of fixed stars and in radioactive considerations as to the origin of Hessian radiation. So far, however, there have been no successful attempts to bring about this transformation of elements, despite experiments with a wide variety of electrical discharges and the introduction of large amounts of energy.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=4

A few months ago, K. Peters and I published an account of experiments we had made in an attempt to transmute hydrogen into helium (Ber. D. Deutschen. Chem. Ges., 59, 2039: 1926). A more or less detailed account of this publication appeared in the columns of Nature (Vol. 118, p. 526. 1926), and perhaps I may be permitted to refer to a more recent publication on the same topic by K. Peters, P. G�nther, and myself (Ber. D. Deutschen Chem. Ges., 60, 808; 1927). In this communication, as a result of further experiments, we feel that we are in a position to give an explanation of the occurrence of the observed very small quantities of helium in our experiments, without having recourse to the assumption of a synthesis of helium.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=26

In German. Submitted February 1927 or about six months after the earlier paper, this retracts the earlier claim. They report that they have now found a hitherto unsuspected source of helium contamination.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=28

10. Krause, W. and L. Kahlenberg, On Palladium-Hydrogen. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1935. 68: p. 449.

11. Oppenheimer, J.R. and M. Phillips, Note on the Transmutation Function for Deuterons. Phys. Rev., 1935. 48: p. 500.

12. Smith, D.P. and G.J. Derge, The Occlusion and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Metals. A. Metallographic Study of Palladium-Hydrogen. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1935. LXVI: p. 253.

13. Farkas, A., On the electrolytic separation of the hydrogen isotopes on a palladium cathode. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1937. 33: p. 552.

14. Gillespie, L.J. and W.R. Downs, The Palladium-Deuterium Equilibrium. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937. 61: p. 2494.

15. Lacher, J.R., A Theoretical Formula for the Solubility of Hydrogen in Palladium. Royal Society of London Proceedings A, 1937. 161: p. 525.

16. Moore, G.A. and D.P. Smith, The Occlusion and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Metals. A. Metallographic Study of Nickel-Hydrogen. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1937. LXXI: p. 545.

17. Moore, A., The Comportment of Palladium-Hydrogen System Toward Alternating Electric Current. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1939. LXXV: p. 237.

18. Smith, D.P. and C.S. Barret, Note on the Arrangement of Phases in Pd-H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940. 62: p. 2565.

19. Armbraster, M., The Solubility of Hydrogen at Low Pressure in Iron, Nickel and Certain Steels at 400 to 600�. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943. 65(6): p. 1043-1054.

20. Hanson, A.O. and J.L. McKibben, A Neutron Detector Having Uniform Sensitivity from 10 Kev to 3 MeV. Phys. Rev., 1947. 72(8): p. 673.

21. Norberg, R.E., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Hydrogen Absorbed into Palladium Wire. Phys. Rev., 1952. 86: p. 745.

22. Norberg, R.E., Nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen absorbed into palladium wires. Phys. Rev., 1952. 86(5): p. 745.

23. Joncich, M.J. and N. Hackerman, The Reaction of Hydrogen and Oxygen on Submerged Platinum Electrode Catalysts. I. Effect of Stirring, Temperarture and Electric Polarization. J. Phys. Chem., 1953. 57: p. 674.

24. Arnold, W.R., et al., Cross Sections for the Reactions D-T, D-He ,T-He, He-He below 120 kev. Phys. Rev., 1954. 93: p. 483.

25. Hoare, J.P. and S. Schuldiner, Mechanisms of hydrogen producing reactions on palladium. III. Hydrogen overvoltage on the polarization and diffusion sides of a cathode-diagram. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1956. 103(4): p. 237.

26. Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. III. The Thermodynamic Study of Pd2H Between 15 and 303Ã… K. Evidence for the Tetragonal PdH4 Structure in Palladium Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3627.

27. Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. I. The Thermodynamic Properties of Pd2H Between 273 and 345 K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3619.

28. Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. III. The Thermodynamic Study of Pd2H Between 15 and 303 K. Evidence for the Tetragonal PdH4 Structure in Palladium Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3627.

29. Worsham, J.E., M.K. Wilkinson, and C.G. Shull, Neutron-Diffraction Observations on the Palladium-hydrogen and Palladium-deuterium systems. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1957. 3: p. 303.

30. Castellan, G.W., J.P. Hoare, and S. Schuldiner, Electrochemical behavior of the palladium-hydrogen system.(II). Thermodynamic considerations. J. Chem. Phys., 1958. 28: p. 20.

31. Hoare, J.P., S. Schuldiner, and G.W. Castellan, Electrochemical behavior of the palladium-hydrogen system(III). Gas-charged palladium alloys. J. Chem. Phys., 1958. 28: p. 22.

32. Schuldiner, S., G.W. Castellan, and J.P. Hoare, Electrochemical Behavior of the Palladium-Hydrogen System. I. Potential-Determining Mechanisms. J. Chem. Phys., 1958. 28: p. 16.

33. Sherfey, J.M. and A. Brenne, Electrochemical Calorimetry. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1958. 105(11): p. 665.

34. Carson, A.W., T.B. Flanagan, and F.A. Lewis, Electrode Potentials and Compound Formation in the Palladium-Platinum-Hydrogen System. Nature (London), 1959. 183: p. 39.

35. Flanagan, T.B. and F.A. Lewis, Hydrogen Absorption by Palladium in Aqueous Solution. Faraday Soc. Trans., 1959. 55: p. 1401.

36. Flanagan, T.B. and F.A. Lewis, Electrode Potentials of the Palladium + Hydrogen System. Faraday Soc., 1959. 55: p. 1409.

37. Goon, E.J., The Non-Stoichiometry of Lathanum Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959. 63: p. 2018.

38. Carson, A.W., T.B. Flanagan, and F.A. Lewis, Proton Transfer Between Pd/H and Pd/Pt/H Electrodes. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1960. 56: p. 1324.

39. Carson, A.W., T.B. Flanagan, and F.A. Lewis, Absorption of Hydrogen by Palladium/Platinum Alloys. Faraday Soc., 1960. 56: p. 363.

40. Lewis, F.A., The Hydrides of Palladium and Palladium Alloys. Pt. Met. Rev., 1960. 4-5: p. 132.

41. Marion, J.B., et al., A Versatile, High Efficiency 4 pi Neutron Detector. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1960. 8: p. 297.

42. van de Vate, J.F., O. Reifenschweiler, and G. van de Ligt, Onderzoekingen Naar De Temperatuurvastheid Van Fijnverdeelde Metaal-Tritium-Systemen In Vacuum. 1960, Philips Corporation.

This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:

http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:34d2c20b-6847-4f3d-af49-71211557d4ea/tn2014-00264.pdf

The paper is in Dutch. It includes a Summary in English:

The temperature stability of finely dispersed metaltritium systems in vacuum was investigated. The tritium content of the metals was measured by a new method based on the radio-activity of the tritium. Ways were found to prepare metal-tritium systems, sufficiently temperature-stable for technical applications. In addition, the experiments were found to be of interest in checking various classical and modern theories on the formation of hydrides.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/vandeVateJonderzoeki.pdf

This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:

http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:e06e3502-3173-4795-9f16-b9e79f106107/tn2014-00266.pdf

By "Bremsstrahlung" is meant the continuous quantum radiation arising when electrons undergo braking in the fields of atomic nuclei. Discovered by Rontgen as long ago as 1895, this type of radiation occurs when the beta-electrons from a disintegrating beta-emitter are braked in the surrounding matter, being termed "external bremsstrahlung" in this case. But in such isotopes the beta-electron is also accompanied by a type of radiation that is independent of the surrounding matter. This type is called "internal bremsstrahlung", because it is generated by the electron inside the radioactive atom, during the decay process. It was first demonstrated by Aston 1) in the "twenties" when, in the course of gamma-ray measurements on RaE, he detected a soft, inhomogeneous form of gamma-radiation.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/vandeVateJtheinterna.pdf

45. Flanagan, T.B., Absorption of Deuterium by Palladium. J. Phys. Chem., 1961. 65: p. 280.

46. Hurlbert, R.C. and J.O. Konecny, Diffusion of hydrogen through palladium. J. Chem. Phys., 1961. 34: p. 655.

47. Kalff, P.J., O. Reifenschweiler, and G. van de Ligt, Enkele Experimenten Aan Metaal-Zuurstof-Tritiumsystemen. 1961, Philips Corporation.

This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:

http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:9ce8ae9a-8ff7-4c94-9e6b-e67841c4e9ab/tn2014-00267.pdf

This paper is in Dutch. It includes a Summary in English:

The investigations by van de Vate, Reifenschweiler and van de Ligt into the temperature-resistant properties of finely dispersed metal-tritium systems have been supplemented by experiments on titanium-oxygen-tritium systems, mainly intended for the purposes of orientation. In these experiments both the tritium and the oxygen pressure were varied and the influence of these variations on the composition of the temperature-resistant residue was ascertained. A further experiment was carried out with neodynium powder.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KalffPJenkeleexpe.pdf

49. Maeland, A.J. and T.R.P. Gibb, X-Ray Diffraction Observations of The Pd-H system Through the Critical Region. J. Phys. Chem., 1961. 65: p. 1270.

50. Wickenden, D.K. and O. Reifenschweiler, Some Investigations into the Bremsstrahlung of Tritium. 1961, Philips Corporation.

This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:

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The internal and external bremsstrahlung of tritium have been investigated by a new method, using titanium-tritium films. A great discrepancy was found between the experimental results and the theory. The experimental values of the ratio I-EBS were between four and thirty times lower than the ratio I-IBS predicted by theory. This discrepancy may be due either to the generation of characteristic x-radiation in the experimental arrangement used or to the fact that the theory is not applicable to tritium on account of its extremely low atomic number and beta-ray energy. The wide scatter in the experimental results may likewise be due to the generation of characteristic x-radiation.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WickendenDsomeinvest.pdf

52. Barton, J.C., F.A. Lewis, and I. Woodward, Hysteresis of the Relationships Between Electrical Resistance and Hydrogen Content of Palladium. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963. 59: p. 1201.

53. Bigeleisen, J. and E.C. Kerr, Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Dilute Solutions of HT in e-H₂ and DT in e-D₂ from the Triple Points to the Critical Temperatures of the Solutions. J. Chem. Phys., 1963. 39: p. 763.

54. Boniszewski, T. and G.C. Smith, The influence of hydrogen on the plastic deformation ductility, and fracture of nickel in tension. Acta Metall., 1963. 11: p. 165.

55. Manuel, A.J. and J.M.P. St Quinton, The magnetic susceptibility of palladium and palladium-rhodium alloys from 1.85 to 293Ã…K. Proc. Royal Soc London, A, 1963. 273: p. 412.

56. Manuel, A.J. and J.M.P. St Quinton, The magnetic susceptibility of palladium and palladium-rhodium alloys from 1.85 to 293K. Proc. Royal Soc London, A, 1963. 273: p. 412.

57. Sof'ina, V.V., Activation of Hydrogen Adsorption by Palladium. Pribory i Teckh. Eksp., 1963(4): p. 174.

58. Tsuchida, T., Role of hydrogen atoms in palladium. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1963. 18: p. 1016.

59. Von Buttlar, H., W. Vielstich, and H. Barth, Deuterium und tritumtrennfaktoren bei der elektrolytischen wasserstoffabscheidung. Berichte Bunsengesellschaft, 1963. 67: p. 650.

60. Green, J.A.S. and F.A. Lewis, Overvoltage Component at Palladized Cathodes of Palladium and Palladium Alloys Prior to and During Bubble Evolution. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1964. 60: p. 2234.

61. Izuyama, T., Anomalous susceptibility due to paramagnetic impurities. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1964. 133: p. 851.

62. Seitchie, J.A., A.C. Gossard, and V.J. Accarino, Knight shifts and susceptibilities of transition metals: Palladium. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1964. 136: p. 1119.

63. Shackelford, J.F., CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook Diffusion of metals into metalsShackelford, J.F. 1964.

64. Barton, J.C., J.A.S. Green, and F.A. Lewis, Changes of Electrode Potential and Electrical Resistance as a Function of the Hydrogen Content of some Pd+Ni and Pd+Rh alloys. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1965.

65. Bihl, V., O. Reifenschweiler, and G. van de Ligt, Experimente Zur Darstellung Von Temperaturfesten Metall-Tritium Systemen. 1965, Philips Corporation.

This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:

http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:7d20843d-41d4-424b-a52a-a5f312168d94/tn2014-00268.pdf

The paper is in German. It includes a Summary in English:

The following experiments deal with the preparation of titanium-tritium and zirkonium-tritium systems, which are stable against heating. It could be shown that such systems suitable as priming agent in gas discharge tubes can be prepared by heating the fine dispersed metals in a tritium atmosphere.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BihlVexperiment.pdf

67. Fowler, W.A., et al., The synthesis and destruction of elements in peculiar stars of types A and B. Astrophys. J., 1965. 142(2): p. 423-450.

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The phenomena that take place when some b.c.c, metals are cathodically charged with hydrogen are being studied by x-ray diffraction, and some preliminary results and a plausible explanation have been reported (i). Briefly, the lattice parmeter calculated from Bragg peaks obtained from diffraction by metal near the surface of the sheet opposite the charging surface increases at a rate that is extremely low in view of the known diffusivity of hydrogen in the metal. In addition, different Bragg reflections lead to different values of lattice parameters and to different time dependencies; also, grain rotation occurs. The suggested mechanism for these phenomena involves large amounts of plastic deformation caused by stress generation caused by hydrogen concentration gradients. We report here an additional phenomenon that occurs in thin metal films sputtered upon a much thicker metal substrata when the latter is cathodically charged with hydrogen. A provisional explanation is offered.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Armacanquithedecreas.pdf

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Electrolytic charging of hydrogen in to one side of polycrystalline b.c.c. Ti-30Mo plates (where the composition is given in approximate weight per cent) is found to generate dislocations at which the hydrogen atoms are trapped during their diffusion across the metal thickness. The defect generation is a result of stresses arising from the hydrogen concentration gradient at the entry surface. The generation of dislocations occurs on initiating the charging and persists thereafter with emission of dislocations towards the far side of the plate. As a consequence, slip lines and subgrains are formed at the entry and far sides. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Armacanquiplasticdef.pdf

Hydrogen charging of Ti-3OMo plates (where the composition is in approximate weight per cent) sputtered with thin films of iron, tantalum or titanium results in an increase or decrease in the film lattice parameter, depending on the circumstances. Films thinner than 200 nm show continuous decreases in lattice parameter during charging, whereas relatively thick films show positive changes in the lattice parameter. The decrease in the lattice parameter of the film metal is a consequence of fine-scale plastic deformation caused by the hydrogen charging. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Armacanquilatticeexp.pdf

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297. Bishop, J.E. and K. Wells, Taming H-Bombs? : Utah Scientists Claim Breakthrough in Quest for Fusion Energy, in The Wall Street Journal. 1989: NYEditor.

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319. Cage, K., Memorandum: Cold Fusion Applications. 1989, U.S. Department of Commerce, Patent and Trademark office: Washington, DC.

Although the media attention relating to cold fusion has dimishecl, we are Just now beginning to see a large number of applications relating to this subjects Although we are attempting to identify an of these applications in the pre-examination screening process, there is a possibility that a few applications may slip through without being identified. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CageKmemorandum.pdf

321. Capek, V. and J. Czech, Tunnelling efficiency and the problem of cold fusion. Phys., 1989. B39: p. 793.

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337. Cranberg, L., Cold fusion doubts and controls" (title given by section editor). Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 515.

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340. CSST, Hearing before the Committee on Science, Space and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives. 1989: Washington, DC.

U.S. House of Representatives, Hearing before the Committee on Science, Space and Technology on cold fusion, April 1989.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CSSThearingbef.pdf

342. Dagani, R., Nuclear Fusion: Utah Findings Raise Hopes, Doubts, in Chem. Eng. News. 1989. p. 4.

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344. Dasannacharya, B.A. and K.R. Rao, Remarks on Cold Fusion, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. C 2.

345. Davidson, K., Cold Fusion Not Dead Yet, in San Francisco Examiner. 1989.

346. Davis, L., Cold fusion: a learning curve? Aust. Phys., 1989. 26: p. 219.

347. Davydov, A.S., Possible interpretation of cold nuclear fusion (Letter to the Editor). Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), 1989. 34: p. 1295 (in Russian).

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350. De Ninno, A., et al., Emission of neutrons as a consequence of titanium-deuterium interaction. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 101: p. 841.

351. Deakin, M.R., et al., Search for cold fusion using x-ray detection. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1989. 40(5): p. R1851.

352. Delley, B., Effect of electronic screening on cold-nuclear-fusion rates. Europhys. Lett., 1989. 10: p. 347.

353. Demanins, F., et al., Search for the neutron production in niobium deuteride. Solid State Commun., 1989. 71: p. 559.

354. Derjaguin, B.V., et al., Titanium fracture yields neutrons? Nature (London), 1989. 341: p. 492.

355. Divisek, J., L. Fuerst, and J. Balej, Energy balance of D2O electrolysis with a palladium cathode. Part II. Experimental results. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 278: p. 99.

356. Dudu, D., et al., Nuclear effects in the electrolysis of heavy water. Rev. Roum. Phys., 1989. 34: p. 229.

357. Durocher, J.J.G., et al., A search for evidence of cold fusion in the direct implantation of palladium and indium with deuterium. Can. J. Phys., 1989. 67: p. 624.

358. Eberhard, V., et al., Neutron limits from gas-loaded titanium-deuterium systems. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl., 1989. 334: p. 357.

359. Editorial, Cold Confusion, and Cold Results from Utah. Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 361, 364.

360. Ehrlich, A.C., et al., A search for neutrons in single-phase palladium-deuterium Kold fusion? Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 529.

361. EPRI. NSF/EPRI Workshop on Anomalous Effects in Deuterated Metals. 1989. Washington, D.C.: Electric Power Research Institute.

Attempts to confirm Fleischmann and Pons�s observations of cold fusion phenomena have met with inconsistent results. This second workshop on this topic brought together skeptics and advocates to facilitate communication, to examine closely the experimental results, and to identify research issues.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/EPRInsfepriwor.pdf

A copy of the ERAB report has been prepared by the National Capital Area Skeptics (NCAS) organization (www.ncas.org). It is available here: http://www.ncas.org/erab/ This library contains a brief introduction to the report and a copy of the NCAS version of the ERAB report.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ERABreportofth.pdf

364. Faller, S.H., R.W. Holloway, and S.C. Lee, Investigation of cold fusion in heavy water. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1989. 137(1): p. 9.

365. Fang, P.H., An Investigation of Interactions Between Deuterium and Palladium Related Crystalline and Amorphous Alloys. 1989.

366. Fehn, T. and C.A. Schiller, Cold nuclear fusion and electrochemical measuring techniques. Chem.-Tech. (Heidelberg), 1989. 18: p. 72, 75, 77 (German).

367. Feng, S., Enhancement of cold fusion rate by electron polarization in palladium deuterium solid. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72: p. 205.

368. Fishman, R.S. and G.D. Mahan, Binding of charged particles in lattice defects. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40(17): p. 11493.

369. Fleischmann, M., S. Pons, and M. Hawkins, Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 261: p. 301 and errata in Vol. 263.

The strange behaviour of electrogenerated hydrogen dissolved in palladium has been studied for well over 100 years, and latterly these studies have been extended to deuterium and tritium [1]. For discharge of deuterium from alkaline solutions of heavy water we have to consider the reaction steps

The strange behaviour of electrogenerated hydrogen dissolved in palladium has been studied for well over 100 years, and latterly these studies have been extended to deuterium and tritium. For discharge of deuterium from alkaline solutions of heavy water we have to consider the reaction steps

D₂O + e^- → D_ads + OD (i)
D_ads + D₂O + e^- → D₂ + OD � (ii)
D_ads → D_lattice ���������������������������������������������������������������������������(iii)
D_ads + D_ads → D₂ ���������������������������������������������(iv)

It is known that at potentials negative to + 50 mV on the reversible hydrogen scale, the lattice is in the β-phase, hydrogen is in the form of protons (as shown by the migration in an electric field) and is highly mobile (D� = 10^-7 cm² s^-1 for the α-phase at 300 K).

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmanelectroche.pdf

371. Fowler, W.A., Cold fusion results still unexplained. Nature (London), 1989. 339(6223): p. 345.

372. Fralick, G.C., A.J. Decker, and J.W. Blue, Results Of An Attempt To Measure Increased Rates Of The Reaction 2D + 2D --> 3He + n In A Nonelectrochemical Cold Fusion Experiment. 1989, NASA: Cleveland, OH.

An experiment was performed at the Lewis Research Center to look for evidence of deuterium fusion in palladium. The experiment, which involved introducing deuterium into the palladium filter of a hydrogen purifier, was designed to detect neutrons produced in the reaction

2D + 2D → 3He + n

as well as heat production. The neutron counts for deuterium did not differ significantly from background or from the counts for a hydrogen control. Heat production was detected when deuterium, but not hydrogen, was pumped from the purifier.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/FralickGCresultsofa.pdf

374. Gai, M., et al., Upper limits on neutron and gamma-ray emission from cold fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 340: p. 29.

375. Gajewski, R., Investigation of some aspects of cold fusion. 1989.

376. Ganz, J. and J. Newman, Cold Fusion : Will It Be Harnessed?, in High Technology Careers Magazine. 1989. p. 60.

377. Garwin, R.L., Consensus on Cold Fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 616.

378. Gerstein, S.S., The Critical Test Experiments in Cold Fusion. 1989.

379. Ghosh, S.K., H.K. Sadhukhan, and A.K. Dhara, A theory of cold nuclear fusion in deuterium-loaded palladium. Pramana, 1989. 33: p. L339.

380. Ghosh, S.K., H.K. Saidhukhan, and A.K. Dhara, A Theory of Cold Nuclear Fusion in Deuterium Loaded Palladium, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. C 4.

381. Gillespie, D.J., et al., A search for anomalies in the palladium-deuterium system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 526.

382. Gittus, J. and J. Bockris, Explanations of cold fusion (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 105 (Scientific Correspondence).

383. Goedkoop, J.A., Koude kernfusie in de vaste stof?" (Cold nuclear fusion in solids?). Energiespektrum, 1989. 13: p. 156 (in Dutch).

384. Gold, T., New ideas in science. J. Sci. Expl., 1989. 3(2): p. 103.

385. Goldanskii, V.I. and F.I. Dalidchik, Mechanism of solid-state fusion (Title given by Letters editor). Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 231.

386. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., A possible mechanism for cold nuclear fusion. J. Kratk. Soobshch. Fiz., 1989(6): p. 56 (In Russian).

387. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Possible mechanism of cold nuclear fusion. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 307: p. 99 (in Russian).

388. Goodwin, I., Fusion in a Flask: Expert DOE Panel Throws Cold Water on Utah Discovery. Physics Today, 1989. December: p. 43.

389. Gottesfeld, S., et al. Experiments and Nuclear Measurements in Search of Cold Fusion Proceses. in Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989. Santa Fe, NM.

390. Gozzi, D., et al., Neutron and Tritium Evidences in the Electrolytic Reduction of Deuterium on Pd Electrodes. 1989.

391. Greber, T., et al. Cold Fusion Experiments in Fribourg. in Understanding Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989.

392. Greenland, T., Numbers off an envelope. Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 16.

393. Gryzinski, M., Low-temperature fusion of light nuclei in the Fleischmann-Pons reaction. Inz. Aparat. Chem., 1989. 28(5): p. 3 (in Polish).

394. Gryzinski, M., Cold fusion: what's going on? Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 712.

395. Gu, A.G., et al., Preliminary experimental study on cold fusion using deuterium gas and deuterium plasma in the presence of palladium. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 248.

396. Guggeler, H.W., et al., Cold Fusion Reactions with 48Ca. Nucl. Phys. A, 1989. 502: p. 561c.

397. Guinan, M.W., G.F. Chaplin, and R.W. Moir, Catalysis of Deuterium Fusion in Metal Hydrides by Cosmic Ray Muons. 1989: Los Alamos.

398. Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent Fusion Theory. in Winter Annual Meeting of Am. Soc. Mechan. Eng. 1989. San Francisco, CA.

399. Hagelstein, P.L., Phonon Interactions in Coherent Fusion. 1989.

400. Hagelstein, P.L., Rates for Neutron and Tritium Production in Coherent D-D Fusion. 1989.

401. Hagelstein, P.L., A Simple Model for Coherent D-D Fusion in the Presence of a Lattice. 1989.

402. Hajdas, W., et al., Search for cold fusion events. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72: p. 309.

403. Hargitai, C., Considerations on cold nuclear fusion in palladium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1989. 137(1): p. 17.

404. Hassam, A.B. and A.N. Dharamsi, Deuterium molecule in the presence of electronic charge concentrations: implications for cold fusion. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1989. 40(11): p. 6689.

405. Henis, Z., S. Eliezer, and A. Zigler, Cold nuclear fusion rates in condensed matter: a phenomenological analysis. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 1989. 15: p. L219.

406. Hietschold, M., Electric field control for cold nuclear fusion? - a suggestion. Wiss. Z. TU Karl-Marx-Stadt, 1989. 31: p. 635.

407. Hoffmann, B., H. Baumann, and F. Rauch, Hydrogen Uptake by Palladium-Implanted Titanium Studied by NRA and RBS. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 1989. 15: p. 361.

408. Horanyi, G., Some doubts about the occurrence of electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34: p. 889.

409. Horanyi, G., Open questions concerning the Fleischmann-Pons experiment. Magy. Kem. Fol, 1989. 95: p. 140 (in Hungarian).

410. Horanyi, G., Some basic electrochemistry and the cold nuclear fusion of deuterium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1989. 137(1): p. 23.

411. Horowitz, C.J., Cold nuclear fusion in metallic hydrogen and normal metals. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1989. 40: p. R1555.

412. Huang, N., et al. A Flow Calorimeter Used in Duplication of 'Cold Fusion'. in Special Session Cold Fusion, Electrochemical Society. 1989. Hollywood, Fl: Electrochemical Society.

413. Huggins, R.A., Statement before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technolgy. 1989.

414. Ikeya, M. and H. Miyamaru, Chemical heat production of palladium electrode electrolytically charged with deuterium and hydrogen. Chem. Express, 1989. 4: p. 563.

415. Irvine, J.M. and S. Riley, Cold fusion doubts and controls. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 515 (15-Jun).

416. Iyengar, P.K. Cold Fusion Results in BARC Experiments. in Fifth International Conf. on Emerging Nucl. Energy Ststems. 1989. Karlsruhe, Germany.

Experiments were initiated at Trombay during the first week of April 1989 to verify the widely reported claims of the occurrence of cold fusion. A large burst of ≈ 2 � 10^7 neutrons was first detected on April 21st with a Pd-Ni electrolytic cell. The neutron counting rate, averaged over a 5 minute interval, was a couple of orders of magnitude larger than that of background count rates. In this experiment the tritium level in the D2O electrolyte jumped from the initial stock solution value of 2.6 Bq/ml to a 5.6 � 10^4 Bq/ml, an increase by over four orders of magnitude. The total quantity of tritium generated corresponds to ≈ 10^16 atoms suggesting a neutron to tritium channel branching ratio of less than 10^-8 in cold fusion. Significant quantities of neutrons and tritium were also observed to be produced in gas loaded Ti and Pd samples. Autoradiography of D2 loaded Ti disc targets have shown a number of hot spots indicating uneven distribution of tritium production in the near-surface region. On the whole the Trombay experiments have unequivocally confirmed the occurrence of cold fusion reactions both in Pd and Ti metallic lattices loaded with deuterium.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IyengarPKcoldfusion.pdf

The Preface and Summary of the book BARC Studies in Cold Fusion.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IyengarPKprefaceand.pdf

419. Jackson, J.C., Cold fusion results still unexplained. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 345 (1-Jun).

420. Johnson, K.H. and D.P. Clougherty, Hydrogen-hydrogen/deuterium-deuterium bonding in palladium and the superconducting/electrochemical properties of PdHx/PdDx. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3: p. 795.

421. Jones, S., Bibliography. 1989.

422. Jones, S.E. Anomalous Neutron Emission in Metal- Deuterium Systems. in Riken Conference on Muon-Catalyzed and Cold Fusion. 1989. Tokyo, Japan.

423. Jones, S.E., et al., Observation of cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 737.

424. Jorgensen, C.K. Chemistry of Unsaturated Quarks. in Molecular Structures and Energetics. 1989. VCH Publishers, NY.

425. Jorgensen, C.K., Scenarios for nuclear fusion in palladium-deuterium alloys at ambient temperatures. Chimia, 1989. 43: p. 142.

426. Joyce, C., Unlucky Break for the Friends of Cold Fusion. New Scientist, 1989: p. 34.

427. Kainthla, R.C., et al., Eight chemical explanations of the Fleischmann-Pons effect. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1989. 14(11): p. 771.

428. Kainthla, R.C., et al., Sporadic observation of the Fleischmann-Pons heat effect. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34: p. 1315.

An examination has been made of the heat production at ten palladium electrodes, each prepared in a different way. Seven of these produced heat during D2 evolution in a D2 -O2 electrolysis cell (no recombination attempted) which coincided precisely with the prediction of classical electrochemical theory, and thus eliminated the suspicion of heat through unintended D2 -O2 recombination. Three electrodes clearly produced an excess heat of ~2-5 watts-cm^-3. The heat was observed for periods of 10-33 hrs. In one electrode the excess heat production "shut off" (after 33 hrs) with no apparent cause: it did not return in five days of further electrolysis.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KainthlaRCsporadicob.pdf

430. Karasevskii, A.I., D.V. Matyushov, and A. Gorodyskii, Possibility of the nuclear reaction between deuterium nuclei in electron shells of metal ions. Ukr. Khim. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), 1989. 55: p. 1036 (In Russian).

431. Kashy, E., et al., Search for neutron emission from deuterium-loaded palladium. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1989. 40(1): p. R1.

432. Kaushik, T.C., M. Srinivasan, and A. Shyam, Fracture Phenomena in Crystalline Solids: A Brief Review in the Context of Cold Fusion, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. C 5.

433. Keddam, M., Some comments on the calorimetric aspects of the electrochemical 'cold fusion' by M. Fleischmann and S. Pons. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34(7): p. 995.

434. Kenny, J.P. and R. Schultz, "Hyper-gentle" (HGF) fusion at a few ev. 1989.

435. Kim, Y.E., Comment on "Cluster-Impact Fusion". 1989.

436. Kim, Y.E., Fission-Induced Inertial Confinement Hot Fusion and Cold Fusion with Electrolysis. 1989.

437. Kim, Y.E., Neutron-Induced Photonuclear Chain-Reaction Process in Pd Deuteride. 1989.

438. Kim, Y.E., Nuclear Theory Hypotheses for Cold Fusion. 1989.

439. Kim, Y.E., R.A. Rice, and G.S. Chulick, The Electron Screening Effect on Fusion Cross-sections and Rates in Physical Processes. 1989.

440. Klepacki, D.J., Y.E. Kim, and R.A. Brandenburg, Two-Body Photodisintegration of 3-Helium and 3-Helium Near the Giant Resonance I. Plane-Wave Approximation. 1989.

441. Kondo, J., Cold fusion in metals. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1989. 58(6): p. 1869.

442. Koonin, S.E. and M. Nauenberg, Calculated fusion rates in isotopic hydrogen molecules. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 690.

443. Kosyakhkov, A.A., et al., Detection helium-3 and tritium formed during ion-plasma saturation of titanium with deuterium. Pis`ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 1989. 49: p. 648 (In Russian).

444. Koval'chuk, E.P., et al., Electrochemically stimulated radiation by metals. Fiz.-Khim. Mekh. Mater., 1989. 25: p. 119 (In Russian).

445. Kreysa, G., G. Marx, and W. Plieth, A critical analysis of electrochemical nuclear fusion experiments. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 266: p. 437.

446. Krishnan, M.S., et al., Evidence for Production of Tritium via Cold Fusion Reactions in Deuterium Gas Loaded Palladium, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. B 4.

After the first announcement reporting the observation of cold fusion further evidence supporting the same has appeared in scientific literature although many other groups have failed to obtain positive results. Palladium and titanium loaded electrolytically and titanium loaded directly with deuterium gas have been reported to emit neutrons. Interestingly gas loading experiments involving Pd-D have not been reported so far. Such experiments were therefore conducted recently in our group. Tritium measurements in gas loaded Pd-D targets have been carried out. The present paper summarises the results obtained so far to ascertain whether cold fusion reactions occur in gas loaded Pd targets also.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KrishnanMSevidencefo.pdf

Since the two communications reporting the occurrence of cold fusion, experiments had been initiated in a number of laboratories to study the electrolysis of D2O with palladium (Pd) as cathode. In a few cases titanium (Ti) has also been used as cathode. Ti is a material of interest as it can form deuteride up to the composition of TiD2 (against 0.6 in case of Pd). Further Ti is more easily available and cheaper in our country. Three groups have reported the use of Ti as the cathode material in their electrolytic experiments. Meanwhile in an interesting paper use of Ti in deuterium gas loading experiments has been reported wherein occurrence of neutron bursts under non-equilibrium conditions was observed.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KrishnanMSobservatio.pdf

The first reports of observation of 'Cold Fusion' during the electrolysis of heavy water using Pd cathodes, resulted in frantic attempts in several laboratories of the world to duplicate these experiments and if possible improve upon them. Electrolytic cold fusion investigations were initiated at Trombay in the first week of April '89 as a collaborative effort between the Heavy Water and Neutron Physics Divisions of BARC. A commercial (Milton Roy) diffusion type Pd-Ag cathode/ Ni anode hydrogen generator which was readily available was employed for this purpose, after loading NaOD as electrolyte in place of the original NaOH. This paper gives details of the electrolyser characteristics, conditions of operation and the neutron and tritium measurements.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KrishnanMScoldfusion.pdf

450. Kumar, N., Cold fusion: is there a solid state effect? Curr. Sci., 1989. 58: p. 833.

451. Kuss, H.M., Die elektrochemische Kernfusion bleibt unbewiesen! ("Electrochemical nuclear fusion still unproven!"). Chem. Labor Betr., 1989. 40: p. 353 [in German].

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455. Langanke, K., H.J. Assenbaum, and C. Rolfs, Screening corrections in cold deuterium fusion rates. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl., 1989. 333: p. 317.

456. Langmuir, I., Pathological Science. Physics Today, 1989. October: p. 36.

457. LANL. Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989. Santa Fe, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory.

Program Committee, Agenda and Abstracts

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LANLworkshopon.pdf

459. Lee, A.R. and T.M. Kalotas, On the feasibility of cold fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 102(4): p. 1177.

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461. Leggett, A.J. and G. Baym, Can solid-state effects enhance the cold-fusion rate? Nature (London), 1989. 340: p. 45.

462. Levi, B.G., Doubts Grow as Many Attempts at Cold Fusion Fail. Physics Today, 1989. June: p. 17.

463. Lewins, J.D., The fusion trail goes cold. Nucl. Eng. (Inst. Nucl. Eng.), 1989. 30: p. 6.

464. Lewis, N.S., et al., Searches for low-temperature nuclear fusion of deuterium in palladium. Nature (London), 1989. 340(6234): p. 525.

465. Lindley, D., Does commercial pressure make for bad science? The World & I, 1989: p. 513.

466. Lindley, D., Double Blow for Cold Nuclear Fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 567.

467. Lindley, D., Cold Fusion Gathering is Incentive to Collaborate. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 325.

468. Lindley, D., Noncommittal Outcome. Nature (London), 1989. 341: p. 679.

469. Lindley, D., No Evidence for Neutrons at Yale/BYU. Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 106.

470. Lindley, D., Official Thumbs Down. Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 215.

471. Lipson, A.G., et al., Anomalous beta activity of products of mechanical working of a titanium- deuterated material. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1989. 15(10): p. 783.

472. Lipson, A.G., et al., Deuterium-deuterium fusion initiation by friction in the system titanium- deuterated polymer. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1989. 15(17): p. 26 (in Russian).

473. Lipson, A.G., et al., Neutron emission during the mechanical treatment of titanium in the presence of deuterated substances. JETP, 1989. 49(11): p. 675.

474. Liu, F., et al., Nature of short range interaction between deuterium atoms in palladium. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72: p. 891.

475. Lo, S.Y., Enhancement of nuclear fusion in a strongly coupled cold plasma. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3(16): p. 1207.

476. Lohr, L.L., Electronic structure of palladium clusters: implications for cold fusion. J. Phys. Chem., 1989. 93: p. 4697.

477. Lomovskii, O.I., A.F. Eremin, and V.V. Boldyrev, Isotope heat effect in reactions with libreration of hydrogen on palladium catalytic particles. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 309: p. 879 (In Russian).

478. Maddox, J., End of Cold Fusion in Sight. Nature (London), 1989. 340: p. 15.

479. Malhotra, S.K., M.S. Krishnan, and H.K. Sadhukhan, Material Balance of Tritium in Electrolysis of Heavy Water. 1989.

480. Mallove, E., MIT Urgent Media Advisory. 1989.

481. Marinelli, M., et al., Heat release from deuterated titanium-iron (TiFe) or lanthanum-nickel (LaNi5) on exposure to the air. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 102: p. 959.

482. Mathews, C.K., et al., On the possibility of nuclear fusion by the electrolysis of heavy water. Indian J. Technol., 1989. 27: p. 229.

483. Matsumoto, T., 'Nattoh' model for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 532.

484. Mazitov, R.K., On the detection of cold nuclear fusion. Koord. Khim., 1989. 15(9): p. 1294 (in Russian).

485. Mazitov, R.K., Possibility of nuclear transformation in chemical reactions. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 307: p. 1158 (in Russian).

486. McCevoy, A.J. and C.T.D. O'Sullivan, Cold fusion: what's going on? Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 711.

487. McDonald, K.A., Energy Department Panel Remains Unconvinced by New Claims of Room-Temperature Fusion. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1989: p. A1.

488. McKibben, J.L., Can particles having both fractional electric charge and color charge with 1/r2 force be in existence since the big bang? 1989.

489. McKibben, J.L., Evidence for three primordially created particles and can one of them catalyze cold fusion? 1989.

490. McNally, J.R., On the possibility of a nuclear mass-energy resonance in deuterium + deuterium reactions at low energy. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 237.

491. Mebrahtu, T., et al., Observations on the surface composition of palladium cathodes after D2O electrolysis in LiOD solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 267: p. 351.

492. Menlove, H.O., et al. Measurement of Neutron Emission From Cylinders Containing Titanium With Pressurized Deuterium Gas. in Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989. Santa Fe, NM.

493. Mintmire, J.W., et al., Chemical forces associated with deuterium confinement in palladium. Phys. Lett. A, 1989. 138(1,2): p. 51.

494. Miskelly, G.M., et al., Analysis of the published calorimetric evidence for electrochemical fusion of deuterium in palladium. Science, 1989. 246: p. 793.

495. Mizuno, T., T. Akimoto, and N. Sato, Neutron evolution from annealed palladium cathode in LiOD-D2O solution. Denki Kagaku, 1989. 57: p. 742.

496. Moir, R.W., Application of Muon-Catalyzed Fusion in Metal Hydrides For Isotope Production. 1989: Los Alamod.

497. Morrison, D.R.O., A view from CERN. Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 17.

498. Mueller, D. and L.R. Grisham, Nuclear reactions products that would appear if substantial cold fusion occurred. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 379.

499. Murthy, T.S., et al., Tritium Analysis of Samples Obtained from Various Electrolysis Experiments at BARC, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 9.

The report summarises the methodology and techniques adopted for the determination of tritium content in various samples obtained during the initial sets of experiments conducted at Trombay in connection with studies on the feasibility of �Cold Fusion'.

The analyses were carried out at the Isotope Division and Health Physics Division.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MurthyTStritiumana.pdf

501. Nayar, M.G., et al., Preliminary Results Of Cold Fusion Studies Using A Five Module High Current Electrolytic Cell, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 2.

Introduction In their first cold fusion paper Fleischmann et al. suggested that an electrolytic cell with large volume and surface area and high current density may cause fusion reactions resulting in the production of significant amounts of heat and nuclear particles. The experiments reported in this paper present the results of our early efforts to design and operate a high current modular Pd-Ni electrolytic cell and look for cold fusion reactions.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NayarMGpreliminar.pdf

503. Nordlander, P., et al., Multiple deuterium occupancy of vacancies in Pd and related metals. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40: p. 1990.

504. Nygren, L.A. and R.G. Leisure, Hydrogen hopping rates and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in PdHx. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 11: p. 7611.

505. Ohashi, H. and T. Morozumi, Decoding of thermal data in Fleischmann & Pons paper. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1989. 26(7): p. 729.

506. Ohms, D., D. Rahner, and K. Wiesener, Kernfusion in einer Elektrolysezelle?" ("Nuclear fusion in an electrolysis cell?"). Mitteilungsblatt - Chem. Ges. DDR, 1989. 36: p. 151 (in German).

507. Ohta, T., Is cold fusion possible? A proposal of the concept of "surfusion. Hyomen Kagaku, 1989. 10(11): p. 896 (in Japanese).

508. Oka, Y., S. Koshizuka, and S. Kondo, Electrochemically induced deuterium-tritium fusion power reactor - preliminary design of a reactor system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 260.

509. Oka, Y., S. Koshizuka, and S. Kondo, D2O-fueled fusion power reactor using electrochemically induced deuterium-deuterium D-Dn, D-Dp and deuterium-tritium reactions - preliminary design of a reactor system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 263.

510. Packham, N.J.C., et al., Production of tritium from D2O electrolysis at a palladium cathode. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 270: p. 451.

INTRODUCTION

In the present communication, we report data that may be relevant to the phenomenon of room temperature fusion. It is the contention of the authors that the alleged phenomenon is better characterized by the production of nuclear particles than by the measurement of bursts of heat. Here, we describe the observation of tritium produced in eleven D2O electrolysis cells at levels 10^2-10^5 times above that expected from the normal isotopic enrichment of electrolysis. Particular attention has been paid to possible sources of contamination.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PackhamNJCproduction.pdf

512. Park, R.L., The Cold Fusion Story Has Been an Object Lesson on Why Science Flourishes Only in the Open. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1989: p. A44.

513. Park, Y.W., et al., The observation of 2.2 MeV gamma-rays in an electrochemical cell. Sae Mulli, 1989. 29: p. 231.

514. Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, Cold fusion in metals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1989. 86: p. 8614.

515. Parmigiani, F. and P.G. Sona, Theoretical considerations on the cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 913.

516. Pauling, L., Explanations of cold fusion" (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 105.

517. Peat, F.D., Cold fusion: The making of a scientific controversy. 1989: Contempory Books.

518. Perfetti, P., et al., Neutron emission under particular nonequilibrium conditions from palladium and titanium electrolytically charged with deuterium. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 921.

519. Peroni, P., Cold fusion: what's going on? (Letters to the Editor). Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 711.

520. Petelenz, P., Hypothetical D-D bound states in solid palladium. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 1989. 75: p. 929.

521. Petit, C., Fusion Fever in Utah --State Aches With Pride, in Salt Lake City Chronicle. 1989: Salt Lake CityEditor.

522. Petrasso, R.D., et al., Problems with the gamma-ray spectrum in the Fleischmann et al experiments. Nature (London), 1989. 339(6221): p. 667.

523. Petrasso, R.D., et al., Measurement of g-Rays from Cold Fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 667.

524. Petrillo, C. and F. Sacchetti, A possible mechanism for bulk cold fusion in transition metal hydrides. Europhys. Lett., 1989. 10: p. 15.

525. Picasso, L.E., Fusione: Fredda o calda?" (Fusion; cold or hot?). Accaio Inossid., 1989. 56(2): p. 5 (in Italian).

526. Pons, S. and M. Fleischmann, Some Comments on the History of the Field. 1989.

527. Pool, R., Teller, Chu Boost Cold Fusion. Science, 1989.

528. Pool, R., Fusion Breakthrough? Science, 1989. 244: p. 1661.

529. Pool, R., Fusion Followup : Confusion Abounds. Science, 1989. 244: p. 27.

530. Pool, R., Skepticism Grows Over Cold Fusion. Science, 1989. 244: p. 285.

531. Pool, R., Brookhaven Chemists Find New Fusion Method. Science, 1989. 245: p. 1448.

532. Pool, R., Will New Evidence Support Cold Fusion ? AND Teller,Chu Boost Cold Fusion. Science, 1989. 246: p. 206, 449.

533. Pool, R. and M. Crawford, How Cold Fusion Happened- Twice ! Science, 1989. 244: p. 423.

534. Pratt, L.R. and J. Eckert, Molecular Dynamics of a Dilute Solution of Hydrogen in Palladium. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 39(18): p. 13170.

535. Prelas, M.A., Advanced energy conversion methods for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 240.

536. Premuda, F., Cold fusion: what's going on? (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 712.

537. Press, A., LANL Confirms Cold Fusion Tritium -and- Lab Hasn't Confirmed Cold Fusion, in Monitor. 1989.

538. Price, P.B., et al., Search for energetic-charged-particle emission from deuterated Ti and Pd foils. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989. 63(18): p. 1926.

539. Rabinowitz, M., A theoretical framework for cold fusion mechanisms. IEEE Power Eng. Rev., 1989(November): p. 9.

540. Radhakrishnan, T.P., et al., Search for Electrochemically Catalysed Fusion of Deuterons in Metal Lattice, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 5.

541. Radhakrishnan, T.P., et al., Tritium Generation during Electrolysis Experiment, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 6.

In continuation of the earlier R&D work carried out in connection with the investigations for electrochemically induced fusion of deuterons using palladium cathode and platinum anode, a series of experiments was carried out.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Radhakrishtritiumgen.pdf

543. Ragheb, M. and G.H. Miley, On the possibility of deuteron disintegration in electrochemically compressed deuterium ion (D+) in a palladium cathode. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 243.

544. Raj, P., et al., Search for Nuclear Fusion in Gas Phase Deuteriding of Titanium Metal, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. B 1.

The possibility of D-D nuclear fusion in some deuterium-metal systems, under ambient conditions, has aroused feverish worldwide interest. Most of the work reported, so far, concerns deuterium charging of Pd metal through electrolysis of D2O. In the Chemistry Division, we have carried out some experiments on the deuteriding behaviour of Ti metal, through gaseous route, in the absorption as well as desorption modes, with the view to look for the fusion products, neutrons in the present case. These kinds of experiments have been reported by Frascatti Group in Italy. These authors detected neutron emission lasting over a period of several hours.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RajPsearchforn.pdf

546. Rangarajan, S.K., Electrochemically induced cold fusion? A commentary. Curr. Sci., 1989. 58: p. 598.

547. Rao, K.A., Technique for Concentration of Helium in Electrolytic Gases for Cold Fusion Studies, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 11.

548. Ratkje, S.K. and B. Hafskjold, Local heat effects by electrolysis of heavy water. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 273: p. 269.

549. Rice, R.A., et al., The Effect of Velocity Distribution on Cold Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion. 1989.

550. Richards, P.M., Molecular-Dynamics Investigation of Deuterium Separation in PdD1.1. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40(11): p. 7966.

551. Richards, P.M., Molecular-dynamics investigation of deuteron separation in PdD1.1. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40: p. 7966.

552. Roessler, O.E., et al., Fermi gas like hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons experiments. Z. Naturforsch. A, 1989. 44: p. 329.

553. Roessler, O.E., et al., Fermi Gas Like Hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons Experiment. Z. Nature. A, 1989. 44: p. 329.

554. Rogers, V.C. and G.M. Sandquist, Isotopic hydrogen fusion in metals. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 254.

555. Rogers, V.C., G.M. Sandquist, and K.K. Nielson, Deuterium concentration and cold fusion rate distributions in palladium. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 523.

556. Rosen, G., Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1989. 91(7): p. 4415.

557. Ross, K. and S.M. Bennington, Solid state fusion (?). Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 15.

558. Rout, R.K., M. Srinivasan, and A. Shyam, Autoradiography of Deuterated Ti and Pd Targets for Spatially Resolved Detection of Tritium Produced by Cold Fusion, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. B 3.

Introduction For the last few months, hectic activity has been underway in various laboratories to study the Cold Fusion phenomenon. De Ninno et al. reported emission of neutrons from titanium metal loaded with deuterium gas under pressure. Similar experiments have been conducted at Trombay. We report here evidence of cold fusion in D2 gas loaded Ti and Pd targets through the use of autoradiography for spatially resolved detection of tritium. Our study employed three different techniques to observe tritium:

(i) Autoradiography using X-ray films.

(ii) Characteristic X-ray measurement of titanium, excited by the tritium β.

(iii) Liquid scintillation method for tritium β counting.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKautoradiog.pdf

560. Ruzic, D.N., K. Schatz, and P.L. Nguyen, A novel apparatus to investigate the possibility of plasma-assisted cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 251.

561. Ryan, R.R., et al., Exploration of the Possibility of Fracturing Processes of Metal Deuterides (or Tritides) as a Mechanism for Nuclear Fusion. 1989.

562. Sanchez, C., et al. Cold Fusion During Electrolysis of Heavy Water With Ti and Pt Electrodes. in Understanding Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989. Varenna.

563. Sanchez, C., et al., Nuclear products detection during electrolysis of heavy water with titanium and platinum electrodes. Solid State Commun., 1989. 71: p. 1039.

564. Santhanam, K.S.V., et al., Electrochemically initiated cold fusion of deuterium. Indian J. Technol., 1989. 27: p. 175.

565. Santhanam, K.S.V., et al., Excess enthalpy during electrolysis of D2O. Curr. Sci., 1989. 58: p. 1139.

566. Sastry, K.S.R., Fusion reaction. Science, 1989. 244: p. 904 (Letters).

567. Scalia, A., The Nuclear Fusion for the Reactions 2H (d,n) 3He, 2H (d,p) 3H, 3H (d,n) 4 He. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 101(5): p. 795.

568. Schirber, J.E., et al., Search for cold fusion in high-pressure deuterium-loaded titanium and palladium metal and deuteride. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 397.

569. Schneider, J.H., How a rectangular potential in Schroedinger's equation could explain some experimental results on cold nuclear fusion. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 377.

570. Schommers, W. and C. Politis, Cold fusion in condensed matter: is a theoretical description in terms of usual solid state physics possible? Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3(8): p. 597.

571. Schrieder, G., H. Wipf, and A. Richter, Search for cold nuclear fusion in palladium-deuterium. Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 1989. 76: p. 141.

572. Schultze, J.W., et al., Prospects and problems of electrochemically induced cold nuclear fusion. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34: p. 1289.

573. Scott, C.D., et al., A preliminary investigation of cold fusion by electrolysis of heavy water. 1989: Oak Ridge.

574. Seeliger, D., et al., Search for DD-fusion neutrons during heavy water electrolysis. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34(7): p. 991.

575. Segre, S.E., et al., A Search for Neutron Emission from Deuterated Palladium. 1989.

576. Seitz, R., Fusion in from the cold?" (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 185.

577. Service, A.W., New Tomorrow Dawns As LANL Confirms Cold Fusion, in The New Mexican. 1989: Santa FeEditor.

578. Shani, G., et al., Evidence for a background neutron enhanced fusion in deuterium absorbed palladium. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72(1): p. 53.

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580. Shaw, G.L., et al., Scenario for cold fusion by free quark catalysis. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 102: p. 1441.

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582. Shimamura, I., Intramolecular nuclear fusion in hydrogen-isotope molecules. Prog. Theor. Phys., 1989. 82: p. 304.

583. Shrikhande, V.K. and K.C. Mittal, Deuteration of Machined Titanium Targets for Cold Fusion Experiments, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. B 2.

Cold fusion experiments were initiated with solid targets made from titanium loaded with deuterium gas on receipt of reports of the successful Frascati experiments1. The absorption of deuterium by Ti is a reversible process and when titanium is heated in a deuterium atmosphere, the reaction will continue until the concentration of deuterium in the metal attains an equilibrium value. This equilibrium value depends on the specimen temperature and the pressure of the surrounding deuterium atmosphere. Any imposed temperature or pressure change causes rejection or absorption of deuterium until a new equilibrium state is achieved. If the surface of titanium is clean, the rate of absorption increases rapidly with temperature. At temperatures above 500�C, the equilibrium is achieved in a matter of a few seconds. However deuterium absorption is considerably reduced if the surface of Ti is contaminated with oxygen. Keeping in view these facts, a procedure was evolved for titanium target preparation and subsequent deuteration. The following sections describe the details of preparation of the targets, their chemical cleaning and degassing followed by deuteration process.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Shrikhandedeuteratio.pdf

585. Sinha, B., et al., Observations of neutron bursts in electrolysis of heavy water. Indian J. Technol., 1989. 27: p. 275.

586. Sioda, R.E., Heat effects during room-temperature electrolysis of deuterium oxide. Bull. Electrochem., 1989. 5(12): p. 902.

587. Slanina, Z., Towards molecular-thermodynamic aspects of postulated Pd/D low-temperature nuclear fusion: a useful example of a failure of the conventional translation partition function. Thermochim. Acta, 1989. 156: p. 285.

588. Speiser, B. and A. Rieker, Energy from electrochemically induced nuclear fusion? Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab., 1989. 37: p. 616 (in German).

589. Stacey Jr., W.M., Reactor prospects of muon-catalyzed fusion of deuterium and tritium concentrated in transition metals. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 268.

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591. Sun, Z. and D. Tomanek, Cold fusion: how close can deuterium atoms come inside palladium? Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989. 63(1): p. 59.

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593. Szalewicz, K., J.D. Morgan, and H.J. Monkhurst, Fusion rates for hydrogen isotopic molecules of relevance for 'cold fusion'. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1989. 40(5): p. 2824.

594. Szklarczyk, M., R.C. Kainthla, and J. Bockris, On the Dielectric Breakdown of Water: An Electrochemical Approach. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1989. 136: p. 2512.

The dielectric breakdown of water under static fields has been studied by i-V relation for 6 metals. The relations are quasi-linear up to a current density of a few A/cm^2. The limiting current continues for a few volts to a few hundred volts, depending on the metal. a glow develops at the electrode and becomes continuous at the end of the plateau, where the cd increases irregularly(breakdown). The breakdown potential does not depend on the field in the water. It occurs at about the same cd for most metals. When electrolytes are added, the cell potential at the breakdown is increased. Adsorbed layers and organic coatings increase the breakdown potential. Electrical energy storage in water is increased by ~10 times by coatings. The breakdown potential decreases with increase of the log of rate constant for H evolution on the various electrodes and with corresponding work function. The cell potentials for breakdown correspond to fields in the dielectric below that needed to dissociate it. The limiting current is caused by the formation of a H2-steam layer at the interface, which causes increase in the electrode potential at constant current. The H2-steam layer plasmolyzes. When the Fermi level in the cathode reaches the conduction band of water, electrons enter the water and remain stable therein. They interact nonadiabatically with water and are .the head of streamers. An analogous model holds for holes in the valence band. "Dielectric breakdown" depends on the Fermi level of the electrons in the condenser plate and the semiconductor characteristics of water. It can be eliminated by modifying the electrode surface.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Szklarczykonthediele.pdf

596. Takahashi, Y., Present status and future problems of cold nuclear fusion. Kagaku Kogaku, 1989. 53: p. 608 (In Japanese).

597. Takata, N., et al., A preliminary attempt to measure neutrons from cold fusion. Denshi Gijutsu Kenkyusho Iho, 1989. 53: p. 1438 (in Japanese).

598. Takeda, T. and T. Takizuka, Fractofusion mechanism. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1989. 58(9): p. 3073.

599. Talcott, C.L., et al. Tritium Measurements: Methods, Pitfalls, and Result. in EPRI/NSF Planning Workshop. 1989. Washington, DC.

600. Talley, T.L. Nuclear weapon Implications of "Cold" Fusion. in The 7th Biennial Nuclear Design Phys. Conf. 1989. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.

601. Talley, T.L., Importance of Tritium Experiments. 1989.

602. Taniguchi, R., T. Yamamoto, and S. Irie, Detection of charged particles emitted by electrolytically induced cold nuclear fusion. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1989. 28(11): p. L2021.

This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:

We have tried to obtain evidence for electrolytically induced cold nuclear fusion by detecting charged particles associated with the nuclear reaction. Charged particles were detected by a conventional silicon surface barrier detector attached close to the thin foil cathode which formed the bottom of an electrolysis cell. The efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio of this system are higher than those of neutron detection systems, which made it easy to determine whether the fusion occurred or not. The energy spectrum measured with the electrolysis of D2O suggested that the nuclear reaction took place in palladium cathode.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TaniguchiRdetectiono.pdf

604. Tomas, P., et al., Deuterium nuclear fusion in metals at room temperature. Fizika (Zagreb), 1989. 21: p. 209.

605. Trower, W.P., Cold Fusion As Seen With X-Ray Vision. Physics Today, 1989. July: p. 13.

606. Turner, L., Thoughts Unbottled by Cold Fusion. Phys. Today, 1989. Sept.: p. 140.

607. Vaidya, S.N. and Y.S. Mayya, The Role of Combined Electron-Deuteron Screening in D-D Fusion in Metals, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. C 3.

608. Vaidya, S.N. and Y.S. Mayya, Theory of screening-enhanced D-D fusion in metals. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Lett., Part 2, 1989. 28(12): p. 2258.

609. Vaidya, S.N. and Y.S. Mayya, The role of combined electron-deuteron screening in deuteron-deuteron fusion in metals. Pramana, 1989. 33: p. L343.

610. Vaiman, L.A., et al., Observation of reactions in cold fusion during sorption or desorption of deuterium from palladium from the gas phase. Akad. Nauk USSR, Fiz.-Mat. Nauk, 1989(6): p. 62 (in Russian).

611. Van, J., Scientists Try to Put Chill on Cold Fusion, in Chicago Tribune. 1989: ChicagoEditor.

612. Vaselli, M., et al., Screening effect of impurities in metals: a possible explanation of the process of cold nuclear fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 927.

613. Vijh, A.K. and A. Belanger, Electrocatalysis of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Metals and Silver-Palladium Alloys in Relation to Their Electronic Configuration. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1989. 11: p. 147.

614. Wada, N. and K. Nishizawa, Nuclear fusion in solid. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1989. 28(11): p. L2017.

This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:

Spontaneous neutron emissions were intermittently detected from activated palladium rods well soaked with deuterium gas in a closed glass bulb. By the stimulation of the palladium rods with a high voltage discharge between the rods, a burst of neutron flux 2 � 10^4 times larger than background was detected. Atoms or molecules of mass number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were found in the residual gas. Nuclear fusion in solid is interpreted in terms of the supersaturation of the solid solution of deuterium.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WadaNnuclearfus.pdf

616. Wang, X.W., S.G. Louie, and M.L. Cohen, Hydrogen interactions in PdHn (1 <= n <= 4). Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40(8): p. 5822.

617. Wenzl, H., Fruitless experiments to prove 'cold nuclear fusion'. Phys. Bl., 1989. 45: p. 408(In German).

618. Werle, H., et al., Trials to induce neutron emission from a titanium-deuterium system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 391.

619. Williams, D.E.G., et al., Upper bounds on 'cold fusion' in electrolytic cells. Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 375.

620. Wolf, K.L., et al. A Search for Neutrons and Gamma Rays Associated with Tritium Production in Deuterated Metals. in NSF/EPRI Workshop on Anomalous Effects in Deuterated Metals. 1989. Washington, DC.

621. Wu, C.K., et al., Experimental observation of lack of room temperature fusion between palladium and heavy water. Hua Hsueh, 1989. 47(2): p. 139 (in Chinese).

622. Yagi, M., et al., Measurement of neutron emission from a SiO2-D₂ system. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1989. 137(6): p. 421.

623. Yagi, M., et al., Measurement of neutron emission from a titanium-deuterium system. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1989. 137(6): p. 411.

624. Yan, X., et al., Room temperature deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction rate - a strong- -coupling plasma model. Chin. Phys. Lett., 1989. 6: p. 343.

625. Yanokura, M., et al., An approach to the cold fusion through hydrogen isotopes analysis by the heavy ion Rutherford scattering. Chem. Lett., 1989: p. 2197.

626. Yaroslavskii, M.A., Nuclear reactions induced by temperature changes and phase transitions in solids. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 307: p. 600 (in Russian).

627. Yaroslavskii, M.A., Possible mechanism for the initiation of nuclear reactions during temperature changes and phase transitions in condensed materials. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 308: p. 95 (in Russian).

628. Yoshihara, K., T. Sekine, and T. Braun, An attempt to detect fracto-fusion during microwave irradiation of D2O loaded silica gel. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1989. 137: p. 333.

629. Zahm, L.L., et al., Experimental Investigations of the Electrolysis of D2O Using Pd and Pt Electrodes. 1989.

630. Zak, J., Low-temperature fusion of light nuclei in the Fleischmann-Pons reaction. Inz. Aparat. Chem., 1989. 28(5): p. (in Polish).

631. Zakharova, V.P. and G.A. Kotel'nikov, To the question of cold nuclear fusion. Atom. Tekh. za Rubez., 1989. 9: p. 28 (in Russian).

632. Zelentsov, V.V., New but well forgotten [matters]. Koord. Khim., 1989. 19: p. 1296 (in Russian).

633. Zhu, S.B., J. Lee, and G.W. Robinson, Kinetic energy imbalance in inhomogeneous materials. Chem. Phys. Lett., 1989. 161: p. 249.

634. Ziegler, J.F., et al., Electrochemical Experiments in Cold Nuclear Fusion. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989. 62(25): p. 2929.

635. Zuqia, H., A possible explanation of the room temperature nuclear fusion. Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao. Ziran Kexueban, 1989. 2: p. 43.

636. Abell, G.C., et al., Helium release from aged palladium tritide. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41(2): p. 1220.

637. Aberdam, D., et al., Limits on neutron emission following deuterium absorption into palladium and titanium. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990. 65(10): p. 1196.

638. AbuTaha, A.F., Cold fusion - engineering perspectives. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 391.

639. AbuTaha, A.F., Cold fusion - the heat mechanism. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 345.

640. Adler, P.N., R.L. Schulte, and H. Margolin, Deuterium surface segregation in titanium alloys. Metal. Trans., 1990. 21A: p. 2003.

641. Adzic, R.R., et al. Tritium Measurements and Deuterium Loading in D2O Electrolysis With a Palladium Cathode. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Measurements have been performed to check on the Fleischmann-Pons (F-P) phenomena. They involved 1) measurements of tritium in the cell solution and the gas above it; and 2) determination of the D/Pd ratio by coulometry. Enhancement of tritium in the D2O solution was found in these two open glass cells, as well as in another four cells with Ni-anodes. The largest enhancement factor found was ~50. The neutron measurements were inconclusive.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/AdzicRRtritiummea.pdf

643. Agnello, M., et al. Search for Neutron Emission in Titanium-Deuterium Systems. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

644. Aiello, S., et al., Nuclear fusion experiment in palladium charged by deuterium gas. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 115.

645. Albagli, D., et al., Measurement and analysis of neutron and gamma-ray emission rates, other fusion products, and power in electrochemical cells having Pd cathodes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 133.

646. Alberg, M.A., et al., Upper limits to fusion rates of isotopic hydrogen molecules in palladium. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 41: p. 2544.

647. Aleksan, R., et al., Limits on electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium by neutron flux measurements. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 234: p. 389.

648. Alessandrello, A., et al., Search for cold fusion induced by electrolysis in palladium. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. A103: p. 1617.

649. Altaiskii, M.V., et al., Fluctuational enhancement of quantum mechanical and wave barrier penetrability and some physical consequences. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1990. 52(1): p. 78 (in Russian).

650. Amato, I., Cold Fusion Saga: Trials and Tribulations. Science News, 1990. 137(24): p. 374.

651. Amato, I., If Not Cold Fusion, Try Fracto-Fusion? Science News, 1990. 137: p. 87.

652. Amato, I., Cold Fusion:Wanted Dead And Alive, in Science News. 1990. p. 14.

653. Andermann, G. Theoretical Model for Low Temperature Nuclear Events. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

654. Andermann, G. A New Theoretical Model (Nu-Q) for Rationalizing Electrochemically Induced Nuclear Events Observed in Deuterium Loaded Pd Cathodes. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

A model is proposed based on di-neutrons. NUt to rationalize most of the high energy and some of the low energy events observed in electrochemically induced . cold fusion'. Using pressure induced electron capture (EC) by deuterons as the triggering mechanism for the creation of NUt this model calls for the absorption of Nu by deuterons. creating a highly unstable isotope Quatrium. Q*, which decays instantly to yield tri tium and neutrons. Because of electron spin considerations the dominant EC mechanism is shown to yield two kinds of Nu. namely, a low lying NUL and a less stable higher lying Nu H. Thus. the Nu-Q* mechanism is shown to yield a doublet in the gamma ray spectrum. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=314

656. Anderson, J., et al., Letters and Response about Cold Fusion at Texas A&M. Science, 1990. 249: p. 463-465.

657. Anderson, R.E., et al. Neutron Measurements in Search of Cold Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

658. Anderson, R.E. and S.E. Jones. Comments on an Experiment at Yale on Cold Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

659. Anghaie, S., P. Froelich, and H.J. Monkhurst, On fusion/fission chain reactions in the Fleischmann-Pons 'cold fusion' experiment. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 500.

660. Antonov, A.V., et al., An attempt to observe cold thermonuclear fusion during the electrolysis of heavy water. Sov. Phys. Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990(5): p. 52.

661. Appleby, A.J., et al. Anomalous Calorimetric Results During Long-Term Evolution of Deuterium on Palladium from Alkaline Deuteroxide Electrolyte. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Convincing evidence of anomalous thermal fluxes from palladium cathodes in LiOD solutions is provided. When combined with other evidence for tritium formation, these argue for the existence of solid state nuclear processes in this system. Compared with previous work, effects are only seen at a relatively low level, and they appear to decrease with decreasing electrode surface/volume ratio. They are also observed in a sealed cell with internal gas recombination, which requires no thermodynamic corrections. The effect of lithium ion is seen to be specific, and the effect seems to involve only the palladium surface layers.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ApplebyAJanomalousc.pdf

663. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, Achievement of intense 'cold' fusion reaction. Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, 1990. 66: p. 1.

664. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, Corroborating evidence for 'cold' fusion reaction. Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, 1990. 66(B): p. 110.

665. Arnikar, H.J., 'Cold fusion' - a misnomer. Indian J. Chem. Sci., 1990. 4: p. 65.

666. Attas, E.M., et al., Solar flares and 'cold fusion'. Nature (London), 1990. 344: p. 390.

667. Ault, M.R., Cold fusion: the story behind the headlines. Radiat. Prot. Manage., 1990. 8((3)): p. 49.

668. Azbel, M.Y., Possibility of cold fusion. Solid State Commun., 1990. 76(2): p. 127.

669. Babu, K.S.C., et al., On the formation of palladium deuteride and its relationship to suspected cold fusion. Adv. Hydrogen Energy, 1990. 8 Hydrogen Energy Prog. VIII, Vol. 2): p. 1051.

670. Baldo, M., R. Pucci, and P.F. Bortignon, Relaxation toward equilibrium in plasmon-enhanced fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 347.

671. Balke, B., et al., Limits on neutron emission from 'cold fusion' in metal hydrides. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. C42: p. 30.

672. Baranowski, B., et al., Search for 'cold fusion' in some Me-D systems at high pressures of gaseous deuterium. J. Less-Common Met., 1990. 158: p. 347.

673. Barker, W.A., Electrostatic voltage excitation process and apparatus. 1990: US 4,961,880.

674. Barut, A.O., Prediction of new tightly-bound states of H2+ (D2+) and 'cold fusion' experiments. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1990. 15: p. 907.

675. Barwick, S.W., et al., Search for 0.8 MeV (3)He nuclei emitted from Pd and Ti exposed to high pressure D2. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 273.

676. Bashkirov, Y.A., et al., Observation of neutron emission from electrolysis of heavy water. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(19): p. 51 (in Russian).

677. Bass, R.W. On Empirical System ID, Possible External Electromagnetic/Electronuclear Stimulation/Actuation and Automatic Feedback Control of Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

This paper reviews some basic results from modern systems theory, which may prove useful to experimenters researching the cold fusion phenomenon from the point of view of attempting to learn how to stimulate, initiate, regulate, control by command at will, and terminate excess enthalpy, rate of tritium production, neutron count, etc.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BassRWonempirica.pdf

679. Bellini, M., L. Casetti, and M. Rosa-Clot, Nuclear Fusion in Excited Hydrogen Molecules. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl., 1990. 337: p. 207.

680. Belov, A.S., V.E. Kusik, and Y.V. Ryabov, The nuclear fusion for the reactions (2)H(d,n)(3)He,(2)H(d,gamma)(4)He at low deuterons energy and 'cold' nuclear fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. A103: p. 1647.

681. Belzner, A., et al., Two fast mixed-conductor systems: deuterium and hydrogen in palladium - thermal measurements and experimental considerations. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 219.

682. Belzner, A., et al., Recent results on mixed conductors containing hydrogen or deuterium. Solid State Ionics, 1990. 40/41: p. 519.

683. Bennington, S.M., et al., In-situ measurements of deuterium uptake into a palladium electrode using time-of-flight neutron diffractometry. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 281: p. 323.

684. Bernabei, R., et al., Neutron monitoring during evolution of deuteride precipitation in Nb, Ta and Ti. Solid State Commun., 1990. 76: p. 815.

685. Berrondo, M. Computer Simulation of D Atoms in a Pd Lattice. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

686. Bertin, A., et al., First experimental results at the Gran Sasso Laboratory on cold nuclear fusion in titanium electrodes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 209.

687. Besenbacher, F., et al., Search for cold fusion in plasma-charged Pd-D and Ti-D systems. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 315.

688. Besenbacher, F., et al., Interaction of hydrogen isotopes with metals: deuterium trapped at lattice defects in palladium. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 257.

689. Beuhler, R.J., G. Friedlander, and L. Friedman, Cluster-Impact Fusion. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990. 63: p. 1292.

690. Birgul, O., et al., Electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium using surface modified palladium electrodes. J. Eng. Env. Sci., 1990. 14(3): p. 373.

691. Bishop, J.E., Cold Fusion' Chemists Reiterate Claim; Other Scientists Report Similar Results, in Wall Street Journal. 1990: New YorkEditor. p. B4.

692. Bishop, J.E., 'Cold Fusion' Gets Cold Shoulder From Many a Year After Findings, in The Wall Street Journal. 1990: NYEditor.

693. Bishop, J.E., Cold Fusion' May Keep Earth's Core Molten, in Wall Street Journal. 1990: New YorkEditor. p. B1.

694. Bishop, J.E., Future of Hot Fusion is Boiling Down to the Behavior of a Few Helium Atoms, in Wall Street Journal. 1990: New YorkEditor. p. B1.

695. Bishop, J.E., Scientist Says `Cold Fusion' Tests May Have Had Some Impure Rods, in Wall Street Journal. 1990: New YorkEditor.

696. Bishop, J.E., Cold Fusion Research Dispels Some Doubts, in The Wall Street Journal. 1990.

697. Bittner, M., et al., Method for investigation of fusion reactions in condensed matter. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 120.

698. Blencoe, J.G., et al., Tests for 'cold fusion' in the Pd-D₂ and Ti-D₂ systems at 40-380 MPa and -196-27 degC. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 149.

699. Bockris, J., About the alleged presence of tritium in some palladium electrodes and journalist Gary Taubes article in Science. 1990.

700. Bockris, J., The Answer to the Conundrum at Texas A & M: Accusations of Fraud in an Article Published by "Science. 1990.

701. Bockris, J., Addition to 'A review of the investigations of the Fleischmann-Pons phenomena'. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 523.

702. Bockris, J. and D. Hodko. Is There Evidence for Fusion Under Solid State Confinement. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

703. Bockris, J. and D. Hodko, Is there evidence for cold fusion? Chem. & Ind., 1990. 22: p. 688.

704. Bockris, J., et al. Does Tritium Form at Electrodes by Nuclear Reactions? in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

This paper reports tritium formed in LiOD D2O solutions in which Pd cathodes are used to evolve D2 . Electrolysis was carried out for up to 4� months. Excess heat has been observed from 5 electrodes out of 28, tritium in 15 out of 53 but 9 out of 13 if the electrodes are limited to 1 mm diameter. Steady state tritium concentrations were 10^4-10^7 disintegrations min^-1 ml^-1. A weak correlation may exist between heat observed and tritium produced. The rate of production of tritium was c. 10^10 atoms cm^-2 sec-1. The branching ratio of tritium to neutrons was ~ 10^8.

A theoretical dendrite enhanced fusion model is suggested. Growing gas layer breakdown occurs at sufficiently high surface potential dendrite tips and correspondingly fusion reactions occur. The model gives quantitative consistence with experiment, especially the sporadic nature and the observed branching ratio.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BockrisJdoestritiu.pdf

706. Bonazzola, G.C., et al., A large-area neutron detector based on double scattering. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1990. A299: p. 25.

707. Bosch, H.S., et al., Electrochemical cold fusion trials at IPP Garching. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 165.

708. Bowman, M.G., A Proposed Pathway for Cold Fusion Reactions. 1990: Letter.

709. Boya, L.J., Possible mechanisms for cold fusion in deuterated palladium. An. Fis., Ser. B, 1990. 86(2): p. 221.

710. Bracci, L., G. Fiorentini, and G. Mezzorani, Nuclear fusion in molecular systems. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 1990. 16: p. 83.

711. Bracci, L., G. Fiorentini, and G. Mezzorani, A Dynamical Calculation of the Electron Shielding for d-d Fusion. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 146(3): p. 128.

712. Briand, J.P. Is There Any Deuterium in Dr. Jone's Titanium Foils? in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

713. Briand, J.P., et al., Cold fusion rates in titanium foils. Phys. Lett., 1990. A145(4): p. 187.

714. Briand, J.P. and M. Froment, La fusion 'froide' dix-huit mois apres" (Cold fusion, 18 months later). Recherche, 1990. 21: p. 1282.

715. Brind, J., letter. Science News, 1990: p. 163.

716. Britz, D., Cold fusion: an historical parallel. Centaurus, 1990. 33: p. 368.

717. Broad, W.J., Cold Fusion Claimants Review Puzzling Results, in The New York Times. 1990: NYEditor. p. 8.

718. Broad, W.J., Cold Fusion Still Escapes Usual Checks of Science, in New York Times. 1990: New YorkEditor. p. B5 and B9.

719. Broad, W.J., Scientist Defends Cold Fusion Work, in The New York Times. 1990: NYEditor.

720. Brown, T., A Selective, Annotated Bibliography No. 7. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Lett., 1990. 145: p. 385-388.

721. Brudanin, V.B., et al., Does cold nuclear fusion exist? Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 146: p. 347.

722. Brudanin, V.B., et al., Once more about cold nuclear fusion. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 146: p. 351.

723. Brudanin, V.B., et al., Search for the cold fusion d(d,(4)He) in electrolysis of D2O. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 151(9): p. 543.

724. Budnikov, A.T., et al., Study of gases evolving from palladium, nickel and copper, bombarded with D+ ions, from palladium saturated with gases by heavy water electrolysis and by heating in deuterium. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1990(1): p. 81 (in Russian).

725. Bullock, J.S., G.L. Powell, and D.P. Hutchinson, Electrochemical factors in cold fusion experiments. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 275.

726. Bunch, K.J. and R.W. Grow. Electric Field Distribution of the Palladium Crystal Lattice. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Palladium has always been a metal of interest for its hydrogen absorption qualities [lJ and, more recently, for its use in cold fusion experiments [2J. An atomic model of the metallic crystal would give a better overall understanding of the palladium-hydrogen system. Unfortunately, a computer simulation of the wave mechanical properties of palladium based on solving the three-dimensional Schrodinger equation is a major undertaking [3, 4J that is probably unnecessary for calculating many useful character istics of palladium. A simpler approach, based on a Thomas-Fermi model [5J for palladium, is proposed by the authors. This semiclassical model averages the effects of all the electrons within an atom to approximate the electric field distribution everywhere. Overlapping these distr ibutions approximates the electric fields within the palladium crystal. This model predicts a crystal that is a bit too stiff, but overall it gives reasonable results; it is also simple to use. It is expected that this model will broaden the understanding of the interaction of hydrogen with palladium.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=262

728. Bush, R.T. The TRM (Transmission Resonance Model) for Cold Fusion Fits Calorimetric Data on the Pons-Fleischmann Effect and Suggests Solutions to Nuclear "Anomalies". in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

729. Bush, R.T. Isotopic Mass Shifts in Cathodically-Driven Palladium Via Neutron Transfer Suggested by the Transmission Resonance Model to Explicate Enhanced Fusion Phenomena (Hot and Cold) Within a Deuterared Metrix. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Abstract: The transmission resonance model previously presented by the author [3] to explicate cold fusion phenomena is now extended to treat the full range of enhanced fusion phenomena, from "hot" to "cold", within a deuterated matrix. Such seemingly disparate effects as low-level neutron emission, tritium production, the Pons-Fleischmann effect ( i.e. ,excess heat production in electrolytic cold fusion) [1],[2], and "cluster-impact" fusion (i.e., hot fusion within a lattice), may share a commonality as enhanced fusion phenomena resulting from the resonant transmission of de Broglie waves within a deuterated matrix . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=232

731. Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton, A Cold Fusion Model that Matches Experimental Data. 21st Century Sci. & Technol., 1990. 3(3): p. 21, 62.

732. Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton, 'Cold nuclear fusion': A hypothetical model to probe an elusive phenomenon. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 397.

733. Bushuev, V.S., et al., Some results obtained by detecting nuclear radiation during heavy-water electrolysis. Sov. Phys. Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990(5): p. 57.

734. Byung, J.H., Cold nuclear fusion. Hwahak Kwa Kongop Ui Chinbo, 1990. 30: p. 86 (in Korean).

735. Carstens, D.H.W., An Apparatus for Studies of Hydrogen Isotope Exchange over Metals Using Laser-Raman Spectroscopy. 1990: Los Alamos.

736. Case, M. and R. Boehm. Assessment of thermal energy output from electrochemical cells - a critical review. in HDT (Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.) 151 (Heat Transfer Adv. Energy Syst.). 1990.

737. Cecil, F.E., et al., Study of energetic charged particles emitted from thin deuterated palladium foils subject to high current densities. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 195.

738. Cecil, F.E., et al. Observation of Charged-Particle Bursts from Deuterium-Loaded Thin-Titanium Foils. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

739. Cedzynska, K., et al. Tritium Analysis in Palladium With an Open System Analytical Procedure. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

740. Celani, F., et al. Measurements in the Grans Sasso Laboratory: Evidence for Nuclear Effects in Electrolysis With Pd/Ti and Different Tests with Deuterium Hight-Temperature Superconductors. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

741. Celani, F., et al., Further measurements on electrolytic cold fusion with D2O and palladium at Gran Sasso Laboratory. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 718.

742. Cerofolini, G.F., N. Re, and A.F. Para. (D+D+)2e- Binuclear Atoms as Activated Precursors in Cold Fusion and Warm Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

743. Chambers, G.P., et al., Charged particle spectra of palladium thin films during low energy deuterium ion implantation. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 281.

744. Chambers, G.P., J.M. Eridon, and K.S. Grabowski, Upper limit on cold fusion in thin palladium films. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41(8): p. 5388.

745. Chambers, G.P., G.K. Hubler, and K.S. Grabowski. Search for Energetic Charged-Particle-Reaction Products During Deuterium-Charging of Metal Lattices. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

746. Chao, J., et al. Three Dimensional Computer Simulation of an Isoperibolic Calorimeter for Cold Fusion Experiments. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

The three dimensional heat conduction computer code HEATING5 was used to simulate the isoperibolic calorimeter being used for cold fusion experiments at Stanford University. The simulation results confirm the measured temperature distribution in the calorimeter. Computer analysis also demonstrates that temperature measurements for this particular calorimeter are independent of the heat source position in the calorimeter. A numerical procedure was developed to derive the transient behavior of the heat generation in the cold fusion cell from the transient temperature measurements. This procedure was exercised using a measured temperature pulse. The transient behavior of the power pulse was in the form of square-wave and its magnitude was slightly higher than the on-line calculation based on a steady-state approach.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=327

748. Chatterjee, L., Could spectator electrons legalize cold fusion? Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 683.

749. Chechin, V.A., et al. Fracto-Acceleration Model of Cold Nuclear Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

750. Cheek, G.T. and W.E. O'Grady, Measurement of hydrogen uptake by palladium using a quartz crystal microbalance. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 277: p. 341.

751. Cheek, G.T. and W.E. O'Grady. Quartz crystal microbalance study of palladium/hydrogen interations. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Thin palladium films deposited on quartz have been loaded with hydrogen (deuterium) by electrochemical reduction of 0.1 M LiOH (LiOD) in H2O (D2O). Coulometric measurements during both the hydrogen deposition and subsequent removal steps have shown that H:Pd ratios of 0.7 are reached under these conditions, in accord with accepted values for bulk samples. The frequency decrease observed at AT-cut crystals during hydrogen (deuterium) loading is larger than that expected for the mass of hydrogen deposited into the film. Considering that palladium undergoes a substantial increase in volume upon hydrogen uptake, the role of the resulting film stress in influencing the observed frequency must be addressed. It has been found that such film stresses at an AT-cut crystal produce frequency decreases and that these effects can be accounted for using techniques which are well established in the frequency control field. Measurements at BT-cut crystals, the stress/frequency response of which is opposite to that of AT-cut crystals, have confirmed that stress plays a major role in the present work and have allowed the determination of a quantitative value for this stress. Investigations of mixtures of H2O and D20 have also been carried out and shed some light on the effect of small amounts of H2O in determining the H/D content in the palladium.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=76

753. Chen, M., et al., Measurements of neutron emission induced by muons stopped in metal deuteride targets. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 155.

754. Chene, J. and A.M. Brass, Tritium production during the cathodic discharge of deuterium on palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 280: p. 199.

755. Cheng, Y.C., W.Y.P. Hwang, and S.N. Yang. Thoughts on Warm Fusion Versus Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

We propose a mechanism that may allow for understanding of the cluster-impact fusion experiment of Beuhler, Friedlander, and Friedman. When the cluster of D2O molecules collides with the metallic surface, the cluster dissociates into a collection of D and 0 atoms. In the process, a significant portion of the translational kinetic energy of the cluster is converted to thermal energy, so that the system thermalizes to become a "warm atomic plasma". The neutral D atoms in the warm atomic plasma then fuse with the D atoms in the lattice via direct scattering, without going through the doorway step of forming D2 molecules. As a rough estimate for the fusion reaction rate, the velocity distribution of the thermalized D atoms is taken to be Maxwell-Boltzmann, leading to results in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations for a cluster of about 100 - 300 molecules.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=354

757. Christensen, O.B., et al., Effective-Medium Calculations for Hydrogen in Ni, Pd, and Pt. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41.

758. Christman, D.R., Cold fusion. Chem. Eng. News, 1990: p. 78.

759. Chu, L.Y. and D.-H. Lu, The estimation of nuclear fusion rate in crystal. Commun. Theor. Phys. (China), 1990. 13: p. 33.

760. Chubb, S.R. and T.A. Chubb, Distributed bosonic states and condensed matter fusion. 1990, NRL: Washington.

This paper presents a theory of condensed matter fusion in crystals based on the periodic potential provided by an ordered lattice and the approximate Bose statistics obeyed by bosons on length scales associated with electrostatic interactions. The resulting nuclear interaction proceeds in a manner that approximately preserves either the initial periodicity of the lattice or the periodicity of a commensurate lattice. Reaction reversibility over timescales associated with electrostatic interaction results in condensed matter fusion being dominated by interactions in which both the products and reactants obey Bose-Einstein statistics. As a result tritium release and 3He+ production should not appear as primary fusion products.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRdistribute.pdf

We present a theory of solid state fusion based on the formation of a D+ bosonic Bloch condensate within a metal deuteride. The first step towards fusion is a coalescence reaction which converts a 4-fold occupation state of zero point motion size into a state of nuclear dimensions . Reaction rates for the coalescence reaction are calculated using the Fermi Golden Rule.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRnuclearfus.pdf

763. Chubb, S.R. and T.A. Chubb. Quantum Mechanics of "Cold and "Not-So-Cold" Fusion". in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Cooperative ionic fluctuations, which become energetically favorable during the overcharging of a sufficiently ordered, stoichiometric Pd-D lattice, provide a means for an entirely new form of nuclear interaction, "cold" or "solid state" fusion. As a consequence, I) nucleons separated by macroscopic distances in a classical sense may interact in a nuclear fashion quantum mechanically. and 2) nuclear fusion may occur in which unfamiliar products are released. The evolution of such an ionic nuctuation. which we have named a Bose Bloch Condensate (BBC). becomes favorable as the concentrations of D and Pd become comparable because of I arge energy costs from lattice strain at individual lattice sites that result from coulombic repulsion associated with the occupation of a site by more than one D. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=138

765. Chulick, G.S., R.A. Rice, and Y.E. Kim. The Effect of Electron Screening and Velocity Distribution on Proton-Deuterium Fusion Rates in Jupiter. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

766. Chulick, G.S., et al., Comment on "Cluster-Impact Fusion by P. M. Echenique et al. 1990.

767. Claytor, T.N., et al. Tritium and Neutron Measurements From Deuterated Pd-Si. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

768. Claytor, T.N., et al., Solid State Fusion Update. 1990.

769. Collins, G.S., et al., Electrolytic loading of hydrogen in metals studied by PAC. Hyperfine Interactions, 1990. 60: p. 663.

770. Collins, G.S., J.S. Walker, and J.W. Norbury, Deuteron tunnelling at electron-volt energies. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 409.

771. Corrigan, D.A. and E.W. Schneider, Tritium separation effects during heavy water electrolysis: implications for reported observations of cold fusion. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 281: p. 305.

772. Coupland, D.R., et al. Some Observations Related to the Presence of Hydrogen and Deuterium in Palladium. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Surface and bulk analytical work carried out on Pd rod samples returned to JM by Fleischmann and Pons indicate that a number of elements, including Pt and Li were deposited on the surface during electrolysis in D2O.

One electrolysed rod exhibited recovery of part of the wrought microstructure which would ordinarily require a temperature of > ca. 200�C, and another rod showed recrystallisation of a portion of its length and this would normally require a temperature of > ca. 300�C. These effects cannot be readily explained by known processing history and could not be reproduced by filing or sawing. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=318

774. Czirr, J.B., G.L. Jensen, and J.C. Wang. High-Efficiency Neutron and Charged-Particle Detector. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

775. D'Amato, F., et al. Search for Nuclear Phenomena by the Interaction Between Titanium and Deuterium. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Following the preliminary results obtained in the Spring of 1989 [see ref.3], a second generation of experiments aimed to the detection of nuclear particles from a titanium-deuterium system has been designed. Here very preliminary results from the new (even though not yet complete) experimental setup are presented: neutron burst emission from the system and tritium production in the samples.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=189

777. Danos, M., Coulomb-assisted cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 413.

778. Danos, M., Coulomb-assisted cold fusion in solids. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 484.

779. Davidonis, R., et al., An experimental evaluation of the probability of cold fusion. Litovskii Fiz. Sbornik, 1990. 30(6): p. 65.

780. Davies, J.D., A Direct Measurement of the Alpha-Muon Sticking Coefficient in Muon-Catalysed d-t Fusion. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 1990. 16: p. 1529.

781. Davies, J.D. and J.S. Cohen, More on the cold fusion family. Ettore Majorana Int. Sci. Ser.: Phys. Sci., 1990: p. 52.

782. Davies, J.D., et al., Search for 2.5 MeV neutrons from D2O (heavy water) electrolytic cells stimulated by high-intensity muons and pions. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. 103(1): p. 155.

783. Davydov, A.S., Possible explanation of the cold fusion experiments". Sov. Phys. Dokl., 1990. 35(9): p. 811.

784. De Ninno, A., et al. Emission of Neutron Bursts From a Titanium-Deuterium Gas Ststem in a High-Effeciency Low-Background Experimental Setup. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

785. Degwekar, S.B. and M. Srinivasan, A simple dead time method for measuring the fraction of bunched neutronic emission in cold fusion experiments. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 1990. 17: p. 583.

786. Derjaguin, B.V., et al., Excitation of nuclear reaction under mechanical effect (impact) on deuterated solids. Physica B, 1990. 167: p. 189.

787. Dickinson, J.T., et al., Fracto-emission from deuterated titanium: Supporting evidence for a fracto-fusion mechanism. J. Mater. Res., 1990. 5: p. 109.

788. Dignan, T.G., et al., A search for neutrons from fusion in a highly deuterated cooled palladium thin film. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 469.

789. Dini, D. Why "Cold" and "Warm" Fusion Reaction Plants for Producinbg Useful Energy are Very Far From Now. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

790. Donne, A.J.H. and A.A.M. Oomens, Zon op Aarde (Sun on Earth). Natuur en Technik, 1990. 58(2): p. 118 (in Dutch).

791. Droege, L.J. and T.F. Droege. A Zero Gradient Calorimeter for the Measurement of Anomalous Heat from the Electrolysis of Deuterated Metals. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

A null balance calorimeter has been designed for the measurement of anomalous heat in electrolytic cells containing deuterium and palladium. Early measurements indicate an accuracy of less than 1% of the total energy processed through the calorimeter. Anomalous heat has been observed at the 4% level for palladium cathodes, or 4w per cc. Measurements have been made of cathode material resistance change and cathode gas absorption during electrolysis. Cell voltage variations over time have been correlated with cell gas evolution. Attempts have been made to correlate radiation with cell activity.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=248

793. Dunlap, B.I., et al., Linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals - local-density-functional cluster studies of D-D interactions in titanium and palladium. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41: p. 9683.

794. Durup, J., Comment on: Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 93: p. 6120.

795. Eagleton, R.D. and R.T. Bush, Design considerations for palladium electrodes as suggested by a deuteron cluster model for cold nuclear fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 359.

796. Echenique, P.M., J.R. Manson, and R.H. Ritchie, Cluster-Impact Fusion. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990. 64(12): p. 1413.

797. Eggers, H.C. and J. Rafelski, Strangeness and Quark Gluon Plasma: Aspects of Theory and Experiment. 1990.

798. ENECO. The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc.

Proceedings of The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf

800. Ewing, R.I., et al., A sensitive multi-detector neutron counter used to monitor 'cold fusion' experiments in an underground laboratory: negative results and positive artifacts. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 1990. 37: p. 1165.

801. Fallavier, J., et al., Srearch for Nuclear Fusion in Deuterated Targets under Cluster-Beam Impact. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990. 65(5): p. 621.

802. Fayet, P., A. Kaldor, and D.M. Cox, Palladium Clusters: H2, D2, N2, CH4, CD4, C2H4, and C2H6 Reactivity and D₂ Saturation Studies. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 92: p. 254.

803. Fedorovich, G.F., Coulomb interaction in a radiation defect of a hydride crystal. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1990. 16(12): p. 911.

804. Fernandez, F., et al. Nuclear Effects in Electrolytically Deuterated Ti and Pd Electrodes. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

805. Filimonov, V.A., Mechanism of cold nuclear fusion. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(20): p. 29 (in Russian).

806. Filimonov, V.A., On the probability of cold nuclear fusion. Pis`ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1990. 16(19): p. 42 (in Russian).

807. Fisher, A., Much Ado About. MOSAIC, 1990. 21(2): p. 13.

808. Fitzpatrick, T., Cold Fusion Meet Ends Without Agreement, in Salt Lake City Tribune. 1990: Salt Lake CityEditor.

809. Fleischmann, M. An Overview of Cold Fuson Phenomena. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

The present position of research in the field of Cold Fusion has already been outlined in two papers presented at this meeting. This report will therefore emphasize the early work and general considerations which led us to investigate the possibility of inducing nuclear reactions of D+ in palladium electrodes . . . This is followed by a brief assessment of the position reached at the end of the first year of research in this field as summarized by the papers presented at this conference.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmananoverview.pdf

It is shown that accurate values of the rates of enthalpy generation in the electrolysis of light and heavy water can be obtained from measurements in simple, single compartment Dewar type calorimeter cells. This precise evaluation of the rate of enthalpy generation relies on the non-linear regression fitting of the "black-box" model of the calorimeter to an extensive set of temperature time measurements. The method of data analysis gives a systematic underestimate of the enthalpy output and, in consequence, a slightly negative excess rate of enthalpy generation for an extensive set of blank experiments using both light and heavy water. By contrast, the electrolysis of heavy water at palladium electrodes shows a positive excess rate of enthalpy generation; this rate increases markedly with current density, reaching values of approximately 100 W cm^-3 at approximately 1 A cm^-2. It is also shown that prolonged polarization of palladium cathodes in heavy water leads to bursts in the rate of enthalpy generation; the thermal output of the cells exceeds the enthalpy input (or the total energy input) to the cells by factors in excess of 40 during these bursts. The total specific energy output during the bursts as well as the total specific energy output of fully charged electrodes subjected to prolonged polarization (5-50 MJ cm^-3) is 10^2 - 10^3 times larger than the enthalpy of reaction of chemical processes.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmancalorimetr.pdf

812. Foglio, P.A., et al., Neutron monitoring and related measurements during electrolysis of heavy water with palladium and titanium cathodes: activity report. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 131.

813. Fonda, L. and G.L. Shaw. Flucturations and Nonreproducibility in Cold Fusion From Free Quark Catalysis. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

814. Fonda, L. and G.L. Shaw, Deuteron cold fusion by anti-diquark catalysis. Fizika (Zagreb), 1990. 22: p. 371.

815. Freedman, S. and D. Krakauer, Biases in cold fusion data. (Scientific correspondence). Nature (London), 1990. 343: p. 703.

816. Friedmann, H., et al., Search for 'cold fusion'. Kerntechnik, 1990. 55: p. 161.

817. Frodl, P., et al., Possible participation of lithium in Fleischmann-Pons reaction is testable. Z. Naturforsch. A, 1990. 45: p. 757.

818. Fukada, S., et al., Neutron emission from some metal deuterides. Technol. Rep. Kyushu Univ., 1990. 63(5): p. 475 (in Japanese.

819. Gai, M., et al., Upper limits on emission rates of neutrons and gamma-rays from 'cold fusion' in deuterated metals. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 217.

820. Gann, V.V. and V.I. Pokhodyashchii, Metastable bound states of deuterium in palladium and its role in cold nuclear fusion. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1990(1): p. 89 (in Russian).

821. Godshall, N.A., et al., Calorimetric and thermodynamic analysis of palladium-deuterium electrochemical cells. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 229.

822. Goldanskii, V.I. and F.I. Dalidchik, On the possibilities of 'cold enhancement' of nuclear fusion. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 234: p. 465.

823. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Verification of the accelerator model for low-temperature nuclear fusion. Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990. 9: p. 16.

824. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Detection of neutrons and tritium from solid palladium targets by electrolytic deuterium charging. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(21): p. 46 (in Russian).

825. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Correlation between nuclear, acoustic, and electromagnetic emissions during the electrolytic saturation of palladium with deuterium. Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990(8): p. 31.

826. Golubnichii, P.I., et al. Observation of Nuclear Particles and Their Correlation with Acoustic and Electromagnetic Emission from Palladium Targets Loaded by Deuterium. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

827. Golubnichii, P.I., et al. Recording of Neutron and Acoustic Emissions From Palladium Target in a Low-Background Underground Experiment. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

828. Gottesfeld, S., et al., Experiments and nuclear measurements in search of cold fusion processes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 287.

829. Gou, Q., Z. Zhu, and Q. Zhang, Possible mechanism of cold fusion and experimental research. Yuanzi Yu Fenzi Wuli Xuebao, 1990. 7: p. 1491 (in Chinese).

830. Govorov, B.V., et al., Neutron Emission from Palladium Alloys Saturated with Deuterium. Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1990. 64(2): p. 287.

831. Gozzi, D., et al., Evidences for associated heat generation and nuclear products release in palladium heavy-water electrolysis. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. 103: p. 143.

832. Gozzi, D., et al., Nuclear and thermal effects during electrolytic reduction of deuterium at palladium cathode. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 241.

833. Gozzi, D., et al. First Results from a Ten Electrolytic Cells Experiment. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

834. Graesjo, L. and M. Seo, Measurement of absorption of hydrogen and deuterium into palladium during electrolysis by a quartz crystal microbalance. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 296: p. 233.

835. Granada, J.R., et al., Neutron measurements on electrolytic cells (Pd-D2O) performed under very low background conditions. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27(4): p. 379.

836. Granada, J.R., et al. Neutron Measurements on (Pd-D2O) Electrolytic Cells Under Pulsed Current Conditions. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

837. Granada, J.R., et al., Thermal neutron measurements on electrolytic cells with deuterated palladium cathodes subjected to a pulsed current. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27(3): p. 30.

838. Greenland, T., Issues connected with cold fusion: a room temperature mechanism for the production of x-rays. J. Phys B, 1990. 23: p. 1679.

839. Greiner, W. and A. Sandulescu, New Radioactivities. Sci. Am., 1990. March: p. 58.

840. Gryzinski, M. Theory of Electron Catalyzed Fusion in Pd Lattice. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

841. Gu, A.G., et al., Experimental study on cold fusion using deuterium gas and deuterium ion beam with palladium. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 329.

842. Guilinger, T.R., et al., Investigation of Fusion Reactions in Palladium and Titanium Tritide Using Galvanostatic, Coulometric, and Hydrogen Permeation Techniques. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 299.

843. Gur, T.M., et al. Experimental Considerations in Electrochemical Isoperibolic Calorimetry. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

A novel concentric cylinder isoperibolic calorimeter was designed and fully characterized. Several different methods of introducing calibration power to the calorimeter were studied and the calibration constant was found to be independent of the method. Calibration constants could be determined with a precision to + 0.5 %. Furthermore, they were independent of the input power level up to 22 W and with a cell temperature up to 60 0C over appreciable periods of time. This new design possesses many advantages that makes it suitable for careful studies of the thermal behavior of electrochemical systems, such as the electrochemical insertion of deuterium into Pd cathodes.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=101

845. Guruswamy, S. and M.E. Wadsworth. Metallurgical Aspects in Cold Fusion Experiments. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Deuterium loading of palladium cathodes in Pons-Fleischmann type electrolytic cells has been observed to result in generation of excess heat on several occasions. Metallurgical examination of some of the electrodes showed extensive damage associated with deuterium loading. Surfaces have been found to be covered with large number of impurities. Initiation and sustaining these heat bursts, monitoring of nuclear products and materials aspects of these electrolytic cells have been the focus of our current efforts. As D/Pd loading appear to be critical, the measurement of deuterium loading using dilatometry as a function of current density, surface and heat treatment of the cathode and poisoning are currently being investigated.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/GuruswamySmetallurgi.pdf

847. Hage, H., Boundary conditions in electrochemical measurements of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in a-palladium. Materials Transactions JIM, 1990. 31(10): p. 842.

848. Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent Fusion Mechanisms. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

849. Hagelstein, P.L. Status of Coherent Fusion Theory. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Nuclear reactions which may exhibit coherent effects have been studied as a candidate explanation for cold fusion effects. An analysis of a general class of two-step coherent reactions involving charged nucleons has been performed, and very small reaction rates are found. This result is due to the small tunneling factors associated with coulomb repulsion.

We are investigating two-step coherent reactions which begin through weak interaction mediated electron capture, which in hydrogen isotopes would produce off-shell (virtual) neutrons. No coulomb repulsion occurs for virtual neutrons. Virtual neutron capture by deuterons would yield tritium, and virtual neutron capture by protons would yield deuterons; the latter process is favored by a factor of 104 in the square of the matrix element on a per nucleon basis, and corresponds to a heat-producing reaction. The nuclear reaction energy would be coupled into the electrolysis process, with the final reaction products stationary.

We have found that the weak interaction process can in principle be superradiant in the Dicke sense. If so, then considerable acceleration of this type of coherent reaction may occur.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=118

851. Hagi, H., Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in palladium films prepared by RF sputtering. Materials Transactions JIM, 1990. 31(11): p. 954.

852. Hale, G.M., R.D. Smith, and T.L. Talley, Nuclear reactions and screened-Coulomb fusion rates. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 187.

853. Halley, J.W. and J.L. Valles, Estimate of nuclear fusion rates arising from a molecular-dynamics model of palladium deuteride. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41(9): p. 6072.

854. Handel, P. Influence of Surface Tension, Nucleation Centers, and Electron Effective Mass on the Achievable Level of Electrolytic Deuterium Loading. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

855. Handel, P. Reformulation of the Cold Fusion Problem: Heterogeneous Nucleation - A Likely Cause of the Irreproducibility and Intermittency of Cold Fusion Observations. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

The Irreproducibility and intermittency of the observed cold nuclear fusion effects is linked to the known difficulties affecting the observation of homogeneous nucleation of D2 bubbles on the surface of the cathode in the electrolysis of D2O. In general some nucleation centers are present, allowing for heterogeneous nucleation of D2 bubbles at the Pd, Ti or Zr cathode, long before the chemical potential of D in the cathode reaches the levels necessary for cold fusion. By carefully eliminating the impurities and surface defects which can act as nucleation centers, one can create homogeneous nucleation conditions which correspond to higher values of the cathodic D chemical potential, provided the cathode is completely covered by the electrolyte, or extremely large currents are applied to the cell. A decrease of the surface tension due to tensioactive impurities in the electrolyte must also be avoided. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=307

857. Harb, J.N., W.G. Pitt, and H.D. Tolley, Statistical analysis of neutron burst size and rate during electrolysis of LiOD solutions. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 669.

858. Harith, M.A., et al., Theoretical and experimental studies on the cold nuclear fusion phenomena". Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 704.

859. Hawkins, N., et al. Investigations of Mechanisms and Occurrence of Meteorologically Triggered Cold Fusion at The Chinese Academy of Sciences. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

860. Hayden, M.E., et al., High precision calorimetric search for evidence of cold fusion using in situ catalytic recombination of evolved gases. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 161.

861. Henderson, R.A., et al., More searches for cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 475.

862. Herrmann, G., Five Decades Ago: From the "Transuranics" to Nuclear Fission. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1990. 29: p. 481.

863. Herzog, R.F., Fusion in a Solid: A Pump Primer, in Phys. Today. 1990. p. 120.

864. Hill, J.C., et al., Search for cold fusion using Pd-D2O cells and Ti-D mixtures. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 305.

865. Hora, H., et al., Plasma and surface tension model for explaining the surface effect of tritium generation at cold fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. 12D(3): p. 393.

866. Hora, H., et al. Surface Models for Cold Fusion and the Possibilities of Multilayered Cells for Energy Production. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

867. Howald, R.A., Calculations on the Palladium-Lithium System for Cold Fusion. CALPHAD, 1990. 14: p. 1.

868. Huang, C.Y. and M. Rabinowitz, Some New Aspects of Super-High Temperature Superconductors. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 4(9): p. 567.

869. Huang, N. Effect of Light Water Additions on Excess Heat Generation of Palladium Deuterium System. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

870. Huggins, R.A. Fundamental Considerations Relating to the Electrochemical Insertion of Hydrogen and Palladium into Mixed Conductors. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

871. Hunter, G.W., et al., A Dewar Calorimeter for Electrochemical Studies. 1990.

872. Hutchinson, D.P., et al., Initial Calorimetry Experiments in the Physics Division -ORNL. 1990: Oak Ridge, TN.

873. Ichimaru, S., et al., Statistical-mechanical theory of cold nuclear fusion in metal hydrides. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1990. 59: p. 1333.

874. Ichimaru, S., S. Ogata, and A. Nakano, Rates of nuclear fusion in metal hydrides. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1990. 59(11): p. 3904.

875. Iguchi, T., Measurement of a very small yield of neutron using a moderating-type (3)He gas counter. Ioniz. Radiat. (Tokyo), 1990. 16(3): p. 22 (in Japanese).

876. Ilic, R., et al., Investigation of the deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction in cast, annealed, and cold-rolled palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 505.

877. Ilic, R., et al., A search for neutrons, protons, tritons, (3)He ions, gamma- and x-rays from deuterium-deuterium nuclear reaction in electrochemically charged palladium. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., 1990. 17: p. 483.

878. Iyengar, P.K. and M. Srinivasan. Overview of BARC Studies in Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

A wide variety of experiments have been carried out by twelve independent teams employing both electrolytic and gas phase loading of deuterium in Pd and Ti metals to investigate the phenomenon of cold fusion first reported by Fleischmann and Pons in March 1989. The experiments were primarily devoted to the study of the emission of nuclear particles such as neutrons and tritium with a view to verify the "nuclear origin" of cold fusion. In 22 different electrolytic experiments whose cathode surface areas ranged from 0.1 to 300 cm^2, large bursts of neutrons and/or tritium were measured. Some of these gave clear evidence that these two nuclear particles were being generated simultaneously. The neutron-to-tritium yield ratios in the majority of these experiments was in the range of 10^-6 to 10^-9. The specific neutron and tritium yields expressed per cm^2 of cathode surface area also fitted into a systematic pattern. A unique feature of the BARC electrolysis results is that the first bursts of neutrons and tritium occurred (in 8 out of 11 cells) on the very first day of commencement of electrolysis, when hardly a few amp-hrs of charge had been passed.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IyengarPKoverviewof.pdf

880. Izumida, T., et al., A search for neutron emission from cold nuclear fusion in a titanium-deuterium system. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 641.

881. Jaendel, M., Cold fusion in a confining phase of quantum electrodynamics. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 493.

882. Jandel, M., Cold Fusion in a Confining Phase of Quantum Electrodynamics. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 493.

883. Jandel, M. and J. Sahrling. Pressure Enhanced Fusion Rates in Lattice Channels. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: S. E. Jones, Brigham Young Univ.

884. Jensen, L.C. and K.S. Mortensen, Beyond fusion, annihilation reactions of confined hydrogen. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 417.

885. Jiang, X.L., N. Xu, and L.J. Han. Point-Effect and Non-equilibrium Conditions in Electrolysis Experiments. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

886. Jianyu, H., et al. Experimental Study on Anomalous Neutron Production in Deuterium/Solid System. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

887. Jin, S., et al., The possibilities of cold nuclear fusion of deuterium. Chin. Phys. Lett., 1990. 7: p. 28.

888. Jones, S.E., et al. Preliminary Results from the BYU Charged-Particle Spectrometer. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

889. Jones, S.E., et al. In Quest of a Trigger Mechanism for Neutron Emissions from Deuterium/Solid Systems. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

890. Jones, S.E., D.L. Decker, and H.D. Tolley, (No title) (Scientific correspondence). Nature (London), 1990. 343: p. 703.

891. Jones, S.E., et al., Anomalous nuclear reactions in condensed matter: recent results and open questions. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 199.

892. Jorne, J. Stress-Induced Uphill Diffusion of Deuterium in Palladium. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York1.

893. Jorne, J., Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium: the existence of negatively charged deuteride ions. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 519.

894. Jorne, J., Unsteady diffusion reaction of electrochemically produced deuterium in palladium rod. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990. 137: p. 369.

895. Jow, T.R., et al., Calorimetric studies of deuterated Pd electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990. 137(8): p. 2473.

896. Karabut, A.B., Y. Kucherov, and I.B. Savvatimova. Cold Fusion Observation at Gas-Discharge Device Cathode. in Anniversary Specialist Conf. on Nucl. Power Eng. in Space. 1990. Obninsk, Russia.

897. Karabut, A.B., Y. Kucherov, and I.B. Savvatimova, Nuclear reactions at the cathode in a gas discharge. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1990. 16(6): p. 463.

898. Karpov, S.Y., et al., On the possibility of a mechanism of cold nuclear fusion. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(5): p. 91 (in Russian).

899. Kaushik, T.C., et al., Preliminary report on direct measurement of tritium in liquid nitrogen treated TiDx chips. Indian J. Technol., 1990. 28: p. 667.

900. Kawai, H., Profile of the cold nuclear fever. Kinki Daigaku Genshiryoku Kenkyusho Nenpo, 1990. 27: p. 19 (in Japanese).

901. Kay, B.D., K.R. Lykke, and R.J. Buss, Problems with the mass spectrometric determination of tritium from cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 491.

902. Kendall, D.L., The Role of Imagination in Science:Two Modern Examples. 1990, Albuquerque: Keynote speech for the Twentieth Southwestern Jounior Science and Humanities Symposium, Albuquerque, 4/2/90.

903. Kim, M.S. and M.Y. Park, Comment on room temperature nuclear fusion. Anal. Sci. & Technol., 1990. 3: p. 265 (in Korean).

904. Kim, Y.E., Nuclear Physics Interpretation of Cold Fusion and Optimal Designs for Gas/Solid-State Fusion Device. 1990.

905. Kim, Y.E. Nuclear Physics Interpretation of Cold Fusion and Optimal Designs for Gas/Solid -State Device. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

906. Kim, Y.E. Surface Reaction Mechanism and Lepton Screening for Cold Fusion with Electrolysis. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

A surface reaction mechanism and the effects of electron and muon screening are described for electrolysis fusion experiments. A general expression is given for the modified Coulomb barrier penetration factor which includes the lepton screening effect and which can be used for extrapolating the fusion cross sections to lower energies. It is shown that, when combined with the effect of velocity distribution in the context of the surface reaction mechanism, the electron screening effect may explain the claimed results of recent electrolysis fusion experiments and may also explain why it is difficult to reproduce the same result with different samples in electrolysis experiments. Experimental tests of the effects of electron and muon screening are suggested both for electrolysis experiments and for inelastic scattering experiments.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=213

908. Kim, Y.E., New cold nuclear fusion theory and experimental tests. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 423.

909. Kim, Y.E., Cross section for cold deuterium-deuterium fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 507.

910. Kim, Y.E., Neutron burst from a high-voltage discharge between palladium electrodes in D₂ gas. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 680.

911. Kim, Y.E., R.A. Rice, and G.S. Chulick, Cluster-Transport Impact Fusion. 1990.

912. Kimura, T., Quantitative evaluation of multiple production of neutrons induced by cosmic rays in materials. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27: p. 1147.

913. Kitajima, M., K. Nakamura, and M. Fujitsuka, Electrical resistivity of high pressure D2-loaded Pd and Ti at low temperatures. Solid State Commun., 1990. 75: p. 159.

914. Klein, A.C., et al. Anomalous Heat Output from Pd Cathodes Without Detectable Nuclear Products. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

915. Knapp, J.A., et al., Thin-foil electrochemical cells: high-sensitivity fusion tests and in-situ beam measurements of deuterium loading. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 371.

916. Kocsis, M., et al., Search for neutrons from cold nuclear fusion. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1990. 145(5): p. 327.

917. Kogashi, S., Present status of cold fusion research. J. Inst. Electron. Inf. Commun. Eng. (Japan), 1990. 73: p. 1311 (in Japanese).

918. Komarov, V.V., Does Cold Fusion Exist and is it Measurable? Z. Naturforsch. A, 1990. 45(2): p. 759.

919. Konishi, S. Translated Summary of the "Proc. of the Topical Meeting on Cold Fusion". in Proc. of the Topical Meeting on Cold Fusion. 1990. Japan.

920. Koonin, S.E. and M. Mukerjee, Branching ratios in low-energy deuteron-induced reactions. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 42: p. 1639.

921. Kosyakhkov, A.A., et al., Neutron yield in the deuterium ion implantation into titanium. Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 1990. 32: p. 3672 (in Russian).

922. Kosyakhkov, A.A., et al., Mass-spectrometric study of the products of nuclear reactions occurring by ion-plasma saturation of titanium with deuterium. Dokl. Akad. Nauk [Tekh. Fiz.], 1990. 312(1): p. 96 (in Russian).

923. Kulakov, A.V., E.V. Orlenko, and A.A. Rumyantsev, Problem of physical mechanism of so-called cold fusion. Power Eng. (USSR Acad. Sci), 1990. 28(1): p. 141.

924. Lautzenhiser, T. and D. Phelps, Cold Fusion: Report on a Recent Amoco Experiment. 1990, Amoco Production Company.

This report will discuss briefly some of the early calorimetric experiments on cold fusion and in more detail, a single experiment just concluded. A closed cell electrolytic experiment has been conducted using a palladium cathode and platinum anode with accurate (+/-0.001 watt) calorimetric measurements. Results indicate a positive energy output of approximately 50 Kilojoules more than was input to the experiment through electrolysis current and heater current. The heat output was observed both as short term bursts of energy and as long term sustained production. Colorimetric calibration with an internal heat source showed essentially identical data before and after the electrolysis experiment. Material balance for palladium, water and lithium showed essentially no material had been consumed during the experiment. Tritium levels measured before and after electrolysis showed a factor of 3 increase that cannot be accounted for by concentration effects.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Lautzenhiscoldfusion.pdf

926. Lewis, D. and K. Sk'ld, A phenomenological study of the Fleischmann-Pons effect. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 294: p. 275.

927. Lewis, L.N., P.G. Kosky, and N. Lewis, On the search for non-electrochemical cold fusion: production of D₂ off of high surface area Pd colloid. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1990. 145: p. 81.

928. Li, X.Z., An Introduction to Cold Fusion, in Science Daily. 1990.

Review of cold fusion, in Chinese.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiXZanintroduc.pdf

It is suggested that detecting the precursor of the "cold fusion" phenomenon in deuterium/solid systems will help solve the problem of reproducibility. The results of first step in this direction are discussed. Electromagnetic radiation and energetic charged particles have been detected. It has been shown that the surface condition has an important impact on this phenomenon.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiXZtheprecurs.pdf

An investigation of elevated-temperature excess heat production in the Ti-D and Pd-D systems is presented here. A eutectic LiCl-KCl molten salt saturated with LiD is used as the electrolyte in a Pd/Al or Ti/Al electrochemical cell. Typical operating temperatures are around 370�C, which results in faster kinetics compared to room temperature operation. If this system can be developed for utility applications, high-grade heat and high thermodynamic efficiencies can be expected. Since the electrolyte provides a very reducing environment, metal surface oxides are readily removed; thus, this unique system offers the possibility of using less expensive materials than Pd. A modified isoperibol calorimeter was built for the excess power measurements. Preliminary results show high levels of excess power output, especially in the Pd-D system, although the effect remains sporadic.

This is the Fusion Facts version of the paper, with a different title.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiawBYelevatedte.pdf

932. Lin, G.H., et al., Electrochemical fusion: a mechanism speculation. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 280: p. 207.

933. Lin, G.H., et al., On electrochemical tritium production. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1990. 15: p. 537.

934. Lin, T.L. and C.C. Liu, Cold fusion experiment at Department of Nuclear Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 487.

935. Lindley, D., The Embarrassment of Cold Fusion. Nature (London), 1990. 344: p. 375.

This paper is available from:

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v344/n6265/pdf/344375a0.pdf

A copy is also available here:

http://newenergytimes.com/v2/inthenews/1990/Nature-Embarassment.shtml

These links along with some selected quotes from the paper are included in the version here.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LindleyDtheembarra.pdf

937. Lipson, A.G., et al., Observation of neutrons from cavitation action on substances containing deuterium. Pis`ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1990. 16(9): p. 89 (in Russian).

938. Lipson, A.G., et al., Neutron generation by mechanical activation of metal surfaces. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(17): p. 54 (in Russian).

939. Liu, Z., et al., Photoemission studies of Pd/D system with high deuterium content. Chin. Phys. Lett., 1990. 7: p. 125.

940. Longhurst, G.R., T.J. Dolan, and G.L. Henriksen, An investigation of energy balances in palladium cathode electrolysis experiments. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 337.

941. Lopez, E., et al. Search for Charged-Particle d-d Fusion Products in an Encapsulated Pd Thin Film. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

942. Lorenzini, E., P. Tartarini, and M. Trentin, Cold fusion: status of the research. Tec. Ital., 1990. 55(1): p. 1 (in Italian).

943. Louis, E., et al., Calculation of hydrogen-hydrogen potential energies and fusion rates in palladium hydride (PdxH2) clusters (x=2,4). Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 42: p. 4996.

944. Maddox, J., Farewell (not fond) to cold fusion. Nature (London), 1990. 344(6265): p. 365.

This paper is available from:

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v344/n6265/pdf/344365a0.pdf

A copy is also available here:

http://newenergytimes.com/v2/inthenews/1990/Nature-Farewell.shtml

These links along with some selected quotes from the paper are included in the version here.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MaddoxJfarewellno.pdf

946. Mas, F., et al., Comment on: Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 93: p. 6118.

947. Massaron, M. and F. Lamperti, La fusione fredda (Cold fusion). Tecnol. Chim., 1990. 10(4): p. 98 (in Italian).

948. Matsuda, J.I., T. Matsumoto, and K. Nagao, An attempt to detect (3)He from the cold nuclear fusion. J. Geochem., 1990. 24: p. 379.

949. Matsumoto, O., et al. Tritium Production Rate. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

950. Matsumoto, O., et al., Detection of neutrons in electrolysis of D2SO4-D2O solution by means of fission track method. Denki Kagaku, 1990. 58: p. 147.

951. Matsumoto, O., et al., Detection of tritium in cathode materials after the electrolysis of D2SO4-D2O solution. Denki Kagaku, 1990. 58: p. 471.

952. Matsumoto, T. Progress of NATTOH Model and New Particles Emitted During Cold Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

953. Matsumoto, T., Cold fusion observed with ordinary water. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 490.

954. Matsumoto, T., Observation of new particles emitted during cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 356.

955. Matsumoto, T., Prediction of new particle emission on cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 647.

956. Matsunami, N., Solid state effects on tunnelling probability for d+d nuclear fusion at room temperature. Radiat. Effects Defects Solids, 1990. 112: p. 181.

957. Mayer, F.J., J.S. King, and J.R. Reitz, Nuclear fusion from crack-generated particle acceleration. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 269.

958. McBreen, J., Absorption of electrolytic hydrogen and deuterium by Pd: the effect of cyanide adsorption. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 287: p. 279.

959. McCracken, D.R., et al., In search of nuclear fusion in electrolytic cells and in metal/gas systems. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 121.

960. McCracken, G.M., et al., Experimental search for 'cold fusion' in the deuterium-titanium system. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 1990. 23: p. 469.

961. McDonald, K.A., Claims of Proponents of Cold Fusion Still Spark Controversy a Year Later. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1990.

962. McFee, R.W., Review of ICCF1, Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990.

963. McKee, J.S.C., et al. Neutron Emission from Low-Energy Deuteron Injection of Deuteron-Implanted Metal Foils (Pd, Ti, and In). in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

964. McKibben, J.L., Explanation of low-intensity cold fusion. 1990.

965. McKibben, J.L., Passed-Over Evidence for Fractionally-Charged Particles with Associated Color Change. 1990.

966. McKubre, M.C.H., et al. Calorimetry and Electrochemistry in the D/Pd System. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Experiments have been performed to examine the anomalous effects associated with the D/Pd system, and to discover some of the experimental variables that might be important to the effects. Experiments were concerned with calorimetry of the D/Pd system, but also monitored those experimental variables that might be important in causing the effects: the D/Pd ratio and its rate of change, interfacial phenomena such as the reduction of D2O, or reduction of contaminant species. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/McKubreMCHcalorimetr.pdf

Recent measurements of neutron emission from Ti metal in pressurized D2 gas have established the multiplicity distribution of neutron bursts emitted from the samples. A new 3He detector system with high sensitivity has been used to lower the detection limit so that small bursts emitting from 2-10 n can be distinguished from the cosmic-ray background. The frequency distribution of the neutrons indicates that the lower multiplicities occur much more frequently than the higher multiplicities as shown in Fig. 1. The improved sensitivity in our new detector system was obtained by using low radioactive background stainless-steel tubes, a small detector volume with high efficiency, and additional cosmic ray shielding. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=269

969. Menlove, H.O., et al., Measurement of neutron emission from Ti and Pd in pressurized D₂ gas and D2O electrolysis cells. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 495.

970. Menlove, H.O. and M.C. Miller, Neutron-burst detectors for cold-fusion experiments. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1990. 299: p. 10.

971. Menlove, H.O., et al. Reproducible Neutron Emission Measurements From Ti Metal in Pressurized D₂ Gas. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

During the past year, we have measured neutron emission from samples of titanium (Ti) metal and sponge in pressurized D2 gas. In January 1990, we improved our sample preparation procedure and our detector sensitivity level so that the neutron-emission measurements are now reproducible, but not yet predictable. We have measured excess neutron emission from the majority of our most recent samples using our high-sensitivity neutron detectors. The improved sensitivity in our new detector system was obtained by using low-radioactive-background stainless steel tubes, a small detector volume with high efficiency, and additional cosmic-ray shielding. Our most sensitive detector consists of two independent segments making up inner and outer rings of 3He tubes. The combined total efficiency is 44%. In addition to inner and outer ring segments, we have three separate detector systems operating in parallel control experiments to monitor environmental change. We have measured neutron bursts from a variety of samples containing Ti metal and D2 gas. The low-multiplicity bursts, emitting from 2 to 10 n, occur much more frequently than the higher multiplicity bursts. By measuring high-mass samples (300 g Ti) over several weeks, with many liquid nitrogen temperature cycles, we have detected neutron emission above the background from most of the samples with a significance level of 3 to 9 σ.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MenloveHOreproducib.pdf

973. Middleton, R., J. Klein, and D. Fink, Tritium measurements with a tandem accelerator. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 1990. 47: p. 409.

974. Miles, M. and R.E. Miles, Theoretical neutron flux levels, dose rates, and metal foil activation in electrochemical cold fusion experiments. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 295: p. 409.

975. Miles, M., K.H. Park, and D.E. Stilwell. Electrochemical Calorimetric Studies of the Cold Fusion Effect. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Several types of calorimetric cell designs were used in attempts to measure excess enthalpy during the electrolysis of LiOD/D2O using palladium cathodes. Control experiments were run by using light water in place of D2O or by using platinum cathodes in place of palladium. Initial experiments using thin palladium cathodes of an unknown purity gave no significant differences between the Pd/D2O cells and the controls. For example, the ratio of heat out to Joule heat in was 1.00 �0.04 for one study and 1.065 �0.04 for another study in LiOD/D2O compared to 1.075 �0.07 in LiOH/H2O. The use of a much thicker palladium rod (99.96%, d = 0.635 cm) from Johnson Matthey, however, resulted in calorimetric evidence for excess enthalpy in five out of six cells. The excess rate of heating averaged 0.39 W/cm^3 over a 9-day period in one experiment. The total excess enthalpy observed was 110,000 J. This excess enthalpy is difficult to explain by chemical reactions. Similar experiments conducted in H2O did not produce significant amounts of excess enthalpy. Possible experimental errors in these calorimetric studies are being investigated.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MilesMelectrochea.pdf

977. Miley, G.H., Book Review: Cold Fusion,The Making of a Scientific Controversy by F. D. Peat. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 730.

978. Miley, G.H., O. Barnouin, and B. Temple. Detection of Reaction Products Induced in Plasma Focus Electrodes. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

979. Miley, G.H., M. Ragheb, and H. Hora. On Aspects of Nuclear Products. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Reaction product measurements are not yet conclusive and often appear contradictory. Still the measurement of tritium in several different laboratories appears most convincing. However, there is growing evidence that the tritium production rate can only account for a few percent of the heating rate while the neutron rate is only 10^-5 to 10^-8 times the tritium rate.

Various mechanisms proposed to explain these observations are reviewed. . . .

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=221

981. Mills, R.L. and J.J. Farrell, A New Atomic Theory. 1990.

982. Montgomery, J.R., et al. Correlated Nuclear and Thermal Measurements in D/Pd and H/Pd Systems. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

983. Morgan, J.D., Comment on: Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 93: p. 6115.

984. Morgan, J.D. and H.J. Monkhurst, Simple model for accurate calculation of Coulomb-barrier penetration factors in molecular fusion rates. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1990. 42(9): p. 5175.

985. Morrey, J.R., et al., Measurements of helium in electrolyzed palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 659.

986. Morrison, D.R.O., The Rise And Decline of Cold Fusion. Physics World, 1990: p. 35.

987. Morrison, D.R.O. Review of Cold Fusion. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

Experimental results on Cold Fusion are reviewed. Most experiments find no effect and the upper limits are appreciably lower than the positive effects claimed in some experiments. It is concluded that (a) there is no excess heat production, (b) the balance of evidence is strongly against fusion products. A curious Regionalisation of Results is observed where only negative results are found in some parts of the world and only positive results in other pans. Further the ratio of positive to negative results varies with time. Previous studies of Palladium indicate that fusion should not occur inside the metal. Cold Fusion is best explained as an example of Pathological Science.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MorrisonDRreviewofco.pdf

989. Mukhopadhyay, R., et al., Real time deuterium loading investigation in palladium using neutron diffraction. Solid State Commun., 1990. 75: p. 359.

990. Murr, L.E., Palladium metallurgy and cold fusion: some remarks. Scr. Metallurg. Mater., 1990. 24: p. 783.

991. Myers, S.M., et al., Search for Cold Fusion in Superstoichiometric Palladium Deuteride Using Ion Implantation. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 263.

992. Nager, U., et al., High Precision Calorimetric Apparatus for Studying Electrolysis Reactions. Rev. Sci. Instr., 1990. 61(5): p. 1504.

993. Nakazawa, M., Urtra low-level neutron counting. Hoshasen, 1990. 16(3): p. 8 (in Japanese).

994. Nakazawa, M., et al., Cold fusion and low level neutron measurements. Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkaishi, 1990. 32: p. 114 (In Japanese).

995. NCFI. The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Proceedings of The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf

997. Nishizawa, K., Radiation Protection Aspects of cold fusion. Hoken Butsuri, 1990. 25: p. 288 (in Japanese).

998. Oguro, K., Hydrogen absorbing alloys and low-temperature nuclear fusion. Zairyo, 1990. 39(437): p. 228 (in Japanese).

999. Olemskoj, A.I. and E.A. Toropov, On the fluctuation theory of cold fusion. Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), 1990. 35(11): p. 1619 (in Russian).

1000. Oriani, R.A., et al., Calorimetric measurements of excess power output during the cathodic charging of deuterium into palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 652.

A Seebeck-effect calorimeter was used to establish that generation of energy, in excess of the electrical energy input, can occur during the electrolysis of D2O. The magnitude of the excess power is measured with respect to the electrolysis of H2O as the baseline. The excess power levels of >60 W/cm^3 palladium and excess energies of 74 kJ cannot be un�derstood in terms of recombination of D2 and O2 within the calorimeter, other chemical reactions, or a storage-and-relaxation mechanism.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAcalorimetr.pdf

1002. Oyama, N., et al., Probing absorption of deuterium into palladium cathodes during D2O electrolysis with an in situ electrochemical microbalance technique. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2, 1990. 29(5): p. L818.

This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:

The in situ observation of the absorption of deuterium (or hydrogen) into the Pd cathode during D2O (or H2O) electrolysis was made by an electrochemical microbalance technique which is based on the quartz-crystal electrode. The resonant frequency of the Pd-coated quartz-crystal electrode decreased with increasing amount of charge passed during electrolysis, and the frequency change for the D2O electrolysis was about twice that for the H2O electrolysis. The atom ratios of H/Pd and D/Pd of the H-Pd and D-Pd compounds resulting from the electrolysis were estimated to be 0.59 and 0.57, respectively.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OyamaNprobingabs.pdf

1004. Palamalai, A., et al., Preliminary experimental studies on electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium. Trans. SAEST, 1990. 25: p. 73.

1005. Paleschi, V., et al., A plasma model of the process of cold nuclear fusion in metals. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 148: p. 345.

1006. Para, A.F., et al., Neutron Monitoring and Related Measurements During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium and Titanium Cathodes: Activity Report. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 131.

1007. Parish, T.A., R.T. Perry, and W.B. Wilson, Neutron sources and spectra from cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 479.

1008. Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, Cold fusion in palladium: a more realistic calculation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1990. 87: p. 8652.

1009. Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, More cold fusion in metals: corrected calculations and other considerations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1990. 87: p. 3177.

1010. Paseka, I. and J. Vondrak, Cold nuclear fusion. Chem. Listy, 1990. 84: p. 897 (in Czech).

1011. Pokropivnii, V.V. and V.V. Ogorodnikov, The bineutron model of cold nuclear fusion in metals. Pis`ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1990. 16(21): p. 31 (in Russian).

1012. Pons, S. and M. Fleischmann. Calorimetry of the Palladium-Deuterium System. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Our calorimetric measurements of the Pd/D system both in the period leading up to the preliminary publication (1) (for some corrections see(2)) and in the period leading up to the submission of the first full paper(3) showed that it is necessary to make measurements on a large number of electrodes for long times (the mean time chosen for a measurement cycle has been 3 months). It has therefore been necessary to adopt a low cost approach; our solution has been to use the single compartment Dewar cell type calorimeters illustrated in Fig. 1 and we have maintained up to five of these cells in each of three specially constructed water baths (see Section 1 below). The same type of calorimeter has been used for blank measurements on the Pd-H, Pt-D, and Pt-H systems.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=20

1014. Pons, S., et al., Method and Apparatus for Power Generation. 1990: WO 90/10935,1990.

1015. Pool, R., Wolf: My Tritium Was Impurity. Science, 1990.

1016. Pool, R., Cold Fusion: End of Act 1. Science, 1990. 244: p. 1039.

1017. Porter, J.D., et al., Limits on electromagnetic and particle emission from palladium-D2O electrolytic cells. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 319.

1018. Powell, G.L., et al., The preparation of palladium for cold fusion experiments. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 355.

1019. Prelas, M.A., et al., Cold fusion experiments using Maxwellian plasmas and sub-atmospheric deuterium gas. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 309.

1020. Preparata, G. Fractofusion Revisted. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

1021. Preparata, G. Theoretical Ideas on Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

The rapidly expanding experimental body of information on the phenomena attributed to cold nuclear fusion poses several funda.mental challenges to the generally accepted physical picture of both condensed matter and nuclear physics. In this presentation I will show how a recently proposed approach to the coherent electrodynamic processes in condensed matter, in terms of the 80 called "superradiant" behavior, can be used to provide for explicit coherent mechanism! for: (al greatly enhancing the tunneling probability in the DD fusion process; (b) ultrarapid electron cooling of the excited compound nucleus, thus strongly suppressing the usual n-3 He and p-T channels of DD fusion in vacuum.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=110

1023. Price, P.B., Search for high-energy ions from fracture of LiD crystals. Nature (London), 1990. 343: p. 542 (Feb 1990).

1024. Rabinowitz, M., High temperature superconductivity and cold fusion. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 4(4): p. 233.

1025. Rabinowitz, M., Cluster-impact fusion: new physics or experimental error. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 4: p. 665.

1026. Rabinowitz, M., et al. Cluster-Impact Fusion: Bridge Between Hot and Cold Fusion? in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

1027. Rabinowitz, M. and D.H. Worledge, An analysis of cold and lukewarm fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 344.

1028. Rafelski, J., et al., How cold fusion can be catalyzed. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 136.

1029. Rafelski, J., et al., Nuclear reactions catalyzed by a massive negatively charged particle. How Cold Fusion Can Be Catalyzed. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 136.

1030. Ragheb, M. and G.H. Miley, Deuteron disintegration in condensed media. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 429.

1031. Ragland, E., Triode cell experiments for controlled Fleischmann/Pons effect. 1990.

1032. Rant, J., et al., Methods for in-situ detection of cold fusion in condensed matter. Kerntechnik, 1990. 55: p. 165.

1033. Redey, L., et al., Calorimetric measurements on electrochemical cells with Pd-D cathodes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 249.

1034. Rehm, K.E., W. Kutschera, and G.J. Perlow, Search for protons from the 2H(d,p)3H reaction in an electrolytic cell with palladium-platinum electrodes. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 41(1): p. 45.

1035. Rice, R.A., G.S. Chulick, and Y.E. Kim. The Effect of Velocity Distribution and Electron Screening on Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

It is demonstrated that electron screening, in combination with a particle velocity distribution, greatly enhances the cross sections and reaction rates for deuteron-deuteron (D-D) and proton-deuteron (p-D) fusion for low kinetic energies (E <= 20 e V, center of mass frame). Jr D fusion rates are shown to be comparable to D-D fusion rates for E ~ 10 eV, so that in electrolysis experiments with equal amounts of H and D, p-D fusion should compete with D-D fusion as a reaction mechanism.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=204

1037. Rice-Evans, P. and H. Evans, Search for neutrons from cold nuclear fusion. Eur. J. Phys., 1990. 11: p. 251.

1038. Ritley, K.A., et al., The behavior of electrochemical cell resistance: a possible application to cold fusion experiments. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 699.

1039. Ritley, K.A., et al. A Search for Cold Fusion Signatures in Cathodically Charged Palladium. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

1040. Rittner, E.S. and A. Meulenberg, A chemical interpretation of heat generated in 'cold fusion'. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 377.

1041. Roberts, D.A., et al., Energy and flux limits of cold fusion neutrons using a deuterated liquid scintillator. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 42: p. R1809.

1042. Rock, P.A., et al., Energy balance in the electrolysis of water with a palladium cathode. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 293: p. 261.

1043. Rogers, V.C. and G.M. Sandquist, Cold fusion reaction products and their measurement. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 483.

1044. Rogers, V.C. and G.M. Sandquist, Isotopic Hydrogen Fusion in Metals. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 483.

1045. Rolison, D.R., et al. Anomalies in the Surface Analysis of Deuterated Palladium. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

The surface and near-surface analytical characterization of thin palladium foils after the electrolysis of H2O or D2O was performed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution mass spectrometry, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These surface characterizations revealed a number of anomalous results, as summarized below.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RolisonDRanomaliesi.pdf

1047. Rosen, G., Groundstate thermalization of hydrogen isotopes in certain metals: enhancement of p+d and d+d nuclear fusion rates by Bethe-Bloch polarization. Hadronic J., 1990. 13: p. 255.

1048. Roth, J., et al., Fusion reactions during low energy deuterium implantation into titanium. Nucl. Fusion, 1990. 30: p. 441.

1049. Russell, J.L., Plausibility argument for a suggested mechanism for cold fusion. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 1990. 17(10): p. 545.

1050. Sahni, V.C., Comment on 'Cold fusion in condensed matter: is a theoretical description in terms of usual solid state physics possible?'. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 4(7): p. 497.

1051. Saito, N., et al., Search for cold-fusion neutrons from palladium breathing deuterons. Denshi Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho Iho, 1990. 54(9): p. 986 (in Japanese).

1052. Salamon, M.H., et al., Limits on the emission of neutrons, gamma-rays, electrons and protons from Pons/Fleischmann electrolytic cells. Nature (London), 1990. 344: p. 401.

1053. Sandquist, G.M. and V.C. Rogers, Enhancement of cold fusion reaction rates. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 351.

1054. Sasaki, A., An approach to cold fusion. Kenkyu Kiyo - Miyagi Kogyo Koto Senmom Gakko, 1990. 26: p. 47.

1055. Savinell, R.F. and H.S. Burney Jr., Report of the electrolytic industries for the year 1989. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990. 137: p. 485C.

1056. Schaller, C., Fusion Lecturer Cold To Press, in Los Alamos Monitor. 1990: Los AlamosEditor.

1057. Schaller, C., Scientist Convinced Process is Nuclear, in Los Alamos Monitor. 1990: Los AlamosEditor. p. 1.

1058. Schaller, C., Scientists Careful in Fusion Finds, in Monitor. 1990: Los AlamosEditor. p. 1.

1059. Schaller, C., Scientists Seeing Results in Cold Fusion, in Monitor. 1990: Los AlamosEditor. p. 183.

1060. Schilling, K.D., et al., Search for charged-particle emission from deuterated palladium foils. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl., 1990. 336: p. 1.

1061. Schreiber, M., et al. Recent Experimental Results on the Thermal Behavior of Electrochemical Cells in the Hydrogen-Palladium and Deuterium-Palladium Systems. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.

This paper reports calorimetric experiments related to the energy breakeven issue during heavy water electrolysis using a Pd cathode in thermodynamically closed cells. A comparison with light water electrolysis under the same conditions is also given. Excess power has been observed in a number of cases in which the overall energy balance becomes positive after a short period, leading to the generation of significant amounts of excess energy. In one case, excess power was maintained over a period of ten days, and produced over 23 MJ of excess energy per mole of palladium.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchreiberMrecentexpe.pdf

This paper reports calorimetric experiments related to the energy breakeven issue during heavy water electrolysis using a Pd cathode in thermodynamically closed cells. A comparison with light water electrolysis under the same conditions is also given. Excess power has been observed in a number of cases in which the overall energy balance becomes positive after a short period, leading to the generation of significant amounts of excess energy. In one case, excess power was maintained over a period of ten days, and produced over 23 MJ of excess energy per mole of palladium.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=63

The distinct nature of the cold fusion regime is emphasized: electromagnetic selection rules suppress radiation, permitting excess energy transference to the lattice; the coherent nature of the wave-function is at variance with the standard separation between barrier penetration and nuclear reactivity. The discussion is restricted to tritium production, based on the dd reaction that populates the first excited state of 4He, which decays into t+p, whereas the formation of 3He+n is energetically forbidden. Production rates compatible with the broad range of experimental results are realized within a narrow parametric interval. The great sensitivity to the physical circumstances is reminiscent of the reproducibility problems that have plagued this field.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchwingerJnuclearene.pdf

1065. Schwinger, J., Cold fusion: a hypothesis. Z. Naturforsch. A, 1990. 45A: p. 756.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchwingerJcoldfusion.pdf

1067. Scott, C.D., et al. The Initiation of Excess Power and Possible Products of Nuclear Interactions During the Electrolysis of Heavy Water. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

The electrolysis of heavy water is being investigated with an insulated flow calorimetric system. In each of a series of tests, the electrolyte was 0.1 to 1.0 LiOD in D2O and cylindrical palladium cathodes surrounded by wire-wound platinum anodes were used at cathode current densities of 100 to 800 mA/cm^2. The most recent test was made with a "closed system" without off-gas in which the electrolysis gases were internally recombined. Fast neutrons and gamma rays were measured continuously during each test. It was shown that certain system perturbations could initiate and extend the generation of excess power. In one test, an apparent increase in the neutron count rate was also coincident with system perturbations.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ScottCDtheinitiat.pdf

1069. Seeliger, D., Physical problems of the investigations into nuclear fusion in condensed media. Isotopenpraxis, 1990. 26: p. 384 (in German).

1070. Segre, S.E., et al., A mechanism for neutron emission from deuterium trapped in metals. Europhys. Lett., 1990. 11: p. 201.

1071. Shohoji, N., Unique features of hydrogen in palladium metal lattice: hints for discussing the possible occurrence of cold nuclear fusion. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1990. 9: p. 231.

1072. Silvera, I.F. and E. Moshary, Deuterated palladium at temperatures from 4.3 to 400K and pressures to 105 kbar: search for cold fusion. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 42(14): p. 9143.

1073. Simanek, E., Quantum tunnelling through a fluctuating barrier. Enhancement of cold-fusion rate. Physica A, 1990. 164: p. 147.

1074. Skerrett, P.J., Cold Fusion at Texas A&M: Problems, but No Fraud. Science, 1990. 250: p. 1507.

1075. Skibbe, U. and G. Neue, A 2D-NMR method to study near-surface regions of conductors. Colloids Surf., 1990. 45: p. 235.

1076. Sobkowski, J., Cold fusion - facts and opinions. Wiad. Chem., 1990. 44: p. 587 (in Polish).

1077. Sobotka, L.G. and P. Winter, Fracture without fusion (Scientific correspondence). Nature (London), 1990. 343: p. 601.

1078. Sohlberg, K. and K. Szalewicz, Fusion rates for deuterium in titanium clusters. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 144(6,7): p. 365.

1079. Soifer, V.N., et al., Neutron yield in heavy-water electrolysis. Sov. Phys. Dokl., 1990. 35(6): p. 546.

1080. Sona, P.G. and M. Ferrari, The possible negative influence of dissolved O2 in cold nuclear fusion experiments. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 678.

1081. Sona, P.G., et al., Preliminary tests on tritium and neutrons in cold nuclear fusion within palladium cathodes. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 713.

1082. Soriaga, M.P., Surface Electrochemical Studies of Pd in Alkaline D2O Solutions. 1990.

1083. Southon, J.R., et al., Upper limit for neutron emission from cold deuteron-triton fusion. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 41(5): p. R1899.

1084. Spinrad, B.I., On cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 343.

1085. Srinivasan, M., et al. Statistical Analysis of Neutron Emission in Cold Fusion Experiments. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

The paper discusses two techniques for studying the multiplicity spectrum of neutron emission in cold fusion experiments. In the first method the multiplicity distribution of counts in 20 ms time intervals is analysed to give information about the statistics of neutron emission in cold fusion. The results of six such experiments indicate that about 10 to 25% of the neutrons produced in cold fusion are emitted in the form of bunches 400 to 600 neutrons each. The other method discussed is an adaptation of the Artificial Dead Time method developed originally for reactor noise analysis as well as for the passive neutron assay of plutonium. An expression for the fractional loss of counts in the presence of dead time is derived. It is shown that a neutron detection efficiency of ~ 1% is adequate to estimate the average multiplicity as well as the fraction of bunched neutron emission in the presence of a Poisson background.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasanstatistica.pdf

The observation of significant neutron yield from gas loaded titanium samples at Frascati in April 1989 opened up an alternate pathway to the investigation of anomalous nuclear phenomena in deuterium/solid systems, complimenting the electrolytic approach. Since then atleast six different groups have successfully measured burst neutron emission from deuterated titanium shavings following the Frascati methodology, the special feature of which was the use of liquid nitrogen to create repeated thermal cycles resulting in the production of non-equilibrium conditions in the deuterated samples. At Trombay several variations of the gas loading procedure have been investigated including induction heating of single machined titanium targets in a glass chamber as well as use of a plasma focus device for deuteriding its central titanium electrode.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasanobservatio.pdf

1088. Steinert, C., Laser-induced 'semicold' fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 206.

1089. Stilwell, D.E., K.H. Park, and M. Miles, Electrochemical Calorimetric Studies on the Electrolysis of Water and Heavy Water (D2O). J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 333.

1090. Storms, E. and C.L. Talcott. A Study of Electrolytic Tritium Production. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.

Tritium production is being investigated using cathodes made from palladium and its alloys (with Li, C, S, B, and Be) to which are applied various surface treatments. Three anode materials (Pt, Ni and stainless steel), and various impurities in the electrolyte have also been used. Tritium has been produced in about 10% of the cells studied, but there is, as yet, no pattern of behavior that would make the effect predictable.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEastudyofel.pdf

Fifty-three electrolytic cells of various configurations and electrode compositions were examined for tritium production. Significant tritium was found in eleven cells at levels between 1.5 and 80 times the starting concentration after enrichment corrections are made.

http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEelectrolyt.pdf

1093. Tabet, E. and A. Tenenbaum, A dynamical model for cold fusion in deuterated palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 143.

1094. Tabet, E. and A. Tenenbaum, Nuclear reactions from lattice collapse in a cold fusion model. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 144(6,7): p. 301.

1095. Tajima, T., H. Iyetomi, and S. Ichimaru, Influence of attractive interaction between deuterons in Pd on nuclear fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 437.

1096. Takaharu, G., et al., Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion. 1990: European Patent Application, 90107987.1.

1097. Takahashi, A., et al., Short Note : Emission of 2.45 MeV and Higher Energy Neutrons from D2O-Pd Cell Under Biased-Pulse Electrolysis. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27: p. 663.

1098. Takahashi, A., et al. Neutron Spectra from D2O-Pd Cells with Pulsed Electrolysis. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

1099. Takahashi, A., et al., Emission of 2.45 MeV and higher energy neutrons from D2O-Pd cell under biased-pulse electrolysis. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27: p. 663.

1100. Takahashi, H. The Roles of Coherency and Intermittency on D-D Fusion Reaction in PdDx Deuteride. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

1101. Takahashi, H., Dynamical screening of potential by mobile deuteron and fusion rate of accelerated deuteron in PdDx. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 441.

1102. Talcott, C.L. Palladium Lattice Dimension Changes Associated With the Two Legs of the Hystersis Loop. in JOWOG-12 Meeting, Atomic Weapons Estab. 1990. Aldermaston.

1103. Talcott, C.L. and E. Storms. An Overview of "Cold Fusion". in JOWOG-12 Meeting, Atomic Weapons Estab. 1990. Aldermaston, England.

1104. Tamayo, J.M.M., et al., Experiments on cold fusion at IMP. Rev. Inst. Mex. Pet., 1990. 22: p. 42 (in Spanish).

1105. Taniguchi, N., et al., Conditions for cold nuclear fusion. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1990(9): p. 992 (in Japanese).

1106. Taniguchi, R. and T. Yamamoto. High Sensitivity Measurement of Charged Particles Emitted During Pulsed Electrolysis of D2O. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

1107. Taniguchi, R. and T. Yamamoto, High sensitivity measurement of charged particles using a silicon surface barrier detector. Hoshasen, 1990. 16: p. 29 (in Japanese).

1108. Taniguchi, R., T. Yamamoto, and S. Irie, Fine structure of the charged particle bursts induced by D2O electrolysis. Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect., Ser A, 1990. 39(2): p. 233.

1109. Taubes, G., Cold Fusion Conundrum at Texas A & M. Science, 1990. 248: p. 1299.

1110. Tesch, S., Yet again 'cold' nuclear fusion. Radio. Fernsehen Elektro. (East Ger.), 1990. 39 53 (In German).

1111. Thompson, D.T., A report from the meeting in Salt Lake City. Platinum Met. Rev., 1990. 34: p. 136.

1112. Tomellini, M. and D. Gozzi, On the possibility for local oversaturation of deuterium in palladium. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1990. 9: p. 836.

1113. Tran, D.N., et al., Investigation of nuclear fusion at the normal temperature. Tap Chi Vat Ly, 1990. 15(1): p. 29 (in Vietnamese).

1114. Tsarev, V.A., Cold fusion. Sov. Phys. Usp., 1990. 33(11): p. 881.

1115. Tsarev, V.A. and D.H. Worledge. Review of new results on cold nuclear fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.

1116. Tuggle, D.G., et al., Solid State Fusion Update. 1990: Los Alamos.