First Author: Joule, J. P.
2. Wendt, G.L. and C.E. Irion, Experimental attempts to decompose tungsten at high temperatures. Science, 1922. 55(1425): p. 422-423.
First Author: Wendt, G. L.
3. The Reported Conversion of Hydrogen into Helium. Nature (London), 1926. 118(2971): p. 526-527.
First Author:
The current (September) issue of the Berichte of the German Chemical Society contains a paper by Profs. F. Paneth and K. Peters on "The Transformation of Hydrogen into Helium," in which they describe in outline how they have succeeded in detecting the presence of a very minute amounts of helium, of the order of one hundred millionth of a cubic centimeter, derived from hydrogen which had been absorbed by finely divided palladium at ordinary temperature.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=24
First Author: Herbst, H.
5. Paneth, F. and K. Peters, On the transmutation of hydrogen to helium. Naturwiss., 1926. 43: p. 956 (in German).
First Author: Paneth, F.
This is a copy/reprinting of the authors' paper in Ber. 59 (1926) 2039. The authors explain in 1927 that the journal asked for permission to print the paper. It contains exactly the same material as the original.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=4
First Author: Paneth, F.
1. Fundamental Idea of the Research
The theoretical possibility of converting hydrogen into helium is always being referred to within the context of modern conceptions of Prout's hypothesis, in astrophysical calculations of the life of fixed stars and in radioactive considerations as to the origin of Hessian radiation. So far, however, there have been no successful attempts to bring about this transformation of elements, despite experiments with a wide variety of electrical discharges and the introduction of large amounts of energy.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=4
First Author: Paneth, F.
A few months ago, K. Peters and I published an account of experiments we had made in an attempt to transmute hydrogen into helium (Ber. D. Deutschen. Chem. Ges., 59, 2039: 1926). A more or less detailed account of this publication appeared in the columns of Nature (Vol. 118, p. 526. 1926), and perhaps I may be permitted to refer to a more recent publication on the same topic by K. Peters, P. Gnther, and myself (Ber. D. Deutschen Chem. Ges., 60, 808; 1927). In this communication, as a result of further experiments, we feel that we are in a position to give an explanation of the occurrence of the observed very small quantities of helium in our experiments, without having recourse to the assumption of a synthesis of helium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=26
First Author: Paneth, F.
In German. Submitted February 1927 or about six months after the earlier paper, this retracts the earlier claim. They report that they have now found a hitherto unsuspected source of helium contamination.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PanethFthepublica.pdf#page=28
First Author: Oliphant, M. L.
10. Krause, W. and L. Kahlenberg, On Palladium-Hydrogen. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1935. 68: p. 449.
First Author: Krause, W.
11. Oppenheimer, J.R. and M. Phillips, Note on the Transmutation Function for Deuterons. Phys. Rev., 1935. 48: p. 500.
First Author: Oppenheimer, J. R.
12. Smith, D.P. and G.J. Derge, The Occlusion and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Metals. A. Metallographic Study of Palladium-Hydrogen. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1935. LXVI: p. 253.
First Author: Smith, D. P.
13. Farkas, A., On the electrolytic separation of the hydrogen isotopes on a palladium cathode. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1937. 33: p. 552.
First Author: Farkas, A.
14. Gillespie, L.J. and W.R. Downs, The Palladium-Deuterium Equilibrium. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937. 61: p. 2494.
First Author: Gillespie, L. J.
15. Lacher, J.R., A Theoretical Formula for the Solubility of Hydrogen in Palladium. Royal Society of London Proceedings A, 1937. 161: p. 525.
First Author: Lacher, J. R.
16. Moore, G.A. and D.P. Smith, The Occlusion and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Metals. A. Metallographic Study of Nickel-Hydrogen. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1937. LXXI: p. 545.
First Author: Moore, G. A.
17. Moore, A., The Comportment of Palladium-Hydrogen System Toward Alternating Electric Current. Trans. Electrochem. Soc., 1939. LXXV: p. 237.
First Author: Moore, A.
18. Smith, D.P. and C.S. Barret, Note on the Arrangement of Phases in Pd-H. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940. 62: p. 2565.
First Author: Smith, D. P.
19. Armbraster, M., The Solubility of Hydrogen at Low Pressure in Iron, Nickel and Certain Steels at 400 to 600. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1943. 65(6): p. 1043-1054.
First Author: Armbraster, M.
20. Hanson, A.O. and J.L. McKibben, A Neutron Detector Having Uniform Sensitivity from 10 Kev to 3 MeV. Phys. Rev., 1947. 72(8): p. 673.
First Author: Hanson, A. O.
21. Norberg, R.E., Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Hydrogen Absorbed into Palladium Wire. Phys. Rev., 1952. 86: p. 745.
First Author: Norberg, R. E.
22. Norberg, R.E., Nuclear magnetic resonance of hydrogen absorbed into palladium wires. Phys. Rev., 1952. 86(5): p. 745.
First Author: Norberg, R. E.
23. Joncich, M.J. and N. Hackerman, The Reaction of Hydrogen and Oxygen on Submerged Platinum Electrode Catalysts. I. Effect of Stirring, Temperarture and Electric Polarization. J. Phys. Chem., 1953. 57: p. 674.
First Author: Joncich, M. J.
24. Arnold, W.R., et al., Cross Sections for the Reactions D-T, D-He ,T-He, He-He below 120 kev. Phys. Rev., 1954. 93: p. 483.
First Author: Arnold, W. R.
25. Hoare, J.P. and S. Schuldiner, Mechanisms of hydrogen producing reactions on palladium. III. Hydrogen overvoltage on the polarization and diffusion sides of a cathode-diagram. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1956. 103(4): p. 237.
First Author: Hoare, J. P.
26. Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. III. The Thermodynamic Study of Pd2H Between 15 and 303Ã… K. Evidence for the Tetragonal PdH4 Structure in Palladium Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3627.
First Author: Nace, D. M.
27. Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. I. The Thermodynamic Properties of Pd2H Between 273 and 345 K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3619.
First Author: Nace, D. M.
28. Nace, D.M. and J.G. Aston, Palladium Hydride. III. The Thermodynamic Study of Pd2H Between 15 and 303 K. Evidence for the Tetragonal PdH4 Structure in Palladium Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1957. 79: p. 3627.
First Author: Nace, D. M.
29. Worsham, J.E., M.K. Wilkinson, and C.G. Shull, Neutron-Diffraction Observations on the Palladium-hydrogen and Palladium-deuterium systems. J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 1957. 3: p. 303.
First Author: Worsham, J. E.
30. Castellan, G.W., J.P. Hoare, and S. Schuldiner, Electrochemical behavior of the palladium-hydrogen system.(II). Thermodynamic considerations. J. Chem. Phys., 1958. 28: p. 20.
First Author: Castellan, G. W.
31. Hoare, J.P., S. Schuldiner, and G.W. Castellan, Electrochemical behavior of the palladium-hydrogen system(III). Gas-charged palladium alloys. J. Chem. Phys., 1958. 28: p. 22.
First Author: Hoare, J. P.
32. Schuldiner, S., G.W. Castellan, and J.P. Hoare, Electrochemical Behavior of the Palladium-Hydrogen System. I. Potential-Determining Mechanisms. J. Chem. Phys., 1958. 28: p. 16.
First Author: Schuldiner, S.
33. Sherfey, J.M. and A. Brenne, Electrochemical Calorimetry. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1958. 105(11): p. 665.
First Author: Sherfey, J. M.
34. Carson, A.W., T.B. Flanagan, and F.A. Lewis, Electrode Potentials and Compound Formation in the Palladium-Platinum-Hydrogen System. Nature (London), 1959. 183: p. 39.
First Author: Carson, A. W.
35. Flanagan, T.B. and F.A. Lewis, Hydrogen Absorption by Palladium in Aqueous Solution. Faraday Soc. Trans., 1959. 55: p. 1401.
First Author: Flanagan, T. B.
36. Flanagan, T.B. and F.A. Lewis, Electrode Potentials of the Palladium + Hydrogen System. Faraday Soc., 1959. 55: p. 1409.
First Author: Flanagan, T. B.
37. Goon, E.J., The Non-Stoichiometry of Lathanum Hydride. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1959. 63: p. 2018.
First Author: Goon, E. J.
38. Carson, A.W., T.B. Flanagan, and F.A. Lewis, Proton Transfer Between Pd/H and Pd/Pt/H Electrodes. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1960. 56: p. 1324.
First Author: Carson, A. W.
39. Carson, A.W., T.B. Flanagan, and F.A. Lewis, Absorption of Hydrogen by Palladium/Platinum Alloys. Faraday Soc., 1960. 56: p. 363.
First Author: Carson, A. W.
40. Lewis, F.A., The Hydrides of Palladium and Palladium Alloys. Pt. Met. Rev., 1960. 4-5: p. 132.
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41. Marion, J.B., et al., A Versatile, High Efficiency 4 pi Neutron Detector. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1960. 8: p. 297.
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42. van de Vate, J.F., O. Reifenschweiler, and G. van de Ligt, Onderzoekingen Naar De Temperatuurvastheid Van Fijnverdeelde Metaal-Tritium-Systemen In Vacuum. 1960, Philips Corporation.
First Author: van de Vate, J. F.
This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:
http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:34d2c20b-6847-4f3d-af49-71211557d4ea/tn2014-00264.pdf
The paper is in Dutch. It includes a Summary in English:
The temperature stability of finely dispersed metaltritium systems in vacuum was investigated. The tritium content of the metals was measured by a new method based on the radio-activity of the tritium. Ways were found to prepare metal-tritium systems, sufficiently temperature-stable for technical applications. In addition, the experiments were found to be of interest in checking various classical and modern theories on the formation of hydrides.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/vandeVateJonderzoeki.pdf
First Author: van de Vate, J. F.
This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:
http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:e06e3502-3173-4795-9f16-b9e79f106107/tn2014-00266.pdf
By "Bremsstrahlung" is meant the continuous quantum radiation arising when electrons undergo braking in the fields of atomic nuclei. Discovered by Rontgen as long ago as 1895, this type of radiation occurs when the beta-electrons from a disintegrating beta-emitter are braked in the surrounding matter, being termed "external bremsstrahlung" in this case. But in such isotopes the beta-electron is also accompanied by a type of radiation that is independent of the surrounding matter. This type is called "internal bremsstrahlung", because it is generated by the electron inside the radioactive atom, during the decay process. It was first demonstrated by Aston 1) in the "twenties" when, in the course of gamma-ray measurements on RaE, he detected a soft, inhomogeneous form of gamma-radiation.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/vandeVateJtheinterna.pdf
First Author: Van Swaay, M.
45. Flanagan, T.B., Absorption of Deuterium by Palladium. J. Phys. Chem., 1961. 65: p. 280.
First Author: Flanagan, T. B.
46. Hurlbert, R.C. and J.O. Konecny, Diffusion of hydrogen through palladium. J. Chem. Phys., 1961. 34: p. 655.
First Author: Hurlbert, R. C.
47. Kalff, P.J., O. Reifenschweiler, and G. van de Ligt, Enkele Experimenten Aan Metaal-Zuurstof-Tritiumsystemen. 1961, Philips Corporation.
First Author: Kalff, P. J.
This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:
http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:9ce8ae9a-8ff7-4c94-9e6b-e67841c4e9ab/tn2014-00267.pdf
This paper is in Dutch. It includes a Summary in English:
The investigations by van de Vate, Reifenschweiler and van de Ligt into the temperature-resistant properties of finely dispersed metal-tritium systems have been supplemented by experiments on titanium-oxygen-tritium systems, mainly intended for the purposes of orientation. In these experiments both the tritium and the oxygen pressure were varied and the influence of these variations on the composition of the temperature-resistant residue was ascertained. A further experiment was carried out with neodynium powder.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KalffPJenkeleexpe.pdf
First Author: Kojima, H.
49. Maeland, A.J. and T.R.P. Gibb, X-Ray Diffraction Observations of The Pd-H system Through the Critical Region. J. Phys. Chem., 1961. 65: p. 1270.
First Author: Maeland, A. J.
50. Wickenden, D.K. and O. Reifenschweiler, Some Investigations into the Bremsstrahlung of Tritium. 1961, Philips Corporation.
First Author: Wickenden, D. K.
This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:
http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:48116fe3-dadb-481e-b282-cea0bb47609e/tn2014-00263.pdf
The internal and external bremsstrahlung of tritium have been investigated by a new method, using titanium-tritium films. A great discrepancy was found between the experimental results and the theory. The experimental values of the ratio I-EBS were between four and thirty times lower than the ratio I-IBS predicted by theory. This discrepancy may be due either to the generation of characteristic x-radiation in the experimental arrangement used or to the fact that the theory is not applicable to tritium on account of its extremely low atomic number and beta-ray energy. The wide scatter in the experimental results may likewise be due to the generation of characteristic x-radiation.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WickendenDsomeinvest.pdf
First Author: Barton, J. C.
52. Barton, J.C., F.A. Lewis, and I. Woodward, Hysteresis of the Relationships Between Electrical Resistance and Hydrogen Content of Palladium. Trans. Faraday Soc., 1963. 59: p. 1201.
First Author: Barton, J. C.
53. Bigeleisen, J. and E.C. Kerr, Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Dilute Solutions of HT in e-H2 and DT in e-D2 from the Triple Points to the Critical Temperatures of the Solutions. J. Chem. Phys., 1963. 39: p. 763.
First Author: Bigeleisen, J.
54. Boniszewski, T. and G.C. Smith, The influence of hydrogen on the plastic deformation ductility, and fracture of nickel in tension. Acta Metall., 1963. 11: p. 165.
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55. Manuel, A.J. and J.M.P. St Quinton, The magnetic susceptibility of palladium and palladium-rhodium alloys from 1.85 to 293Ã…K. Proc. Royal Soc London, A, 1963. 273: p. 412.
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56. Manuel, A.J. and J.M.P. St Quinton, The magnetic susceptibility of palladium and palladium-rhodium alloys from 1.85 to 293ÂÂK. Proc. Royal Soc London, A, 1963. 273: p. 412.
First Author: Manuel, A. J.
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First Author: Von Buttlar, H.
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64. Barton, J.C., J.A.S. Green, and F.A. Lewis, Changes of Electrode Potential and Electrical Resistance as a Function of the Hydrogen Content of some Pd+Ni and Pd+Rh alloys. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1965.
First Author: Barton, J. C.
65. Bihl, V., O. Reifenschweiler, and G. van de Ligt, Experimente Zur Darstellung Von Temperaturfesten Metall-Tritium Systemen. 1965, Philips Corporation.
First Author: Bihl, V.
This paper is from the Philips Corporation Repository hosted by TU Delft Library:
http://repository.tudelft.nl/assets/uuid:7d20843d-41d4-424b-a52a-a5f312168d94/tn2014-00268.pdf
The paper is in German. It includes a Summary in English:
The following experiments deal with the preparation of titanium-tritium and zirkonium-tritium systems, which are stable against heating. It could be shown that such systems suitable as priming agent in gas discharge tubes can be prepared by heating the fine dispersed metals in a tritium atmosphere.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BihlVexperiment.pdf
First Author: Bockris, J.
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69. Simons, J.W. and T.B. Flanagan, Effects of the Electronic Band Shape of Palladium Metal on the Proton Model for Hydrogen Absorption. Canadian J. Chem., 1965. 43: p. 1665.
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The phenomena that take place when some b.c.c, metals are cathodically charged with hydrogen are being studied by x-ray diffraction, and some preliminary results and a plausible explanation have been reported (i). Briefly, the lattice parmeter calculated from Bragg peaks obtained from diffraction by metal near the surface of the sheet opposite the charging surface increases at a rate that is extremely low in view of the known diffusivity of hydrogen in the metal. In addition, different Bragg reflections lead to different values of lattice parameters and to different time dependencies; also, grain rotation occurs. The suggested mechanism for these phenomena involves large amounts of plastic deformation caused by stress generation caused by hydrogen concentration gradients. We report here an additional phenomenon that occurs in thin metal films sputtered upon a much thicker metal substrata when the latter is cathodically charged with hydrogen. A provisional explanation is offered.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Armacanquithedecreas.pdf
First Author: Armacanqui, M. E.
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Electrolytic charging of hydrogen in to one side of polycrystalline b.c.c. Ti-30Mo plates (where the composition is given in approximate weight per cent) is found to generate dislocations at which the hydrogen atoms are trapped during their diffusion across the metal thickness. The defect generation is a result of stresses arising from the hydrogen concentration gradient at the entry surface. The generation of dislocations occurs on initiating the charging and persists thereafter with emission of dislocations towards the far side of the plate. As a consequence, slip lines and subgrains are formed at the entry and far sides. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Armacanquiplasticdef.pdf
First Author: Armacanqui, M. E.
Hydrogen charging of Ti-3OMo plates (where the composition is in approximate weight per cent) sputtered with thin films of iron, tantalum or titanium results in an increase or decrease in the film lattice parameter, depending on the circumstances. Films thinner than 200 nm show continuous decreases in lattice parameter during charging, whereas relatively thick films show positive changes in the lattice parameter. The decrease in the lattice parameter of the film metal is a consequence of fine-scale plastic deformation caused by the hydrogen charging. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Armacanquilatticeexp.pdf
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319. Cage, K., Memorandum: Cold Fusion Applications. 1989, U.S. Department of Commerce, Patent and Trademark office: Washington, DC.
First Author: Cage, K.
Although the media attention relating to cold fusion has dimishecl, we are Just now beginning to see a large number of applications relating to this subjects Although we are attempting to identify an of these applications in the pre-examination screening process, there is a possibility that a few applications may slip through without being identified. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CageKmemorandum.pdf
First Author: Campbell, R. B.
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U.S. House of Representatives, Hearing before the Committee on Science, Space and Technology on cold fusion, April 1989.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CSSThearingbef.pdf
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361. EPRI. NSF/EPRI Workshop on Anomalous Effects in Deuterated Metals. 1989. Washington, D.C.: Electric Power Research Institute.
First Author: EPRI
Attempts to confirm Fleischmann and Ponss observations of cold fusion phenomena have met with inconsistent results. This second workshop on this topic brought together skeptics and advocates to facilitate communication, to examine closely the experimental results, and to identify research issues.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/EPRInsfepriwor.pdf
First Author: ERAB
A copy of the ERAB report has been prepared by the National Capital Area Skeptics (NCAS) organization (www.ncas.org). It is available here: http://www.ncas.org/erab/ This library contains a brief introduction to the report and a copy of the NCAS version of the ERAB report.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ERABreportofth.pdf
First Author: Ewing, R. I.
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First Author: Fang, P. H.
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First Author: Fehn, T.
367. Feng, S., Enhancement of cold fusion rate by electron polarization in palladium deuterium solid. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72: p. 205.
First Author: Feng, S.
368. Fishman, R.S. and G.D. Mahan, Binding of charged particles in lattice defects. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40(17): p. 11493.
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369. Fleischmann, M., S. Pons, and M. Hawkins, Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 261: p. 301 and errata in Vol. 263.
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
The strange behaviour of electrogenerated hydrogen dissolved in palladium has been studied for well over 100 years, and latterly these studies have been extended to deuterium and tritium [1]. For discharge of deuterium from alkaline solutions of heavy water we have to consider the reaction steps
The strange behaviour of electrogenerated hydrogen dissolved in palladium has been studied for well over 100 years, and latterly these studies have been extended to deuterium and tritium. For discharge of deuterium from alkaline solutions of heavy water we have to consider the reaction steps
D2O + e- → Dads + OD (i)
Dads + D2O + e- → D2 + OD (ii)
Dads → Dlattice (iii)
Dads + Dads → D2 (iv)
It is known that at potentials negative to + 50 mV on the reversible hydrogen scale, the lattice is in the β-phase, hydrogen is in the form of protons (as shown by the migration in an electric field) and is highly mobile (D = 10-7 cm2 s-1 for the α-phase at 300 K).
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmanelectroche.pdf
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
371. Fowler, W.A., Cold fusion results still unexplained. Nature (London), 1989. 339(6223): p. 345.
First Author: Fowler, W. A.
372. Fralick, G.C., A.J. Decker, and J.W. Blue, Results Of An Attempt To Measure Increased Rates Of The Reaction 2D + 2D --> 3He + n In A Nonelectrochemical Cold Fusion Experiment. 1989, NASA: Cleveland, OH.
First Author: Fralick, G. C.
An experiment was performed at the Lewis Research Center to look for evidence of deuterium fusion in palladium. The experiment, which involved introducing deuterium into the palladium filter of a hydrogen purifier, was designed to detect neutrons produced in the reaction
2D + 2D → 3He + n
as well as heat production. The neutron counts for deuterium did not differ significantly from background or from the counts for a hydrogen control. Heat production was detected when deuterium, but not hydrogen, was pumped from the purifier.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/FralickGCresultsofa.pdf
First Author: Fujita, S.
374. Gai, M., et al., Upper limits on neutron and gamma-ray emission from cold fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 340: p. 29.
First Author: Gai, M.
375. Gajewski, R., Investigation of some aspects of cold fusion. 1989.
First Author: Gajewski, R.
376. Ganz, J. and J. Newman, Cold Fusion : Will It Be Harnessed?, in High Technology Careers Magazine. 1989. p. 60.
First Author: Ganz, J.
377. Garwin, R.L., Consensus on Cold Fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 616.
First Author: Garwin, R. L.
378. Gerstein, S.S., The Critical Test Experiments in Cold Fusion. 1989.
First Author: Gerstein, S. S.
379. Ghosh, S.K., H.K. Sadhukhan, and A.K. Dhara, A theory of cold nuclear fusion in deuterium-loaded palladium. Pramana, 1989. 33: p. L339.
First Author: Ghosh, S. K.
380. Ghosh, S.K., H.K. Saidhukhan, and A.K. Dhara, A Theory of Cold Nuclear Fusion in Deuterium Loaded Palladium, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. C 4.
First Author: Ghosh, S. K.
381. Gillespie, D.J., et al., A search for anomalies in the palladium-deuterium system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 526.
First Author: Gillespie, D. J.
382. Gittus, J. and J. Bockris, Explanations of cold fusion (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 105 (Scientific Correspondence).
First Author: Gittus, J.
383. Goedkoop, J.A., Koude kernfusie in de vaste stof?" (Cold nuclear fusion in solids?). Energiespektrum, 1989. 13: p. 156 (in Dutch).
First Author: Goedkoop, J. A.
384. Gold, T., New ideas in science. J. Sci. Expl., 1989. 3(2): p. 103.
First Author: Gold, T.
385. Goldanskii, V.I. and F.I. Dalidchik, Mechanism of solid-state fusion (Title given by Letters editor). Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 231.
First Author: Goldanskii, V. I.
386. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., A possible mechanism for cold nuclear fusion. J. Kratk. Soobshch. Fiz., 1989(6): p. 56 (In Russian).
First Author: Golubnichii, P. I.
387. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Possible mechanism of cold nuclear fusion. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 307: p. 99 (in Russian).
First Author: Golubnichii, P. I.
388. Goodwin, I., Fusion in a Flask: Expert DOE Panel Throws Cold Water on Utah Discovery. Physics Today, 1989. December: p. 43.
First Author: Goodwin, I.
389. Gottesfeld, S., et al. Experiments and Nuclear Measurements in Search of Cold Fusion Proceses. in Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989. Santa Fe, NM.
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390. Gozzi, D., et al., Neutron and Tritium Evidences in the Electrolytic Reduction of Deuterium on Pd Electrodes. 1989.
First Author: Gozzi, D.
391. Greber, T., et al. Cold Fusion Experiments in Fribourg. in Understanding Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989.
First Author: Greber, T.
392. Greenland, T., Numbers off an envelope. Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 16.
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393. Gryzinski, M., Low-temperature fusion of light nuclei in the Fleischmann-Pons reaction. Inz. Aparat. Chem., 1989. 28(5): p. 3 (in Polish).
First Author: Gryzinski, M.
394. Gryzinski, M., Cold fusion: what's going on? Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 712.
First Author: Gryzinski, M.
395. Gu, A.G., et al., Preliminary experimental study on cold fusion using deuterium gas and deuterium plasma in the presence of palladium. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 248.
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396. Guggeler, H.W., et al., Cold Fusion Reactions with 48Ca. Nucl. Phys. A, 1989. 502: p. 561c.
First Author: Guggeler, H. W.
397. Guinan, M.W., G.F. Chaplin, and R.W. Moir, Catalysis of Deuterium Fusion in Metal Hydrides by Cosmic Ray Muons. 1989: Los Alamos.
First Author: Guinan, M. W.
398. Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent Fusion Theory. in Winter Annual Meeting of Am. Soc. Mechan. Eng. 1989. San Francisco, CA.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
399. Hagelstein, P.L., Phonon Interactions in Coherent Fusion. 1989.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
400. Hagelstein, P.L., Rates for Neutron and Tritium Production in Coherent D-D Fusion. 1989.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
401. Hagelstein, P.L., A Simple Model for Coherent D-D Fusion in the Presence of a Lattice. 1989.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
402. Hajdas, W., et al., Search for cold fusion events. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72: p. 309.
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403. Hargitai, C., Considerations on cold nuclear fusion in palladium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1989. 137(1): p. 17.
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404. Hassam, A.B. and A.N. Dharamsi, Deuterium molecule in the presence of electronic charge concentrations: implications for cold fusion. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1989. 40(11): p. 6689.
First Author: Hassam, A B.
405. Henis, Z., S. Eliezer, and A. Zigler, Cold nuclear fusion rates in condensed matter: a phenomenological analysis. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 1989. 15: p. L219.
First Author: Henis, Z.
406. Hietschold, M., Electric field control for cold nuclear fusion? - a suggestion. Wiss. Z. TU Karl-Marx-Stadt, 1989. 31: p. 635.
First Author: Hietschold, M.
407. Hoffmann, B., H. Baumann, and F. Rauch, Hydrogen Uptake by Palladium-Implanted Titanium Studied by NRA and RBS. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 1989. 15: p. 361.
First Author: Hoffmann, B.
408. Horanyi, G., Some doubts about the occurrence of electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34: p. 889.
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409. Horanyi, G., Open questions concerning the Fleischmann-Pons experiment. Magy. Kem. Fol, 1989. 95: p. 140 (in Hungarian).
First Author: Horanyi, G.
410. Horanyi, G., Some basic electrochemistry and the cold nuclear fusion of deuterium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1989. 137(1): p. 23.
First Author: Horanyi, G.
411. Horowitz, C.J., Cold nuclear fusion in metallic hydrogen and normal metals. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1989. 40: p. R1555.
First Author: Horowitz, C. J.
412. Huang, N., et al. A Flow Calorimeter Used in Duplication of 'Cold Fusion'. in Special Session Cold Fusion, Electrochemical Society. 1989. Hollywood, Fl: Electrochemical Society.
First Author: Huang, N.
413. Huggins, R.A., Statement before the Committee on Science, Space, and Technolgy. 1989.
First Author: Huggins, R. A.
414. Ikeya, M. and H. Miyamaru, Chemical heat production of palladium electrode electrolytically charged with deuterium and hydrogen. Chem. Express, 1989. 4: p. 563.
First Author: Ikeya, M.
415. Irvine, J.M. and S. Riley, Cold fusion doubts and controls. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 515 (15-Jun).
First Author: Irvine, J. M.
416. Iyengar, P.K. Cold Fusion Results in BARC Experiments. in Fifth International Conf. on Emerging Nucl. Energy Ststems. 1989. Karlsruhe, Germany.
First Author: Iyengar, P. K.
Experiments were initiated at Trombay during the first week of April 1989 to verify the widely reported claims of the occurrence of cold fusion. A large burst of ≈ 2 10^7 neutrons was first detected on April 21st with a Pd-Ni electrolytic cell. The neutron counting rate, averaged over a 5 minute interval, was a couple of orders of magnitude larger than that of background count rates. In this experiment the tritium level in the D2O electrolyte jumped from the initial stock solution value of 2.6 Bq/ml to a 5.6 10^4 Bq/ml, an increase by over four orders of magnitude. The total quantity of tritium generated corresponds to ≈ 10^16 atoms suggesting a neutron to tritium channel branching ratio of less than 10^-8 in cold fusion. Significant quantities of neutrons and tritium were also observed to be produced in gas loaded Ti and Pd samples. Autoradiography of D2 loaded Ti disc targets have shown a number of hot spots indicating uneven distribution of tritium production in the near-surface region. On the whole the Trombay experiments have unequivocally confirmed the occurrence of cold fusion reactions both in Pd and Ti metallic lattices loaded with deuterium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IyengarPKcoldfusion.pdf
First Author: Iyengar, P. K.
The Preface and Summary of the book BARC Studies in Cold Fusion.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IyengarPKprefaceand.pdf
First Author: Iyengar, P. K.
419. Jackson, J.C., Cold fusion results still unexplained. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 345 (1-Jun).
First Author: Jackson, J. C.
420. Johnson, K.H. and D.P. Clougherty, Hydrogen-hydrogen/deuterium-deuterium bonding in palladium and the superconducting/electrochemical properties of PdHx/PdDx. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3: p. 795.
First Author: Johnson, K. H.
421. Jones, S., Bibliography. 1989.
First Author: Jones, S.
422. Jones, S.E. Anomalous Neutron Emission in Metal- Deuterium Systems. in Riken Conference on Muon-Catalyzed and Cold Fusion. 1989. Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
423. Jones, S.E., et al., Observation of cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 737.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
424. Jorgensen, C.K. Chemistry of Unsaturated Quarks. in Molecular Structures and Energetics. 1989. VCH Publishers, NY.
First Author: Jorgensen, C. K.
425. Jorgensen, C.K., Scenarios for nuclear fusion in palladium-deuterium alloys at ambient temperatures. Chimia, 1989. 43: p. 142.
First Author: Jorgensen, C. K.
426. Joyce, C., Unlucky Break for the Friends of Cold Fusion. New Scientist, 1989: p. 34.
First Author: Joyce, C.
427. Kainthla, R.C., et al., Eight chemical explanations of the Fleischmann-Pons effect. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1989. 14(11): p. 771.
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428. Kainthla, R.C., et al., Sporadic observation of the Fleischmann-Pons heat effect. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34: p. 1315.
First Author: Kainthla, R. C.
An examination has been made of the heat production at ten palladium electrodes, each prepared in a different way. Seven of these produced heat during D2 evolution in a D2 -O2 electrolysis cell (no recombination attempted) which coincided precisely with the prediction of classical electrochemical theory, and thus eliminated the suspicion of heat through unintended D2 -O2 recombination. Three electrodes clearly produced an excess heat of ~2-5 watts-cm^-3. The heat was observed for periods of 10-33 hrs. In one electrode the excess heat production "shut off" (after 33 hrs) with no apparent cause: it did not return in five days of further electrolysis.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KainthlaRCsporadicob.pdf
First Author: Kamm, G. N.
430. Karasevskii, A.I., D.V. Matyushov, and A. Gorodyskii, Possibility of the nuclear reaction between deuterium nuclei in electron shells of metal ions. Ukr. Khim. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), 1989. 55: p. 1036 (In Russian).
First Author: Karasevskii, A. I.
431. Kashy, E., et al., Search for neutron emission from deuterium-loaded palladium. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1989. 40(1): p. R1.
First Author: Kashy, E.
432. Kaushik, T.C., M. Srinivasan, and A. Shyam, Fracture Phenomena in Crystalline Solids: A Brief Review in the Context of Cold Fusion, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. C 5.
First Author: Kaushik, T. C.
433. Keddam, M., Some comments on the calorimetric aspects of the electrochemical 'cold fusion' by M. Fleischmann and S. Pons. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34(7): p. 995.
First Author: Keddam, M.
434. Kenny, J.P. and R. Schultz, "Hyper-gentle" (HGF) fusion at a few ev. 1989.
First Author: Kenny, J. P.
435. Kim, Y.E., Comment on "Cluster-Impact Fusion". 1989.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
436. Kim, Y.E., Fission-Induced Inertial Confinement Hot Fusion and Cold Fusion with Electrolysis. 1989.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
437. Kim, Y.E., Neutron-Induced Photonuclear Chain-Reaction Process in Pd Deuteride. 1989.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
438. Kim, Y.E., Nuclear Theory Hypotheses for Cold Fusion. 1989.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
439. Kim, Y.E., R.A. Rice, and G.S. Chulick, The Electron Screening Effect on Fusion Cross-sections and Rates in Physical Processes. 1989.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
440. Klepacki, D.J., Y.E. Kim, and R.A. Brandenburg, Two-Body Photodisintegration of 3-Helium and 3-Helium Near the Giant Resonance I. Plane-Wave Approximation. 1989.
First Author: Klepacki, D. J.
441. Kondo, J., Cold fusion in metals. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1989. 58(6): p. 1869.
First Author: Kondo, J.
442. Koonin, S.E. and M. Nauenberg, Calculated fusion rates in isotopic hydrogen molecules. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 690.
First Author: Koonin, S. E.
443. Kosyakhkov, A.A., et al., Detection helium-3 and tritium formed during ion-plasma saturation of titanium with deuterium. Pis`ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 1989. 49: p. 648 (In Russian).
First Author: Kosyakhkov, A. A.
444. Koval'chuk, E.P., et al., Electrochemically stimulated radiation by metals. Fiz.-Khim. Mekh. Mater., 1989. 25: p. 119 (In Russian).
First Author: Koval'chuk, E. P.
445. Kreysa, G., G. Marx, and W. Plieth, A critical analysis of electrochemical nuclear fusion experiments. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 266: p. 437.
First Author: Kreysa, G.
446. Krishnan, M.S., et al., Evidence for Production of Tritium via Cold Fusion Reactions in Deuterium Gas Loaded Palladium, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. B 4.
First Author: Krishnan, M. S.
After the first announcement reporting the observation of cold fusion further evidence supporting the same has appeared in scientific literature although many other groups have failed to obtain positive results. Palladium and titanium loaded electrolytically and titanium loaded directly with deuterium gas have been reported to emit neutrons. Interestingly gas loading experiments involving Pd-D have not been reported so far. Such experiments were therefore conducted recently in our group. Tritium measurements in gas loaded Pd-D targets have been carried out. The present paper summarises the results obtained so far to ascertain whether cold fusion reactions occur in gas loaded Pd targets also.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KrishnanMSevidencefo.pdf
First Author: Krishnan, M. S.
Since the two communications reporting the occurrence of cold fusion, experiments had been initiated in a number of laboratories to study the electrolysis of D2O with palladium (Pd) as cathode. In a few cases titanium (Ti) has also been used as cathode. Ti is a material of interest as it can form deuteride up to the composition of TiD2 (against 0.6 in case of Pd). Further Ti is more easily available and cheaper in our country. Three groups have reported the use of Ti as the cathode material in their electrolytic experiments. Meanwhile in an interesting paper use of Ti in deuterium gas loading experiments has been reported wherein occurrence of neutron bursts under non-equilibrium conditions was observed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KrishnanMSobservatio.pdf
First Author: Krishnan, M. S.
The first reports of observation of 'Cold Fusion' during the electrolysis of heavy water using Pd cathodes, resulted in frantic attempts in several laboratories of the world to duplicate these experiments and if possible improve upon them. Electrolytic cold fusion investigations were initiated at Trombay in the first week of April '89 as a collaborative effort between the Heavy Water and Neutron Physics Divisions of BARC. A commercial (Milton Roy) diffusion type Pd-Ag cathode/ Ni anode hydrogen generator which was readily available was employed for this purpose, after loading NaOD as electrolyte in place of the original NaOH. This paper gives details of the electrolyser characteristics, conditions of operation and the neutron and tritium measurements.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KrishnanMScoldfusion.pdf
First Author: Krishnan, M. S.
450. Kumar, N., Cold fusion: is there a solid state effect? Curr. Sci., 1989. 58: p. 833.
First Author: Kumar, N.
451. Kuss, H.M., Die elektrochemische Kernfusion bleibt unbewiesen! ("Electrochemical nuclear fusion still unproven!"). Chem. Labor Betr., 1989. 40: p. 353 [in German].
First Author: Kuss, H. M.
452. Kuzmann, E., et al., Investigation on the possibility of cold nuclear fusion in Fe-Zr amorphous alloy. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1989. 137(4): p. 243.
First Author: Kuzmann, E.
453. Lam, P.K. and R. Yu, Comment on 'Cold fusion: How close can deuterium atoms get inside palladium?'. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989. 63: p. 1895.
First Author: Lam, P. K.
454. Langanke, K., Potential of a deuterium molecule trapped in an external field of screened point charges with fcc-symmetry. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3: p. 1031.
First Author: Langanke, K.
455. Langanke, K., H.J. Assenbaum, and C. Rolfs, Screening corrections in cold deuterium fusion rates. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl., 1989. 333: p. 317.
First Author: Langanke, K.
456. Langmuir, I., Pathological Science. Physics Today, 1989. October: p. 36.
First Author: Langmuir, I.
457. LANL. Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989. Santa Fe, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory.
First Author: LANL
Program Committee, Agenda and Abstracts
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LANLworkshopon.pdf
First Author: Leary, W. E.
459. Lee, A.R. and T.M. Kalotas, On the feasibility of cold fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 102(4): p. 1177.
First Author: Lee, A. R.
460. Leggett, A.J. and G. Baym, Exact upper bounds on barrier penetration probabilities in many-body systems: application to 'cold fusion'. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989. 63(2): p. 191.
First Author: Leggett, A. J.
461. Leggett, A.J. and G. Baym, Can solid-state effects enhance the cold-fusion rate? Nature (London), 1989. 340: p. 45.
First Author: Leggett, A. J.
462. Levi, B.G., Doubts Grow as Many Attempts at Cold Fusion Fail. Physics Today, 1989. June: p. 17.
First Author: Levi, B. G.
463. Lewins, J.D., The fusion trail goes cold. Nucl. Eng. (Inst. Nucl. Eng.), 1989. 30: p. 6.
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464. Lewis, N.S., et al., Searches for low-temperature nuclear fusion of deuterium in palladium. Nature (London), 1989. 340(6234): p. 525.
First Author: Lewis, N. S.
465. Lindley, D., Does commercial pressure make for bad science? The World & I, 1989: p. 513.
First Author: Lindley, D.
466. Lindley, D., Double Blow for Cold Nuclear Fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 567.
First Author: Lindley, D.
467. Lindley, D., Cold Fusion Gathering is Incentive to Collaborate. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 325.
First Author: Lindley, D.
468. Lindley, D., Noncommittal Outcome. Nature (London), 1989. 341: p. 679.
First Author: Lindley, D.
469. Lindley, D., No Evidence for Neutrons at Yale/BYU. Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 106.
First Author: Lindley, D.
470. Lindley, D., Official Thumbs Down. Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 215.
First Author: Lindley, D.
471. Lipson, A.G., et al., Anomalous beta activity of products of mechanical working of a titanium- deuterated material. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1989. 15(10): p. 783.
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
472. Lipson, A.G., et al., Deuterium-deuterium fusion initiation by friction in the system titanium- deuterated polymer. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1989. 15(17): p. 26 (in Russian).
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
473. Lipson, A.G., et al., Neutron emission during the mechanical treatment of titanium in the presence of deuterated substances. JETP, 1989. 49(11): p. 675.
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
474. Liu, F., et al., Nature of short range interaction between deuterium atoms in palladium. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72: p. 891.
First Author: Liu, F.
475. Lo, S.Y., Enhancement of nuclear fusion in a strongly coupled cold plasma. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3(16): p. 1207.
First Author: Lo, S. Y.
476. Lohr, L.L., Electronic structure of palladium clusters: implications for cold fusion. J. Phys. Chem., 1989. 93: p. 4697.
First Author: Lohr, L. L.
477. Lomovskii, O.I., A.F. Eremin, and V.V. Boldyrev, Isotope heat effect in reactions with libreration of hydrogen on palladium catalytic particles. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 309: p. 879 (In Russian).
First Author: Lomovskii, O. I.
478. Maddox, J., End of Cold Fusion in Sight. Nature (London), 1989. 340: p. 15.
First Author: Maddox, J.
479. Malhotra, S.K., M.S. Krishnan, and H.K. Sadhukhan, Material Balance of Tritium in Electrolysis of Heavy Water. 1989.
First Author: Malhotra, S. K.
480. Mallove, E., MIT Urgent Media Advisory. 1989.
First Author: Mallove, E.
481. Marinelli, M., et al., Heat release from deuterated titanium-iron (TiFe) or lanthanum-nickel (LaNi5) on exposure to the air. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 102: p. 959.
First Author: Marinelli, M.
482. Mathews, C.K., et al., On the possibility of nuclear fusion by the electrolysis of heavy water. Indian J. Technol., 1989. 27: p. 229.
First Author: Mathews, C. K.
483. Matsumoto, T., 'Nattoh' model for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 532.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
484. Mazitov, R.K., On the detection of cold nuclear fusion. Koord. Khim., 1989. 15(9): p. 1294 (in Russian).
First Author: Mazitov, R. K.
485. Mazitov, R.K., Possibility of nuclear transformation in chemical reactions. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 307: p. 1158 (in Russian).
First Author: Mazitov, R. K.
486. McCevoy, A.J. and C.T.D. O'Sullivan, Cold fusion: what's going on? Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 711.
First Author: McCevoy, A. J.
487. McDonald, K.A., Energy Department Panel Remains Unconvinced by New Claims of Room-Temperature Fusion. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1989: p. A1.
First Author: McDonald, K. A.
488. McKibben, J.L., Can particles having both fractional electric charge and color charge with 1/r2 force be in existence since the big bang? 1989.
First Author: McKibben, J. L.
489. McKibben, J.L., Evidence for three primordially created particles and can one of them catalyze cold fusion? 1989.
First Author: McKibben, J. L.
490. McNally, J.R., On the possibility of a nuclear mass-energy resonance in deuterium + deuterium reactions at low energy. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 237.
First Author: McNally, J. R.
491. Mebrahtu, T., et al., Observations on the surface composition of palladium cathodes after D2O electrolysis in LiOD solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 267: p. 351.
First Author: Mebrahtu, T.
492. Menlove, H.O., et al. Measurement of Neutron Emission From Cylinders Containing Titanium With Pressurized Deuterium Gas. in Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989. Santa Fe, NM.
First Author: Menlove, H. O.
493. Mintmire, J.W., et al., Chemical forces associated with deuterium confinement in palladium. Phys. Lett. A, 1989. 138(1,2): p. 51.
First Author: Mintmire, J. W.
494. Miskelly, G.M., et al., Analysis of the published calorimetric evidence for electrochemical fusion of deuterium in palladium. Science, 1989. 246: p. 793.
First Author: Miskelly, G. M.
495. Mizuno, T., T. Akimoto, and N. Sato, Neutron evolution from annealed palladium cathode in LiOD-D2O solution. Denki Kagaku, 1989. 57: p. 742.
First Author: Mizuno, T.
496. Moir, R.W., Application of Muon-Catalyzed Fusion in Metal Hydrides For Isotope Production. 1989: Los Alamod.
First Author: Moir, R. W.
497. Morrison, D.R.O., A view from CERN. Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 17.
First Author: Morrison, D. R. O.
498. Mueller, D. and L.R. Grisham, Nuclear reactions products that would appear if substantial cold fusion occurred. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 379.
First Author: Mueller, D.
499. Murthy, T.S., et al., Tritium Analysis of Samples Obtained from Various Electrolysis Experiments at BARC, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 9.
First Author: Murthy, T. S.
The report summarises the methodology and techniques adopted for the determination of tritium content in various samples obtained during the initial sets of experiments conducted at Trombay in connection with studies on the feasibility of Cold Fusion'.
The analyses were carried out at the Isotope Division and Health Physics Division.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MurthyTStritiumana.pdf
First Author: Myers, S. M.
501. Nayar, M.G., et al., Preliminary Results Of Cold Fusion Studies Using A Five Module High Current Electrolytic Cell, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 2.
First Author: Nayar, M. G.
Introduction In their first cold fusion paper Fleischmann et al. suggested that an electrolytic cell with large volume and surface area and high current density may cause fusion reactions resulting in the production of significant amounts of heat and nuclear particles. The experiments reported in this paper present the results of our early efforts to design and operate a high current modular Pd-Ni electrolytic cell and look for cold fusion reactions.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NayarMGpreliminar.pdf
First Author: Nordemann, D. J. R.
503. Nordlander, P., et al., Multiple deuterium occupancy of vacancies in Pd and related metals. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40: p. 1990.
First Author: Nordlander, P.
504. Nygren, L.A. and R.G. Leisure, Hydrogen hopping rates and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions in PdHx. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 11: p. 7611.
First Author: Nygren, L. A.
505. Ohashi, H. and T. Morozumi, Decoding of thermal data in Fleischmann & Pons paper. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1989. 26(7): p. 729.
First Author: Ohashi, H.
506. Ohms, D., D. Rahner, and K. Wiesener, Kernfusion in einer Elektrolysezelle?" ("Nuclear fusion in an electrolysis cell?"). Mitteilungsblatt - Chem. Ges. DDR, 1989. 36: p. 151 (in German).
First Author: Ohms, D.
507. Ohta, T., Is cold fusion possible? A proposal of the concept of "surfusion. Hyomen Kagaku, 1989. 10(11): p. 896 (in Japanese).
First Author: Ohta, T.
508. Oka, Y., S. Koshizuka, and S. Kondo, Electrochemically induced deuterium-tritium fusion power reactor - preliminary design of a reactor system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 260.
First Author: Oka, Y.
509. Oka, Y., S. Koshizuka, and S. Kondo, D2O-fueled fusion power reactor using electrochemically induced deuterium-deuterium D-Dn, D-Dp and deuterium-tritium reactions - preliminary design of a reactor system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 263.
First Author: Oka, Y.
510. Packham, N.J.C., et al., Production of tritium from D2O electrolysis at a palladium cathode. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 270: p. 451.
First Author: Packham, N. J. C.
INTRODUCTION
In the present communication, we report data that may be relevant to the phenomenon of room temperature fusion. It is the contention of the authors that the alleged phenomenon is better characterized by the production of nuclear particles than by the measurement of bursts of heat. Here, we describe the observation of tritium produced in eleven D2O electrolysis cells at levels 10^2-10^5 times above that expected from the normal isotopic enrichment of electrolysis. Particular attention has been paid to possible sources of contamination.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PackhamNJCproduction.pdf
First Author: Paolo, P.
512. Park, R.L., The Cold Fusion Story Has Been an Object Lesson on Why Science Flourishes Only in the Open. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1989: p. A44.
First Author: Park, R. L.
513. Park, Y.W., et al., The observation of 2.2 MeV gamma-rays in an electrochemical cell. Sae Mulli, 1989. 29: p. 231.
First Author: Park, Y. W.
514. Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, Cold fusion in metals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1989. 86: p. 8614.
First Author: Parmenter, R. H.
515. Parmigiani, F. and P.G. Sona, Theoretical considerations on the cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 913.
First Author: Parmigiani, F.
516. Pauling, L., Explanations of cold fusion" (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 105.
First Author: Pauling, L.
517. Peat, F.D., Cold fusion: The making of a scientific controversy. 1989: Contempory Books.
First Author: Peat, F. D.
518. Perfetti, P., et al., Neutron emission under particular nonequilibrium conditions from palladium and titanium electrolytically charged with deuterium. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 921.
First Author: Perfetti, P.
519. Peroni, P., Cold fusion: what's going on? (Letters to the Editor). Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 711.
First Author: Peroni, P.
520. Petelenz, P., Hypothetical D-D bound states in solid palladium. Acta Phys. Pol. A, 1989. 75: p. 929.
First Author: Petelenz, P.
521. Petit, C., Fusion Fever in Utah --State Aches With Pride, in Salt Lake City Chronicle. 1989: Salt Lake CityEditor.
First Author: Petit, C.
522. Petrasso, R.D., et al., Problems with the gamma-ray spectrum in the Fleischmann et al experiments. Nature (London), 1989. 339(6221): p. 667.
First Author: Petrasso, R. D.
523. Petrasso, R.D., et al., Measurement of g-Rays from Cold Fusion. Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 667.
First Author: Petrasso, R. D.
524. Petrillo, C. and F. Sacchetti, A possible mechanism for bulk cold fusion in transition metal hydrides. Europhys. Lett., 1989. 10: p. 15.
First Author: Petrillo, C.
525. Picasso, L.E., Fusione: Fredda o calda?" (Fusion; cold or hot?). Accaio Inossid., 1989. 56(2): p. 5 (in Italian).
First Author: Picasso, L. E.
526. Pons, S. and M. Fleischmann, Some Comments on the History of the Field. 1989.
First Author: Pons, S.
527. Pool, R., Teller, Chu Boost Cold Fusion. Science, 1989.
First Author: Pool, R.
528. Pool, R., Fusion Breakthrough? Science, 1989. 244: p. 1661.
First Author: Pool, R.
529. Pool, R., Fusion Followup : Confusion Abounds. Science, 1989. 244: p. 27.
First Author: Pool, R.
530. Pool, R., Skepticism Grows Over Cold Fusion. Science, 1989. 244: p. 285.
First Author: Pool, R.
531. Pool, R., Brookhaven Chemists Find New Fusion Method. Science, 1989. 245: p. 1448.
First Author: Pool, R.
532. Pool, R., Will New Evidence Support Cold Fusion ? AND Teller,Chu Boost Cold Fusion. Science, 1989. 246: p. 206, 449.
First Author: Pool, R.
533. Pool, R. and M. Crawford, How Cold Fusion Happened- Twice ! Science, 1989. 244: p. 423.
First Author: Pool, R.
534. Pratt, L.R. and J. Eckert, Molecular Dynamics of a Dilute Solution of Hydrogen in Palladium. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 39(18): p. 13170.
First Author: Pratt, L. R.
535. Prelas, M.A., Advanced energy conversion methods for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 240.
First Author: Prelas, M. A.
536. Premuda, F., Cold fusion: what's going on? (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 338: p. 712.
First Author: Premuda, F.
537. Press, A., LANL Confirms Cold Fusion Tritium -and- Lab Hasn't Confirmed Cold Fusion, in Monitor. 1989.
First Author: Press, A.
538. Price, P.B., et al., Search for energetic-charged-particle emission from deuterated Ti and Pd foils. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989. 63(18): p. 1926.
First Author: Price, P. B.
539. Rabinowitz, M., A theoretical framework for cold fusion mechanisms. IEEE Power Eng. Rev., 1989(November): p. 9.
First Author: Rabinowitz, M.
540. Radhakrishnan, T.P., et al., Search for Electrochemically Catalysed Fusion of Deuterons in Metal Lattice, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 5.
First Author: Radhakrishnan, T. P.
541. Radhakrishnan, T.P., et al., Tritium Generation during Electrolysis Experiment, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 6.
First Author: Radhakrishnan, T. P.
In continuation of the earlier R&D work carried out in connection with the investigations for electrochemically induced fusion of deuterons using palladium cathode and platinum anode, a series of experiments was carried out.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Radhakrishtritiumgen.pdf
First Author: Rafelski, J.
543. Ragheb, M. and G.H. Miley, On the possibility of deuteron disintegration in electrochemically compressed deuterium ion (D+) in a palladium cathode. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 243.
First Author: Ragheb, M.
544. Raj, P., et al., Search for Nuclear Fusion in Gas Phase Deuteriding of Titanium Metal, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. B 1.
First Author: Raj, P.
The possibility of D-D nuclear fusion in some deuterium-metal systems, under ambient conditions, has aroused feverish worldwide interest. Most of the work reported, so far, concerns deuterium charging of Pd metal through electrolysis of D2O. In the Chemistry Division, we have carried out some experiments on the deuteriding behaviour of Ti metal, through gaseous route, in the absorption as well as desorption modes, with the view to look for the fusion products, neutrons in the present case. These kinds of experiments have been reported by Frascatti Group in Italy. These authors detected neutron emission lasting over a period of several hours.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RajPsearchforn.pdf
First Author: Rajagopalan, S. R.
546. Rangarajan, S.K., Electrochemically induced cold fusion? A commentary. Curr. Sci., 1989. 58: p. 598.
First Author: Rangarajan, S. K.
547. Rao, K.A., Technique for Concentration of Helium in Electrolytic Gases for Cold Fusion Studies, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. A 11.
First Author: Rao, K. A.
548. Ratkje, S.K. and B. Hafskjold, Local heat effects by electrolysis of heavy water. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1989. 273: p. 269.
First Author: Ratkje, S. K.
549. Rice, R.A., et al., The Effect of Velocity Distribution on Cold Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion. 1989.
First Author: Rice, R. A.
550. Richards, P.M., Molecular-Dynamics Investigation of Deuterium Separation in PdD1.1. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40(11): p. 7966.
First Author: Richards, P. M.
551. Richards, P.M., Molecular-dynamics investigation of deuteron separation in PdD1.1. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40: p. 7966.
First Author: Richards, P. M.
552. Roessler, O.E., et al., Fermi gas like hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons experiments. Z. Naturforsch. A, 1989. 44: p. 329.
First Author: Roessler, O. E.
553. Roessler, O.E., et al., Fermi Gas Like Hypothesis for Fleischmann-Pons Experiment. Z. Nature. A, 1989. 44: p. 329.
First Author: Roessler, O. E.
554. Rogers, V.C. and G.M. Sandquist, Isotopic hydrogen fusion in metals. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 254.
First Author: Rogers, V. C.
555. Rogers, V.C., G.M. Sandquist, and K.K. Nielson, Deuterium concentration and cold fusion rate distributions in palladium. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 523.
First Author: Rogers, V. C.
556. Rosen, G., Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1989. 91(7): p. 4415.
First Author: Rosen, G.
557. Ross, K. and S.M. Bennington, Solid state fusion (?). Physics World, 1989. 2: p. 15.
First Author: Ross, K.
558. Rout, R.K., M. Srinivasan, and A. Shyam, Autoradiography of Deuterated Ti and Pd Targets for Spatially Resolved Detection of Tritium Produced by Cold Fusion, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. B 3.
First Author: Rout, R. K.
Introduction For the last few months, hectic activity has been underway in various laboratories to study the Cold Fusion phenomenon. De Ninno et al. reported emission of neutrons from titanium metal loaded with deuterium gas under pressure. Similar experiments have been conducted at Trombay. We report here evidence of cold fusion in D2 gas loaded Ti and Pd targets through the use of autoradiography for spatially resolved detection of tritium. Our study employed three different techniques to observe tritium:
(i) Autoradiography using X-ray films.
(ii) Characteristic X-ray measurement of titanium, excited by the tritium β.
(iii) Liquid scintillation method for tritium β counting.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKautoradiog.pdf
First Author: Rusov, V. D.
560. Ruzic, D.N., K. Schatz, and P.L. Nguyen, A novel apparatus to investigate the possibility of plasma-assisted cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 251.
First Author: Ruzic, D. N.
561. Ryan, R.R., et al., Exploration of the Possibility of Fracturing Processes of Metal Deuterides (or Tritides) as a Mechanism for Nuclear Fusion. 1989.
First Author: Ryan, R. R.
562. Sanchez, C., et al. Cold Fusion During Electrolysis of Heavy Water With Ti and Pt Electrodes. in Understanding Cold Fusion Phenomena. 1989. Varenna.
First Author: Sanchez, C.
563. Sanchez, C., et al., Nuclear products detection during electrolysis of heavy water with titanium and platinum electrodes. Solid State Commun., 1989. 71: p. 1039.
First Author: Sanchez, C.
564. Santhanam, K.S.V., et al., Electrochemically initiated cold fusion of deuterium. Indian J. Technol., 1989. 27: p. 175.
First Author: Santhanam, K. S. V.
565. Santhanam, K.S.V., et al., Excess enthalpy during electrolysis of D2O. Curr. Sci., 1989. 58: p. 1139.
First Author: Santhanam, K. S. V.
566. Sastry, K.S.R., Fusion reaction. Science, 1989. 244: p. 904 (Letters).
First Author: Sastry, K. S. R.
567. Scalia, A., The Nuclear Fusion for the Reactions 2H (d,n) 3He, 2H (d,p) 3H, 3H (d,n) 4 He. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 101(5): p. 795.
First Author: Scalia, A.
568. Schirber, J.E., et al., Search for cold fusion in high-pressure deuterium-loaded titanium and palladium metal and deuteride. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 397.
First Author: Schirber, J. E.
569. Schneider, J.H., How a rectangular potential in Schroedinger's equation could explain some experimental results on cold nuclear fusion. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 377.
First Author: Schneider, J. H.
570. Schommers, W. and C. Politis, Cold fusion in condensed matter: is a theoretical description in terms of usual solid state physics possible? Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3(8): p. 597.
First Author: Schommers, W.
571. Schrieder, G., H. Wipf, and A. Richter, Search for cold nuclear fusion in palladium-deuterium. Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 1989. 76: p. 141.
First Author: Schrieder, G.
572. Schultze, J.W., et al., Prospects and problems of electrochemically induced cold nuclear fusion. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34: p. 1289.
First Author: Schultze, J. W.
573. Scott, C.D., et al., A preliminary investigation of cold fusion by electrolysis of heavy water. 1989: Oak Ridge.
First Author: Scott, C. D.
574. Seeliger, D., et al., Search for DD-fusion neutrons during heavy water electrolysis. Electrochim. Acta, 1989. 34(7): p. 991.
First Author: Seeliger, D.
575. Segre, S.E., et al., A Search for Neutron Emission from Deuterated Palladium. 1989.
First Author: Segre, S. E.
576. Seitz, R., Fusion in from the cold?" (section editor's title). Nature (London), 1989. 339: p. 185.
First Author: Seitz, R.
577. Service, A.W., New Tomorrow Dawns As LANL Confirms Cold Fusion, in The New Mexican. 1989: Santa FeEditor.
First Author: Service, A. W.
578. Shani, G., et al., Evidence for a background neutron enhanced fusion in deuterium absorbed palladium. Solid State Commun., 1989. 72(1): p. 53.
First Author: Shani, G.
579. Shapovalov, V.L., Test for additional heat evolution in electrolysis of heavy water with palladium cathode. JETP, 1989. 50: p. 117.
First Author: Shapovalov, V. L.
580. Shaw, G.L., et al., Scenario for cold fusion by free quark catalysis. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1989. 102: p. 1441.
First Author: Shaw, G. L.
581. Shibab-Eldin, A.A., et al., Cold fusion: effects of possible narrow nuclear resonance. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1989. 3: p. 965.
First Author: Shibab-Eldin, A. A.
582. Shimamura, I., Intramolecular nuclear fusion in hydrogen-isotope molecules. Prog. Theor. Phys., 1989. 82: p. 304.
First Author: Shimamura, I.
583. Shrikhande, V.K. and K.C. Mittal, Deuteration of Machined Titanium Targets for Cold Fusion Experiments, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. B 2.
First Author: Shrikhande, V. K.
Cold fusion experiments were initiated with solid targets made from titanium loaded with deuterium gas on receipt of reports of the successful Frascati experiments1. The absorption of deuterium by Ti is a reversible process and when titanium is heated in a deuterium atmosphere, the reaction will continue until the concentration of deuterium in the metal attains an equilibrium value. This equilibrium value depends on the specimen temperature and the pressure of the surrounding deuterium atmosphere. Any imposed temperature or pressure change causes rejection or absorption of deuterium until a new equilibrium state is achieved. If the surface of titanium is clean, the rate of absorption increases rapidly with temperature. At temperatures above 500C, the equilibrium is achieved in a matter of a few seconds. However deuterium absorption is considerably reduced if the surface of Ti is contaminated with oxygen. Keeping in view these facts, a procedure was evolved for titanium target preparation and subsequent deuteration. The following sections describe the details of preparation of the targets, their chemical cleaning and degassing followed by deuteration process.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Shrikhandedeuteratio.pdf
First Author: Shyam, A.
585. Sinha, B., et al., Observations of neutron bursts in electrolysis of heavy water. Indian J. Technol., 1989. 27: p. 275.
First Author: Sinha, B.
586. Sioda, R.E., Heat effects during room-temperature electrolysis of deuterium oxide. Bull. Electrochem., 1989. 5(12): p. 902.
First Author: Sioda, R. E.
587. Slanina, Z., Towards molecular-thermodynamic aspects of postulated Pd/D low-temperature nuclear fusion: a useful example of a failure of the conventional translation partition function. Thermochim. Acta, 1989. 156: p. 285.
First Author: Slanina, Z.
588. Speiser, B. and A. Rieker, Energy from electrochemically induced nuclear fusion? Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab., 1989. 37: p. 616 (in German).
First Author: Speiser, B.
589. Stacey Jr., W.M., Reactor prospects of muon-catalyzed fusion of deuterium and tritium concentrated in transition metals. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 268.
First Author: Stacey Jr., W. M.
590. Stiff, D., Theories on Cold Fusion Abound, in The Wall Street Journal. 1989: New YorkEditor. p. B4.
First Author: Stiff, D.
591. Sun, Z. and D. Tomanek, Cold fusion: how close can deuterium atoms come inside palladium? Phys. Rev. Lett., 1989. 63(1): p. 59.
First Author: Sun, Z.
592. Sundqvist, B.U.R., et al., On the observation of charged particles in cold fusion. Phys. Scr., 1989. 40: p. 303.
First Author: Sundqvist, B. U. R.
593. Szalewicz, K., J.D. Morgan, and H.J. Monkhurst, Fusion rates for hydrogen isotopic molecules of relevance for 'cold fusion'. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1989. 40(5): p. 2824.
First Author: Szalewicz, K.
594. Szklarczyk, M., R.C. Kainthla, and J. Bockris, On the Dielectric Breakdown of Water: An Electrochemical Approach. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1989. 136: p. 2512.
First Author: Szklarczyk, M.
The dielectric breakdown of water under static fields has been studied by i-V relation for 6 metals. The relations are quasi-linear up to a current density of a few A/cm^2. The limiting current continues for a few volts to a few hundred volts, depending on the metal. a glow develops at the electrode and becomes continuous at the end of the plateau, where the cd increases irregularly(breakdown). The breakdown potential does not depend on the field in the water. It occurs at about the same cd for most metals. When electrolytes are added, the cell potential at the breakdown is increased. Adsorbed layers and organic coatings increase the breakdown potential. Electrical energy storage in water is increased by ~10 times by coatings. The breakdown potential decreases with increase of the log of rate constant for H evolution on the various electrodes and with corresponding work function. The cell potentials for breakdown correspond to fields in the dielectric below that needed to dissociate it. The limiting current is caused by the formation of a H2-steam layer at the interface, which causes increase in the electrode potential at constant current. The H2-steam layer plasmolyzes. When the Fermi level in the cathode reaches the conduction band of water, electrons enter the water and remain stable therein. They interact nonadiabatically with water and are .the head of streamers. An analogous model holds for holes in the valence band. "Dielectric breakdown" depends on the Fermi level of the electrons in the condenser plate and the semiconductor characteristics of water. It can be eliminated by modifying the electrode surface.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Szklarczykonthediele.pdf
First Author: Takahashi, A.
596. Takahashi, Y., Present status and future problems of cold nuclear fusion. Kagaku Kogaku, 1989. 53: p. 608 (In Japanese).
First Author: Takahashi, Y.
597. Takata, N., et al., A preliminary attempt to measure neutrons from cold fusion. Denshi Gijutsu Kenkyusho Iho, 1989. 53: p. 1438 (in Japanese).
First Author: Takata, N.
598. Takeda, T. and T. Takizuka, Fractofusion mechanism. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1989. 58(9): p. 3073.
First Author: Takeda, T.
599. Talcott, C.L., et al. Tritium Measurements: Methods, Pitfalls, and Result. in EPRI/NSF Planning Workshop. 1989. Washington, DC.
First Author: Talcott, C. L.
600. Talley, T.L. Nuclear weapon Implications of "Cold" Fusion. in The 7th Biennial Nuclear Design Phys. Conf. 1989. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.
First Author: Talley, T. L.
601. Talley, T.L., Importance of Tritium Experiments. 1989.
First Author: Talley, T. L.
602. Taniguchi, R., T. Yamamoto, and S. Irie, Detection of charged particles emitted by electrolytically induced cold nuclear fusion. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1989. 28(11): p. L2021.
First Author: Taniguchi, R.
This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
We have tried to obtain evidence for electrolytically induced cold nuclear fusion by detecting charged particles associated with the nuclear reaction. Charged particles were detected by a conventional silicon surface barrier detector attached close to the thin foil cathode which formed the bottom of an electrolysis cell. The efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio of this system are higher than those of neutron detection systems, which made it easy to determine whether the fusion occurred or not. The energy spectrum measured with the electrolysis of D2O suggested that the nuclear reaction took place in palladium cathode.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TaniguchiRdetectiono.pdf
First Author: Timashev, S. F.
604. Tomas, P., et al., Deuterium nuclear fusion in metals at room temperature. Fizika (Zagreb), 1989. 21: p. 209.
First Author: Tomas, P.
605. Trower, W.P., Cold Fusion As Seen With X-Ray Vision. Physics Today, 1989. July: p. 13.
First Author: Trower, W. P.
606. Turner, L., Thoughts Unbottled by Cold Fusion. Phys. Today, 1989. Sept.: p. 140.
First Author: Turner, L.
607. Vaidya, S.N. and Y.S. Mayya, The Role of Combined Electron-Deuteron Screening in D-D Fusion in Metals, in BARC Studies in Cold Fusion, P.K. Iyengar and M. Srinivasan, Editors. 1989, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay. p. C 3.
First Author: Vaidya, S. N.
608. Vaidya, S.N. and Y.S. Mayya, Theory of screening-enhanced D-D fusion in metals. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Lett., Part 2, 1989. 28(12): p. 2258.
First Author: Vaidya, S. N.
609. Vaidya, S.N. and Y.S. Mayya, The role of combined electron-deuteron screening in deuteron-deuteron fusion in metals. Pramana, 1989. 33: p. L343.
First Author: Vaidya, S. N.
610. Vaiman, L.A., et al., Observation of reactions in cold fusion during sorption or desorption of deuterium from palladium from the gas phase. Akad. Nauk USSR, Fiz.-Mat. Nauk, 1989(6): p. 62 (in Russian).
First Author: Vaiman, L. A.
611. Van, J., Scientists Try to Put Chill on Cold Fusion, in Chicago Tribune. 1989: ChicagoEditor.
First Author: Van, J.
612. Vaselli, M., et al., Screening effect of impurities in metals: a possible explanation of the process of cold nuclear fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. D, 1989. 11(6): p. 927.
First Author: Vaselli, M.
613. Vijh, A.K. and A. Belanger, Electrocatalysis of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Metals and Silver-Palladium Alloys in Relation to Their Electronic Configuration. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1989. 11: p. 147.
First Author: Vijh, A. K.
614. Wada, N. and K. Nishizawa, Nuclear fusion in solid. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1989. 28(11): p. L2017.
First Author: Wada, N.
This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
Spontaneous neutron emissions were intermittently detected from activated palladium rods well soaked with deuterium gas in a closed glass bulb. By the stimulation of the palladium rods with a high voltage discharge between the rods, a burst of neutron flux 2 10^4 times larger than background was detected. Atoms or molecules of mass number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were found in the residual gas. Nuclear fusion in solid is interpreted in terms of the supersaturation of the solid solution of deuterium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WadaNnuclearfus.pdf
First Author: Walling, C.
616. Wang, X.W., S.G. Louie, and M.L. Cohen, Hydrogen interactions in PdHn (1 <= n <= 4). Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1989. 40(8): p. 5822.
First Author: Wang, X. W.
617. Wenzl, H., Fruitless experiments to prove 'cold nuclear fusion'. Phys. Bl., 1989. 45: p. 408(In German).
First Author: Wenzl, H.
618. Werle, H., et al., Trials to induce neutron emission from a titanium-deuterium system. Fusion Technol., 1989. 16: p. 391.
First Author: Werle, H.
619. Williams, D.E.G., et al., Upper bounds on 'cold fusion' in electrolytic cells. Nature (London), 1989. 342: p. 375.
First Author: Williams, D. E. G.
620. Wolf, K.L., et al. A Search for Neutrons and Gamma Rays Associated with Tritium Production in Deuterated Metals. in NSF/EPRI Workshop on Anomalous Effects in Deuterated Metals. 1989. Washington, DC.
First Author: Wolf, K. L.
621. Wu, C.K., et al., Experimental observation of lack of room temperature fusion between palladium and heavy water. Hua Hsueh, 1989. 47(2): p. 139 (in Chinese).
First Author: Wu, C. K.
622. Yagi, M., et al., Measurement of neutron emission from a SiO2-D2 system. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1989. 137(6): p. 421.
First Author: Yagi, M.
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624. Yan, X., et al., Room temperature deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction rate - a strong- -coupling plasma model. Chin. Phys. Lett., 1989. 6: p. 343.
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626. Yaroslavskii, M.A., Nuclear reactions induced by temperature changes and phase transitions in solids. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 307: p. 600 (in Russian).
First Author: Yaroslavskii, M. A.
627. Yaroslavskii, M.A., Possible mechanism for the initiation of nuclear reactions during temperature changes and phase transitions in condensed materials. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1989. 308: p. 95 (in Russian).
First Author: Yaroslavskii, M. A.
628. Yoshihara, K., T. Sekine, and T. Braun, An attempt to detect fracto-fusion during microwave irradiation of D2O loaded silica gel. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1989. 137: p. 333.
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629. Zahm, L.L., et al., Experimental Investigations of the Electrolysis of D2O Using Pd and Pt Electrodes. 1989.
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630. Zak, J., Low-temperature fusion of light nuclei in the Fleischmann-Pons reaction. Inz. Aparat. Chem., 1989. 28(5): p. (in Polish).
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631. Zakharova, V.P. and G.A. Kotel'nikov, To the question of cold nuclear fusion. Atom. Tekh. za Rubez., 1989. 9: p. 28 (in Russian).
First Author: Zakharova, V. P.
632. Zelentsov, V.V., New but well forgotten [matters]. Koord. Khim., 1989. 19: p. 1296 (in Russian).
First Author: Zelentsov, V. V.
633. Zhu, S.B., J. Lee, and G.W. Robinson, Kinetic energy imbalance in inhomogeneous materials. Chem. Phys. Lett., 1989. 161: p. 249.
First Author: Zhu, S. B.
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First Author: Ziegler, J. F.
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636. Abell, G.C., et al., Helium release from aged palladium tritide. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41(2): p. 1220.
First Author: Abell, G. C.
637. Aberdam, D., et al., Limits on neutron emission following deuterium absorption into palladium and titanium. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990. 65(10): p. 1196.
First Author: Aberdam, D.
638. AbuTaha, A.F., Cold fusion - engineering perspectives. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 391.
First Author: AbuTaha, A. F.
639. AbuTaha, A.F., Cold fusion - the heat mechanism. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 345.
First Author: AbuTaha, A. F.
640. Adler, P.N., R.L. Schulte, and H. Margolin, Deuterium surface segregation in titanium alloys. Metal. Trans., 1990. 21A: p. 2003.
First Author: Adler, P. N.
641. Adzic, R.R., et al. Tritium Measurements and Deuterium Loading in D2O Electrolysis With a Palladium Cathode. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Adzic, R. R.
Measurements have been performed to check on the Fleischmann-Pons (F-P) phenomena. They involved 1) measurements of tritium in the cell solution and the gas above it; and 2) determination of the D/Pd ratio by coulometry. Enhancement of tritium in the D2O solution was found in these two open glass cells, as well as in another four cells with Ni-anodes. The largest enhancement factor found was ~50. The neutron measurements were inconclusive.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/AdzicRRtritiummea.pdf
First Author: Affatato, S.
643. Agnello, M., et al. Search for Neutron Emission in Titanium-Deuterium Systems. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Agnello, M.
644. Aiello, S., et al., Nuclear fusion experiment in palladium charged by deuterium gas. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 115.
First Author: Aiello, S.
645. Albagli, D., et al., Measurement and analysis of neutron and gamma-ray emission rates, other fusion products, and power in electrochemical cells having Pd cathodes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 133.
First Author: Albagli, D.
646. Alberg, M.A., et al., Upper limits to fusion rates of isotopic hydrogen molecules in palladium. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 41: p. 2544.
First Author: Alberg, M. A.
647. Aleksan, R., et al., Limits on electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium by neutron flux measurements. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 234: p. 389.
First Author: Aleksan, R.
648. Alessandrello, A., et al., Search for cold fusion induced by electrolysis in palladium. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. A103: p. 1617.
First Author: Alessandrello, A.
649. Altaiskii, M.V., et al., Fluctuational enhancement of quantum mechanical and wave barrier penetrability and some physical consequences. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1990. 52(1): p. 78 (in Russian).
First Author: Altaiskii, M. V.
650. Amato, I., Cold Fusion Saga: Trials and Tribulations. Science News, 1990. 137(24): p. 374.
First Author: Amato, I.
651. Amato, I., If Not Cold Fusion, Try Fracto-Fusion? Science News, 1990. 137: p. 87.
First Author: Amato, I.
652. Amato, I., Cold Fusion:Wanted Dead And Alive, in Science News. 1990. p. 14.
First Author: Amato, I.
653. Andermann, G. Theoretical Model for Low Temperature Nuclear Events. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Andermann, G.
654. Andermann, G. A New Theoretical Model (Nu-Q) for Rationalizing Electrochemically Induced Nuclear Events Observed in Deuterium Loaded Pd Cathodes. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Andermann, G.
A model is proposed based on di-neutrons. NUt to rationalize most of the high energy and some of the low energy events observed in electrochemically induced . cold fusion'. Using pressure induced electron capture (EC) by deuterons as the triggering mechanism for the creation of NUt this model calls for the absorption of Nu by deuterons. creating a highly unstable isotope Quatrium. Q*, which decays instantly to yield tri tium and neutrons. Because of electron spin considerations the dominant EC mechanism is shown to yield two kinds of Nu. namely, a low lying NUL and a less stable higher lying Nu H. Thus. the Nu-Q* mechanism is shown to yield a doublet in the gamma ray spectrum. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=314
First Author: Anderson, D. M.
656. Anderson, J., et al., Letters and Response about Cold Fusion at Texas A&M. Science, 1990. 249: p. 463-465.
First Author: Anderson, J.
657. Anderson, R.E., et al. Neutron Measurements in Search of Cold Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Anderson, R. E.
658. Anderson, R.E. and S.E. Jones. Comments on an Experiment at Yale on Cold Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Anderson, R. E.
659. Anghaie, S., P. Froelich, and H.J. Monkhurst, On fusion/fission chain reactions in the Fleischmann-Pons 'cold fusion' experiment. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 500.
First Author: Anghaie, S.
660. Antonov, A.V., et al., An attempt to observe cold thermonuclear fusion during the electrolysis of heavy water. Sov. Phys. Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990(5): p. 52.
First Author: Antonov, A. V.
661. Appleby, A.J., et al. Anomalous Calorimetric Results During Long-Term Evolution of Deuterium on Palladium from Alkaline Deuteroxide Electrolyte. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Appleby, A. J.
Convincing evidence of anomalous thermal fluxes from palladium cathodes in LiOD solutions is provided. When combined with other evidence for tritium formation, these argue for the existence of solid state nuclear processes in this system. Compared with previous work, effects are only seen at a relatively low level, and they appear to decrease with decreasing electrode surface/volume ratio. They are also observed in a sealed cell with internal gas recombination, which requires no thermodynamic corrections. The effect of lithium ion is seen to be specific, and the effect seems to involve only the palladium surface layers.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ApplebyAJanomalousc.pdf
First Author: Arata, Y.
663. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, Achievement of intense 'cold' fusion reaction. Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, 1990. 66: p. 1.
First Author: Arata, Y.
664. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, Corroborating evidence for 'cold' fusion reaction. Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, 1990. 66(B): p. 110.
First Author: Arata, Y.
665. Arnikar, H.J., 'Cold fusion' - a misnomer. Indian J. Chem. Sci., 1990. 4: p. 65.
First Author: Arnikar, H. J.
666. Attas, E.M., et al., Solar flares and 'cold fusion'. Nature (London), 1990. 344: p. 390.
First Author: Attas, E. M.
667. Ault, M.R., Cold fusion: the story behind the headlines. Radiat. Prot. Manage., 1990. 8((3)): p. 49.
First Author: Ault, M. R.
668. Azbel, M.Y., Possibility of cold fusion. Solid State Commun., 1990. 76(2): p. 127.
First Author: Azbel, M. Ya.
669. Babu, K.S.C., et al., On the formation of palladium deuteride and its relationship to suspected cold fusion. Adv. Hydrogen Energy, 1990. 8 Hydrogen Energy Prog. VIII, Vol. 2): p. 1051.
First Author: Babu, K. S. C.
670. Baldo, M., R. Pucci, and P.F. Bortignon, Relaxation toward equilibrium in plasmon-enhanced fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 347.
First Author: Baldo, M.
671. Balke, B., et al., Limits on neutron emission from 'cold fusion' in metal hydrides. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. C42: p. 30.
First Author: Balke, B.
672. Baranowski, B., et al., Search for 'cold fusion' in some Me-D systems at high pressures of gaseous deuterium. J. Less-Common Met., 1990. 158: p. 347.
First Author: Baranowski, B.
673. Barker, W.A., Electrostatic voltage excitation process and apparatus. 1990: US 4,961,880.
First Author: Barker, W. A.
674. Barut, A.O., Prediction of new tightly-bound states of H2+ (D2+) and 'cold fusion' experiments. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1990. 15: p. 907.
First Author: Barut, A. O.
675. Barwick, S.W., et al., Search for 0.8 MeV (3)He nuclei emitted from Pd and Ti exposed to high pressure D2. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 273.
First Author: Barwick, S. W.
676. Bashkirov, Y.A., et al., Observation of neutron emission from electrolysis of heavy water. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(19): p. 51 (in Russian).
First Author: Bashkirov, Yu. A.
677. Bass, R.W. On Empirical System ID, Possible External Electromagnetic/Electronuclear Stimulation/Actuation and Automatic Feedback Control of Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Bass, R. W.
This paper reviews some basic results from modern systems theory, which may prove useful to experimenters researching the cold fusion phenomenon from the point of view of attempting to learn how to stimulate, initiate, regulate, control by command at will, and terminate excess enthalpy, rate of tritium production, neutron count, etc.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BassRWonempirica.pdf
First Author: Bazhutov, Y.
679. Bellini, M., L. Casetti, and M. Rosa-Clot, Nuclear Fusion in Excited Hydrogen Molecules. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl., 1990. 337: p. 207.
First Author: Bellini, M.
680. Belov, A.S., V.E. Kusik, and Y.V. Ryabov, The nuclear fusion for the reactions (2)H(d,n)(3)He,(2)H(d,gamma)(4)He at low deuterons energy and 'cold' nuclear fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. A103: p. 1647.
First Author: Belov, A. S.
681. Belzner, A., et al., Two fast mixed-conductor systems: deuterium and hydrogen in palladium - thermal measurements and experimental considerations. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 219.
First Author: Belzner, A.
682. Belzner, A., et al., Recent results on mixed conductors containing hydrogen or deuterium. Solid State Ionics, 1990. 40/41: p. 519.
First Author: Belzner, A.
683. Bennington, S.M., et al., In-situ measurements of deuterium uptake into a palladium electrode using time-of-flight neutron diffractometry. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 281: p. 323.
First Author: Bennington, S. M.
684. Bernabei, R., et al., Neutron monitoring during evolution of deuteride precipitation in Nb, Ta and Ti. Solid State Commun., 1990. 76: p. 815.
First Author: Bernabei, R.
685. Berrondo, M. Computer Simulation of D Atoms in a Pd Lattice. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Berrondo, M.
686. Bertin, A., et al., First experimental results at the Gran Sasso Laboratory on cold nuclear fusion in titanium electrodes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 209.
First Author: Bertin, A.
687. Besenbacher, F., et al., Search for cold fusion in plasma-charged Pd-D and Ti-D systems. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 315.
First Author: Besenbacher, F.
688. Besenbacher, F., et al., Interaction of hydrogen isotopes with metals: deuterium trapped at lattice defects in palladium. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 257.
First Author: Besenbacher, F.
689. Beuhler, R.J., G. Friedlander, and L. Friedman, Cluster-Impact Fusion. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990. 63: p. 1292.
First Author: Beuhler, R. J.
690. Birgul, O., et al., Electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium using surface modified palladium electrodes. J. Eng. Env. Sci., 1990. 14(3): p. 373.
First Author: Birgul, O.
691. Bishop, J.E., Cold Fusion' Chemists Reiterate Claim; Other Scientists Report Similar Results, in Wall Street Journal. 1990: New YorkEditor. p. B4.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
692. Bishop, J.E., 'Cold Fusion' Gets Cold Shoulder From Many a Year After Findings, in The Wall Street Journal. 1990: NYEditor.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
693. Bishop, J.E., Cold Fusion' May Keep Earth's Core Molten, in Wall Street Journal. 1990: New YorkEditor. p. B1.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
694. Bishop, J.E., Future of Hot Fusion is Boiling Down to the Behavior of a Few Helium Atoms, in Wall Street Journal. 1990: New YorkEditor. p. B1.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
695. Bishop, J.E., Scientist Says `Cold Fusion' Tests May Have Had Some Impure Rods, in Wall Street Journal. 1990: New YorkEditor.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
696. Bishop, J.E., Cold Fusion Research Dispels Some Doubts, in The Wall Street Journal. 1990.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
697. Bittner, M., et al., Method for investigation of fusion reactions in condensed matter. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 120.
First Author: Bittner, M.
698. Blencoe, J.G., et al., Tests for 'cold fusion' in the Pd-D2 and Ti-D2 systems at 40-380 MPa and -196-27 degC. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 149.
First Author: Blencoe, J. G.
699. Bockris, J., About the alleged presence of tritium in some palladium electrodes and journalist Gary Taubes article in Science. 1990.
First Author: Bockris, J.
700. Bockris, J., The Answer to the Conundrum at Texas A & M: Accusations of Fraud in an Article Published by "Science. 1990.
First Author: Bockris, J.
701. Bockris, J., Addition to 'A review of the investigations of the Fleischmann-Pons phenomena'. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 523.
First Author: Bockris, J.
702. Bockris, J. and D. Hodko. Is There Evidence for Fusion Under Solid State Confinement. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Bockris, J.
703. Bockris, J. and D. Hodko, Is there evidence for cold fusion? Chem. & Ind., 1990. 22: p. 688.
First Author: Bockris, J.
704. Bockris, J., et al. Does Tritium Form at Electrodes by Nuclear Reactions? in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Bockris, J.
This paper reports tritium formed in LiOD D2O solutions in which Pd cathodes are used to evolve D2 . Electrolysis was carried out for up to 4 months. Excess heat has been observed from 5 electrodes out of 28, tritium in 15 out of 53 but 9 out of 13 if the electrodes are limited to 1 mm diameter. Steady state tritium concentrations were 10^4-10^7 disintegrations min^-1 ml^-1. A weak correlation may exist between heat observed and tritium produced. The rate of production of tritium was c. 10^10 atoms cm^-2 sec-1. The branching ratio of tritium to neutrons was ~ 10^8.
A theoretical dendrite enhanced fusion model is suggested. Growing gas layer breakdown occurs at sufficiently high surface potential dendrite tips and correspondingly fusion reactions occur. The model gives quantitative consistence with experiment, especially the sporadic nature and the observed branching ratio.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BockrisJdoestritiu.pdf
First Author: Bockris, J.
706. Bonazzola, G.C., et al., A large-area neutron detector based on double scattering. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1990. A299: p. 25.
First Author: Bonazzola, G. C.
707. Bosch, H.S., et al., Electrochemical cold fusion trials at IPP Garching. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 165.
First Author: Bosch, H. S.
708. Bowman, M.G., A Proposed Pathway for Cold Fusion Reactions. 1990: Letter.
First Author: Bowman, M. G.
709. Boya, L.J., Possible mechanisms for cold fusion in deuterated palladium. An. Fis., Ser. B, 1990. 86(2): p. 221.
First Author: Boya, L. J.
710. Bracci, L., G. Fiorentini, and G. Mezzorani, Nuclear fusion in molecular systems. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 1990. 16: p. 83.
First Author: Bracci, L.
711. Bracci, L., G. Fiorentini, and G. Mezzorani, A Dynamical Calculation of the Electron Shielding for d-d Fusion. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 146(3): p. 128.
First Author: Bracci, L.
712. Briand, J.P. Is There Any Deuterium in Dr. Jone's Titanium Foils? in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Briand, J. P.
713. Briand, J.P., et al., Cold fusion rates in titanium foils. Phys. Lett., 1990. A145(4): p. 187.
First Author: Briand, J. P.
714. Briand, J.P. and M. Froment, La fusion 'froide' dix-huit mois apres" (Cold fusion, 18 months later). Recherche, 1990. 21: p. 1282.
First Author: Briand, J. P.
715. Brind, J., letter. Science News, 1990: p. 163.
First Author: Brind, J.
716. Britz, D., Cold fusion: an historical parallel. Centaurus, 1990. 33: p. 368.
First Author: Britz, D.
717. Broad, W.J., Cold Fusion Claimants Review Puzzling Results, in The New York Times. 1990: NYEditor. p. 8.
First Author: Broad, W. J.
718. Broad, W.J., Cold Fusion Still Escapes Usual Checks of Science, in New York Times. 1990: New YorkEditor. p. B5 and B9.
First Author: Broad, W. J.
719. Broad, W.J., Scientist Defends Cold Fusion Work, in The New York Times. 1990: NYEditor.
First Author: Broad, W. J.
720. Brown, T., A Selective, Annotated Bibliography No. 7. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Lett., 1990. 145: p. 385-388.
First Author: Brown, T.
721. Brudanin, V.B., et al., Does cold nuclear fusion exist? Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 146: p. 347.
First Author: Brudanin, V. B.
722. Brudanin, V.B., et al., Once more about cold nuclear fusion. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 146: p. 351.
First Author: Brudanin, V. B.
723. Brudanin, V.B., et al., Search for the cold fusion d(d,(4)He) in electrolysis of D2O. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 151(9): p. 543.
First Author: Brudanin, V. B.
724. Budnikov, A.T., et al., Study of gases evolving from palladium, nickel and copper, bombarded with D+ ions, from palladium saturated with gases by heavy water electrolysis and by heating in deuterium. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1990(1): p. 81 (in Russian).
First Author: Budnikov, A. T.
725. Bullock, J.S., G.L. Powell, and D.P. Hutchinson, Electrochemical factors in cold fusion experiments. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 275.
First Author: Bullock, J. S.
726. Bunch, K.J. and R.W. Grow. Electric Field Distribution of the Palladium Crystal Lattice. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Bunch, K. J.
Palladium has always been a metal of interest for its hydrogen absorption qualities [lJ and, more recently, for its use in cold fusion experiments [2J. An atomic model of the metallic crystal would give a better overall understanding of the palladium-hydrogen system. Unfortunately, a computer simulation of the wave mechanical properties of palladium based on solving the three-dimensional Schrodinger equation is a major undertaking [3, 4J that is probably unnecessary for calculating many useful character istics of palladium. A simpler approach, based on a Thomas-Fermi model [5J for palladium, is proposed by the authors. This semiclassical model averages the effects of all the electrons within an atom to approximate the electric field distribution everywhere. Overlapping these distr ibutions approximates the electric fields within the palladium crystal. This model predicts a crystal that is a bit too stiff, but overall it gives reasonable results; it is also simple to use. It is expected that this model will broaden the understanding of the interaction of hydrogen with palladium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=262
First Author: Busch, M. P.
728. Bush, R.T. The TRM (Transmission Resonance Model) for Cold Fusion Fits Calorimetric Data on the Pons-Fleischmann Effect and Suggests Solutions to Nuclear "Anomalies". in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
729. Bush, R.T. Isotopic Mass Shifts in Cathodically-Driven Palladium Via Neutron Transfer Suggested by the Transmission Resonance Model to Explicate Enhanced Fusion Phenomena (Hot and Cold) Within a Deuterared Metrix. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
Abstract: The transmission resonance model previously presented by the author [3] to explicate cold fusion phenomena is now extended to treat the full range of enhanced fusion phenomena, from "hot" to "cold", within a deuterated matrix. Such seemingly disparate effects as low-level neutron emission, tritium production, the Pons-Fleischmann effect ( i.e. ,excess heat production in electrolytic cold fusion) [1],[2], and "cluster-impact" fusion (i.e., hot fusion within a lattice), may share a commonality as enhanced fusion phenomena resulting from the resonant transmission of de Broglie waves within a deuterated matrix . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=232
First Author: Bush, R. T.
731. Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton, A Cold Fusion Model that Matches Experimental Data. 21st Century Sci. & Technol., 1990. 3(3): p. 21, 62.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
732. Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton, 'Cold nuclear fusion': A hypothetical model to probe an elusive phenomenon. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 397.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
733. Bushuev, V.S., et al., Some results obtained by detecting nuclear radiation during heavy-water electrolysis. Sov. Phys. Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990(5): p. 57.
First Author: Bushuev, V. S.
734. Byung, J.H., Cold nuclear fusion. Hwahak Kwa Kongop Ui Chinbo, 1990. 30: p. 86 (in Korean).
First Author: Byung, J. H.
735. Carstens, D.H.W., An Apparatus for Studies of Hydrogen Isotope Exchange over Metals Using Laser-Raman Spectroscopy. 1990: Los Alamos.
First Author: Carstens, D. H. W.
736. Case, M. and R. Boehm. Assessment of thermal energy output from electrochemical cells - a critical review. in HDT (Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.) 151 (Heat Transfer Adv. Energy Syst.). 1990.
First Author: Case, M.
737. Cecil, F.E., et al., Study of energetic charged particles emitted from thin deuterated palladium foils subject to high current densities. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 195.
First Author: Cecil, F. E.
738. Cecil, F.E., et al. Observation of Charged-Particle Bursts from Deuterium-Loaded Thin-Titanium Foils. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Cecil, F. E.
739. Cedzynska, K., et al. Tritium Analysis in Palladium With an Open System Analytical Procedure. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Cedzynska, K.
740. Celani, F., et al. Measurements in the Grans Sasso Laboratory: Evidence for Nuclear Effects in Electrolysis With Pd/Ti and Different Tests with Deuterium Hight-Temperature Superconductors. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Celani, F.
741. Celani, F., et al., Further measurements on electrolytic cold fusion with D2O and palladium at Gran Sasso Laboratory. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 718.
First Author: Celani, F.
742. Cerofolini, G.F., N. Re, and A.F. Para. (D+D+)2e- Binuclear Atoms as Activated Precursors in Cold Fusion and Warm Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Cerofolini, G. F.
743. Chambers, G.P., et al., Charged particle spectra of palladium thin films during low energy deuterium ion implantation. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 281.
First Author: Chambers, G. P.
744. Chambers, G.P., J.M. Eridon, and K.S. Grabowski, Upper limit on cold fusion in thin palladium films. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41(8): p. 5388.
First Author: Chambers, G. P.
745. Chambers, G.P., G.K. Hubler, and K.S. Grabowski. Search for Energetic Charged-Particle-Reaction Products During Deuterium-Charging of Metal Lattices. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Chambers, G. P.
746. Chao, J., et al. Three Dimensional Computer Simulation of an Isoperibolic Calorimeter for Cold Fusion Experiments. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Chao, J.
The three dimensional heat conduction computer code HEATING5 was used to simulate the isoperibolic calorimeter being used for cold fusion experiments at Stanford University. The simulation results confirm the measured temperature distribution in the calorimeter. Computer analysis also demonstrates that temperature measurements for this particular calorimeter are independent of the heat source position in the calorimeter. A numerical procedure was developed to derive the transient behavior of the heat generation in the cold fusion cell from the transient temperature measurements. This procedure was exercised using a measured temperature pulse. The transient behavior of the power pulse was in the form of square-wave and its magnitude was slightly higher than the on-line calculation based on a steady-state approach.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=327
First Author: Chapnik, I. M.
748. Chatterjee, L., Could spectator electrons legalize cold fusion? Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 683.
First Author: Chatterjee, L.
749. Chechin, V.A., et al. Fracto-Acceleration Model of Cold Nuclear Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Chechin, V. A.
750. Cheek, G.T. and W.E. O'Grady, Measurement of hydrogen uptake by palladium using a quartz crystal microbalance. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 277: p. 341.
First Author: Cheek, G. T.
751. Cheek, G.T. and W.E. O'Grady. Quartz crystal microbalance study of palladium/hydrogen interations. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Cheek, G. T.
Thin palladium films deposited on quartz have been loaded with hydrogen (deuterium) by electrochemical reduction of 0.1 M LiOH (LiOD) in H2O (D2O). Coulometric measurements during both the hydrogen deposition and subsequent removal steps have shown that H:Pd ratios of 0.7 are reached under these conditions, in accord with accepted values for bulk samples. The frequency decrease observed at AT-cut crystals during hydrogen (deuterium) loading is larger than that expected for the mass of hydrogen deposited into the film. Considering that palladium undergoes a substantial increase in volume upon hydrogen uptake, the role of the resulting film stress in influencing the observed frequency must be addressed. It has been found that such film stresses at an AT-cut crystal produce frequency decreases and that these effects can be accounted for using techniques which are well established in the frequency control field. Measurements at BT-cut crystals, the stress/frequency response of which is opposite to that of AT-cut crystals, have confirmed that stress plays a major role in the present work and have allowed the determination of a quantitative value for this stress. Investigations of mixtures of H2O and D20 have also been carried out and shed some light on the effect of small amounts of H2O in determining the H/D content in the palladium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=76
First Author: Chemla, M.
753. Chen, M., et al., Measurements of neutron emission induced by muons stopped in metal deuteride targets. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 155.
First Author: Chen, M.
754. Chene, J. and A.M. Brass, Tritium production during the cathodic discharge of deuterium on palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 280: p. 199.
First Author: Chene, J.
755. Cheng, Y.C., W.Y.P. Hwang, and S.N. Yang. Thoughts on Warm Fusion Versus Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Cheng, Y. C.
We propose a mechanism that may allow for understanding of the cluster-impact fusion experiment of Beuhler, Friedlander, and Friedman. When the cluster of D2O molecules collides with the metallic surface, the cluster dissociates into a collection of D and 0 atoms. In the process, a significant portion of the translational kinetic energy of the cluster is converted to thermal energy, so that the system thermalizes to become a "warm atomic plasma". The neutral D atoms in the warm atomic plasma then fuse with the D atoms in the lattice via direct scattering, without going through the doorway step of forming D2 molecules. As a rough estimate for the fusion reaction rate, the velocity distribution of the thermalized D atoms is taken to be Maxwell-Boltzmann, leading to results in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations for a cluster of about 100 - 300 molecules.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=354
First Author: Chon, A.
757. Christensen, O.B., et al., Effective-Medium Calculations for Hydrogen in Ni, Pd, and Pt. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41.
First Author: Christensen, O. B.
758. Christman, D.R., Cold fusion. Chem. Eng. News, 1990: p. 78.
First Author: Christman, D. R.
759. Chu, L.Y. and D.-H. Lu, The estimation of nuclear fusion rate in crystal. Commun. Theor. Phys. (China), 1990. 13: p. 33.
First Author: Chu, L. Y.
760. Chubb, S.R. and T.A. Chubb, Distributed bosonic states and condensed matter fusion. 1990, NRL: Washington.
First Author: Chubb, S. R.
This paper presents a theory of condensed matter fusion in crystals based on the periodic potential provided by an ordered lattice and the approximate Bose statistics obeyed by bosons on length scales associated with electrostatic interactions. The resulting nuclear interaction proceeds in a manner that approximately preserves either the initial periodicity of the lattice or the periodicity of a commensurate lattice. Reaction reversibility over timescales associated with electrostatic interaction results in condensed matter fusion being dominated by interactions in which both the products and reactants obey Bose-Einstein statistics. As a result tritium release and 3He+ production should not appear as primary fusion products.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRdistribute.pdf
First Author: Chubb, S. R.
We present a theory of solid state fusion based on the formation of a D+ bosonic Bloch condensate within a metal deuteride. The first step towards fusion is a coalescence reaction which converts a 4-fold occupation state of zero point motion size into a state of nuclear dimensions . Reaction rates for the coalescence reaction are calculated using the Fermi Golden Rule.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbSRnuclearfus.pdf
First Author: Chubb, S. R.
763. Chubb, S.R. and T.A. Chubb. Quantum Mechanics of "Cold and "Not-So-Cold" Fusion". in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Chubb, S. R.
Cooperative ionic fluctuations, which become energetically favorable during the overcharging of a sufficiently ordered, stoichiometric Pd-D lattice, provide a means for an entirely new form of nuclear interaction, "cold" or "solid state" fusion. As a consequence, I) nucleons separated by macroscopic distances in a classical sense may interact in a nuclear fashion quantum mechanically. and 2) nuclear fusion may occur in which unfamiliar products are released. The evolution of such an ionic nuctuation. which we have named a Bose Bloch Condensate (BBC). becomes favorable as the concentrations of D and Pd become comparable because of I arge energy costs from lattice strain at individual lattice sites that result from coulombic repulsion associated with the occupation of a site by more than one D. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=138
First Author: Chubb, T. A.
765. Chulick, G.S., R.A. Rice, and Y.E. Kim. The Effect of Electron Screening and Velocity Distribution on Proton-Deuterium Fusion Rates in Jupiter. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Chulick, G. S.
766. Chulick, G.S., et al., Comment on "Cluster-Impact Fusion by P. M. Echenique et al. 1990.
First Author: Chulick, G. S.
767. Claytor, T.N., et al. Tritium and Neutron Measurements From Deuterated Pd-Si. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Claytor, T. N.
768. Claytor, T.N., et al., Solid State Fusion Update. 1990.
First Author: Claytor, T. N.
769. Collins, G.S., et al., Electrolytic loading of hydrogen in metals studied by PAC. Hyperfine Interactions, 1990. 60: p. 663.
First Author: Collins, G. S.
770. Collins, G.S., J.S. Walker, and J.W. Norbury, Deuteron tunnelling at electron-volt energies. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 409.
First Author: Collins, G. S.
771. Corrigan, D.A. and E.W. Schneider, Tritium separation effects during heavy water electrolysis: implications for reported observations of cold fusion. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 281: p. 305.
First Author: Corrigan, D. A.
772. Coupland, D.R., et al. Some Observations Related to the Presence of Hydrogen and Deuterium in Palladium. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Coupland, D. R.
Surface and bulk analytical work carried out on Pd rod samples returned to JM by Fleischmann and Pons indicate that a number of elements, including Pt and Li were deposited on the surface during electrolysis in D2O.
One electrolysed rod exhibited recovery of part of the wrought microstructure which would ordinarily require a temperature of > ca. 200C, and another rod showed recrystallisation of a portion of its length and this would normally require a temperature of > ca. 300C. These effects cannot be readily explained by known processing history and could not be reproduced by filing or sawing. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=318
First Author: Cox, D. M.
774. Czirr, J.B., G.L. Jensen, and J.C. Wang. High-Efficiency Neutron and Charged-Particle Detector. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Czirr, J. B.
775. D'Amato, F., et al. Search for Nuclear Phenomena by the Interaction Between Titanium and Deuterium. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: D'Amato, F.
Following the preliminary results obtained in the Spring of 1989 [see ref.3], a second generation of experiments aimed to the detection of nuclear particles from a titanium-deuterium system has been designed. Here very preliminary results from the new (even though not yet complete) experimental setup are presented: neutron burst emission from the system and tritium production in the samples.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=189
First Author: Dagani, R.
777. Danos, M., Coulomb-assisted cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 413.
First Author: Danos, M.
778. Danos, M., Coulomb-assisted cold fusion in solids. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 484.
First Author: Danos, M.
779. Davidonis, R., et al., An experimental evaluation of the probability of cold fusion. Litovskii Fiz. Sbornik, 1990. 30(6): p. 65.
First Author: Davidonis, R.
780. Davies, J.D., A Direct Measurement of the Alpha-Muon Sticking Coefficient in Muon-Catalysed d-t Fusion. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 1990. 16: p. 1529.
First Author: Davies, J. D.
781. Davies, J.D. and J.S. Cohen, More on the cold fusion family. Ettore Majorana Int. Sci. Ser.: Phys. Sci., 1990: p. 52.
First Author: Davies, J. D.
782. Davies, J.D., et al., Search for 2.5 MeV neutrons from D2O (heavy water) electrolytic cells stimulated by high-intensity muons and pions. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. 103(1): p. 155.
First Author: Davies, J. D.
783. Davydov, A.S., Possible explanation of the cold fusion experiments". Sov. Phys. Dokl., 1990. 35(9): p. 811.
First Author: Davydov, A. S.
784. De Ninno, A., et al. Emission of Neutron Bursts From a Titanium-Deuterium Gas Ststem in a High-Effeciency Low-Background Experimental Setup. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: De Ninno, A.
785. Degwekar, S.B. and M. Srinivasan, A simple dead time method for measuring the fraction of bunched neutronic emission in cold fusion experiments. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 1990. 17: p. 583.
First Author: Degwekar, S. B.
786. Derjaguin, B.V., et al., Excitation of nuclear reaction under mechanical effect (impact) on deuterated solids. Physica B, 1990. 167: p. 189.
First Author: Derjaguin, B. V.
787. Dickinson, J.T., et al., Fracto-emission from deuterated titanium: Supporting evidence for a fracto-fusion mechanism. J. Mater. Res., 1990. 5: p. 109.
First Author: Dickinson, J. T.
788. Dignan, T.G., et al., A search for neutrons from fusion in a highly deuterated cooled palladium thin film. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 469.
First Author: Dignan, T. G.
789. Dini, D. Why "Cold" and "Warm" Fusion Reaction Plants for Producinbg Useful Energy are Very Far From Now. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Dini, D.
790. Donne, A.J.H. and A.A.M. Oomens, Zon op Aarde (Sun on Earth). Natuur en Technik, 1990. 58(2): p. 118 (in Dutch).
First Author: Donne, A. J. H.
791. Droege, L.J. and T.F. Droege. A Zero Gradient Calorimeter for the Measurement of Anomalous Heat from the Electrolysis of Deuterated Metals. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Droege, L. J.
A null balance calorimeter has been designed for the measurement of anomalous heat in electrolytic cells containing deuterium and palladium. Early measurements indicate an accuracy of less than 1% of the total energy processed through the calorimeter. Anomalous heat has been observed at the 4% level for palladium cathodes, or 4w per cc. Measurements have been made of cathode material resistance change and cathode gas absorption during electrolysis. Cell voltage variations over time have been correlated with cell gas evolution. Attempts have been made to correlate radiation with cell activity.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=248
First Author: Droege, T. F.
793. Dunlap, B.I., et al., Linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals - local-density-functional cluster studies of D-D interactions in titanium and palladium. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41: p. 9683.
First Author: Dunlap, B. I.
794. Durup, J., Comment on: Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 93: p. 6120.
First Author: Durup, J.
795. Eagleton, R.D. and R.T. Bush, Design considerations for palladium electrodes as suggested by a deuteron cluster model for cold nuclear fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 359.
First Author: Eagleton, R. D.
796. Echenique, P.M., J.R. Manson, and R.H. Ritchie, Cluster-Impact Fusion. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990. 64(12): p. 1413.
First Author: Echenique, P. M.
797. Eggers, H.C. and J. Rafelski, Strangeness and Quark Gluon Plasma: Aspects of Theory and Experiment. 1990.
First Author: Eggers, H. C.
798. ENECO. The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. Vancouver, Canada: ENECO, Inc.
First Author: ENECO
Proceedings of The Seventh International Conference on Cold Fusion
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ENECOtheseventh.pdf
First Author: Ewing, R. I.
800. Ewing, R.I., et al., A sensitive multi-detector neutron counter used to monitor 'cold fusion' experiments in an underground laboratory: negative results and positive artifacts. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 1990. 37: p. 1165.
First Author: Ewing, R. I.
801. Fallavier, J., et al., Srearch for Nuclear Fusion in Deuterated Targets under Cluster-Beam Impact. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990. 65(5): p. 621.
First Author: Fallavier, J.
802. Fayet, P., A. Kaldor, and D.M. Cox, Palladium Clusters: H2, D2, N2, CH4, CD4, C2H4, and C2H6 Reactivity and D2 Saturation Studies. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 92: p. 254.
First Author: Fayet, P.
803. Fedorovich, G.F., Coulomb interaction in a radiation defect of a hydride crystal. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1990. 16(12): p. 911.
First Author: Fedorovich, G. F.
804. Fernandez, F., et al. Nuclear Effects in Electrolytically Deuterated Ti and Pd Electrodes. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Fernandez, F.
805. Filimonov, V.A., Mechanism of cold nuclear fusion. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(20): p. 29 (in Russian).
First Author: Filimonov, V. A.
806. Filimonov, V.A., On the probability of cold nuclear fusion. Pis`ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1990. 16(19): p. 42 (in Russian).
First Author: Filimonov, V. A.
807. Fisher, A., Much Ado About. MOSAIC, 1990. 21(2): p. 13.
First Author: Fisher, A.
808. Fitzpatrick, T., Cold Fusion Meet Ends Without Agreement, in Salt Lake City Tribune. 1990: Salt Lake CityEditor.
First Author: Fitzpatrick, T.
809. Fleischmann, M. An Overview of Cold Fuson Phenomena. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
The present position of research in the field of Cold Fusion has already been outlined in two papers presented at this meeting. This report will therefore emphasize the early work and general considerations which led us to investigate the possibility of inducing nuclear reactions of D+ in palladium electrodes . . . This is followed by a brief assessment of the position reached at the end of the first year of research in this field as summarized by the papers presented at this conference.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmananoverview.pdf
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
It is shown that accurate values of the rates of enthalpy generation in the electrolysis of light and heavy water can be obtained from measurements in simple, single compartment Dewar type calorimeter cells. This precise evaluation of the rate of enthalpy generation relies on the non-linear regression fitting of the "black-box" model of the calorimeter to an extensive set of temperature time measurements. The method of data analysis gives a systematic underestimate of the enthalpy output and, in consequence, a slightly negative excess rate of enthalpy generation for an extensive set of blank experiments using both light and heavy water. By contrast, the electrolysis of heavy water at palladium electrodes shows a positive excess rate of enthalpy generation; this rate increases markedly with current density, reaching values of approximately 100 W cm^-3 at approximately 1 A cm^-2. It is also shown that prolonged polarization of palladium cathodes in heavy water leads to bursts in the rate of enthalpy generation; the thermal output of the cells exceeds the enthalpy input (or the total energy input) to the cells by factors in excess of 40 during these bursts. The total specific energy output during the bursts as well as the total specific energy output of fully charged electrodes subjected to prolonged polarization (5-50 MJ cm^-3) is 10^2 - 10^3 times larger than the enthalpy of reaction of chemical processes.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmancalorimetr.pdf
First Author: Fleming, J. W.
812. Foglio, P.A., et al., Neutron monitoring and related measurements during electrolysis of heavy water with palladium and titanium cathodes: activity report. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 131.
First Author: Foglio, P. A.
813. Fonda, L. and G.L. Shaw. Flucturations and Nonreproducibility in Cold Fusion From Free Quark Catalysis. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Fonda, L.
814. Fonda, L. and G.L. Shaw, Deuteron cold fusion by anti-diquark catalysis. Fizika (Zagreb), 1990. 22: p. 371.
First Author: Fonda, L.
815. Freedman, S. and D. Krakauer, Biases in cold fusion data. (Scientific correspondence). Nature (London), 1990. 343: p. 703.
First Author: Freedman, S.
816. Friedmann, H., et al., Search for 'cold fusion'. Kerntechnik, 1990. 55: p. 161.
First Author: Friedmann, H.
817. Frodl, P., et al., Possible participation of lithium in Fleischmann-Pons reaction is testable. Z. Naturforsch. A, 1990. 45: p. 757.
First Author: Frodl, P.
818. Fukada, S., et al., Neutron emission from some metal deuterides. Technol. Rep. Kyushu Univ., 1990. 63(5): p. 475 (in Japanese.
First Author: Fukada, S.
819. Gai, M., et al., Upper limits on emission rates of neutrons and gamma-rays from 'cold fusion' in deuterated metals. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 217.
First Author: Gai, M.
820. Gann, V.V. and V.I. Pokhodyashchii, Metastable bound states of deuterium in palladium and its role in cold nuclear fusion. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1990(1): p. 89 (in Russian).
First Author: Gann, V. V.
821. Godshall, N.A., et al., Calorimetric and thermodynamic analysis of palladium-deuterium electrochemical cells. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 229.
First Author: Godshall, N. A.
822. Goldanskii, V.I. and F.I. Dalidchik, On the possibilities of 'cold enhancement' of nuclear fusion. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 234: p. 465.
First Author: Goldanskii, V. I.
823. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Verification of the accelerator model for low-temperature nuclear fusion. Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990. 9: p. 16.
First Author: Golubnichii, P. I.
824. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Detection of neutrons and tritium from solid palladium targets by electrolytic deuterium charging. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(21): p. 46 (in Russian).
First Author: Golubnichii, P. I.
825. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Correlation between nuclear, acoustic, and electromagnetic emissions during the electrolytic saturation of palladium with deuterium. Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1990(8): p. 31.
First Author: Golubnichii, P. I.
826. Golubnichii, P.I., et al. Observation of Nuclear Particles and Their Correlation with Acoustic and Electromagnetic Emission from Palladium Targets Loaded by Deuterium. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Golubnichii, P. I.
827. Golubnichii, P.I., et al. Recording of Neutron and Acoustic Emissions From Palladium Target in a Low-Background Underground Experiment. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Golubnichii, P. I.
828. Gottesfeld, S., et al., Experiments and nuclear measurements in search of cold fusion processes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 287.
First Author: Gottesfeld, S.
829. Gou, Q., Z. Zhu, and Q. Zhang, Possible mechanism of cold fusion and experimental research. Yuanzi Yu Fenzi Wuli Xuebao, 1990. 7: p. 1491 (in Chinese).
First Author: Gou, Q.
830. Govorov, B.V., et al., Neutron Emission from Palladium Alloys Saturated with Deuterium. Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1990. 64(2): p. 287.
First Author: Govorov, B. V.
831. Gozzi, D., et al., Evidences for associated heat generation and nuclear products release in palladium heavy-water electrolysis. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. 103: p. 143.
First Author: Gozzi, D.
832. Gozzi, D., et al., Nuclear and thermal effects during electrolytic reduction of deuterium at palladium cathode. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 241.
First Author: Gozzi, D.
833. Gozzi, D., et al. First Results from a Ten Electrolytic Cells Experiment. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Gozzi, D.
834. Graesjo, L. and M. Seo, Measurement of absorption of hydrogen and deuterium into palladium during electrolysis by a quartz crystal microbalance. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 296: p. 233.
First Author: Graesjo, L.
835. Granada, J.R., et al., Neutron measurements on electrolytic cells (Pd-D2O) performed under very low background conditions. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27(4): p. 379.
First Author: Granada, J. R.
836. Granada, J.R., et al. Neutron Measurements on (Pd-D2O) Electrolytic Cells Under Pulsed Current Conditions. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Granada, J. R.
837. Granada, J.R., et al., Thermal neutron measurements on electrolytic cells with deuterated palladium cathodes subjected to a pulsed current. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27(3): p. 30.
First Author: Granada, J. R.
838. Greenland, T., Issues connected with cold fusion: a room temperature mechanism for the production of x-rays. J. Phys B, 1990. 23: p. 1679.
First Author: Greenland, T.
839. Greiner, W. and A. Sandulescu, New Radioactivities. Sci. Am., 1990. March: p. 58.
First Author: Greiner, W.
840. Gryzinski, M. Theory of Electron Catalyzed Fusion in Pd Lattice. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Gryzinski, M.
841. Gu, A.G., et al., Experimental study on cold fusion using deuterium gas and deuterium ion beam with palladium. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 329.
First Author: Gu, A. G.
842. Guilinger, T.R., et al., Investigation of Fusion Reactions in Palladium and Titanium Tritide Using Galvanostatic, Coulometric, and Hydrogen Permeation Techniques. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 299.
First Author: Guilinger, T. R.
843. Gur, T.M., et al. Experimental Considerations in Electrochemical Isoperibolic Calorimetry. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Gur, T. M.
A novel concentric cylinder isoperibolic calorimeter was designed and fully characterized. Several different methods of introducing calibration power to the calorimeter were studied and the calibration constant was found to be independent of the method. Calibration constants could be determined with a precision to + 0.5 %. Furthermore, they were independent of the input power level up to 22 W and with a cell temperature up to 60 0C over appreciable periods of time. This new design possesses many advantages that makes it suitable for careful studies of the thermal behavior of electrochemical systems, such as the electrochemical insertion of deuterium into Pd cathodes.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=101
First Author: Gur, T. M.
845. Guruswamy, S. and M.E. Wadsworth. Metallurgical Aspects in Cold Fusion Experiments. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Guruswamy, S.
Deuterium loading of palladium cathodes in Pons-Fleischmann type electrolytic cells has been observed to result in generation of excess heat on several occasions. Metallurgical examination of some of the electrodes showed extensive damage associated with deuterium loading. Surfaces have been found to be covered with large number of impurities. Initiation and sustaining these heat bursts, monitoring of nuclear products and materials aspects of these electrolytic cells have been the focus of our current efforts. As D/Pd loading appear to be critical, the measurement of deuterium loading using dilatometry as a function of current density, surface and heat treatment of the cathode and poisoning are currently being investigated.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/GuruswamySmetallurgi.pdf
First Author: Guthrie, S. E.
847. Hage, H., Boundary conditions in electrochemical measurements of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in a-palladium. Materials Transactions JIM, 1990. 31(10): p. 842.
First Author: Hage, H.
848. Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent Fusion Mechanisms. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
849. Hagelstein, P.L. Status of Coherent Fusion Theory. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
Nuclear reactions which may exhibit coherent effects have been studied as a candidate explanation for cold fusion effects. An analysis of a general class of two-step coherent reactions involving charged nucleons has been performed, and very small reaction rates are found. This result is due to the small tunneling factors associated with coulomb repulsion.
We are investigating two-step coherent reactions which begin through weak interaction mediated electron capture, which in hydrogen isotopes would produce off-shell (virtual) neutrons. No coulomb repulsion occurs for virtual neutrons. Virtual neutron capture by deuterons would yield tritium, and virtual neutron capture by protons would yield deuterons; the latter process is favored by a factor of 104 in the square of the matrix element on a per nucleon basis, and corresponds to a heat-producing reaction. The nuclear reaction energy would be coupled into the electrolysis process, with the final reaction products stationary.
We have found that the weak interaction process can in principle be superradiant in the Dicke sense. If so, then considerable acceleration of this type of coherent reaction may occur.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=118
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
851. Hagi, H., Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in palladium films prepared by RF sputtering. Materials Transactions JIM, 1990. 31(11): p. 954.
First Author: Hagi, H.
852. Hale, G.M., R.D. Smith, and T.L. Talley, Nuclear reactions and screened-Coulomb fusion rates. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 187.
First Author: Hale, G. M.
853. Halley, J.W. and J.L. Valles, Estimate of nuclear fusion rates arising from a molecular-dynamics model of palladium deuteride. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41(9): p. 6072.
First Author: Halley, J. W.
854. Handel, P. Influence of Surface Tension, Nucleation Centers, and Electron Effective Mass on the Achievable Level of Electrolytic Deuterium Loading. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Handel, P.
855. Handel, P. Reformulation of the Cold Fusion Problem: Heterogeneous Nucleation - A Likely Cause of the Irreproducibility and Intermittency of Cold Fusion Observations. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Handel, P.
The Irreproducibility and intermittency of the observed cold nuclear fusion effects is linked to the known difficulties affecting the observation of homogeneous nucleation of D2 bubbles on the surface of the cathode in the electrolysis of D2O. In general some nucleation centers are present, allowing for heterogeneous nucleation of D2 bubbles at the Pd, Ti or Zr cathode, long before the chemical potential of D in the cathode reaches the levels necessary for cold fusion. By carefully eliminating the impurities and surface defects which can act as nucleation centers, one can create homogeneous nucleation conditions which correspond to higher values of the cathodic D chemical potential, provided the cathode is completely covered by the electrolyte, or extremely large currents are applied to the cell. A decrease of the surface tension due to tensioactive impurities in the electrolyte must also be avoided. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=307
First Author: Handel, P.
857. Harb, J.N., W.G. Pitt, and H.D. Tolley, Statistical analysis of neutron burst size and rate during electrolysis of LiOD solutions. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 669.
First Author: Harb, J. N.
858. Harith, M.A., et al., Theoretical and experimental studies on the cold nuclear fusion phenomena". Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 704.
First Author: Harith, M. A.
859. Hawkins, N., et al. Investigations of Mechanisms and Occurrence of Meteorologically Triggered Cold Fusion at The Chinese Academy of Sciences. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Hawkins, N.
860. Hayden, M.E., et al., High precision calorimetric search for evidence of cold fusion using in situ catalytic recombination of evolved gases. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 161.
First Author: Hayden, M. E.
861. Henderson, R.A., et al., More searches for cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 475.
First Author: Henderson, R. A.
862. Herrmann, G., Five Decades Ago: From the "Transuranics" to Nuclear Fission. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 1990. 29: p. 481.
First Author: Herrmann, G.
863. Herzog, R.F., Fusion in a Solid: A Pump Primer, in Phys. Today. 1990. p. 120.
First Author: Herzog, R. F.
864. Hill, J.C., et al., Search for cold fusion using Pd-D2O cells and Ti-D mixtures. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 305.
First Author: Hill, J. C.
865. Hora, H., et al., Plasma and surface tension model for explaining the surface effect of tritium generation at cold fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1990. 12D(3): p. 393.
First Author: Hora, H.
866. Hora, H., et al. Surface Models for Cold Fusion and the Possibilities of Multilayered Cells for Energy Production. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Hora, H.
867. Howald, R.A., Calculations on the Palladium-Lithium System for Cold Fusion. CALPHAD, 1990. 14: p. 1.
First Author: Howald, R. A.
868. Huang, C.Y. and M. Rabinowitz, Some New Aspects of Super-High Temperature Superconductors. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 4(9): p. 567.
First Author: Huang, C. Y.
869. Huang, N. Effect of Light Water Additions on Excess Heat Generation of Palladium Deuterium System. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Huang, N.
870. Huggins, R.A. Fundamental Considerations Relating to the Electrochemical Insertion of Hydrogen and Palladium into Mixed Conductors. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Huggins, R. A.
871. Hunter, G.W., et al., A Dewar Calorimeter for Electrochemical Studies. 1990.
First Author: Hunter, G. W.
872. Hutchinson, D.P., et al., Initial Calorimetry Experiments in the Physics Division -ORNL. 1990: Oak Ridge, TN.
First Author: Hutchinson, D. P.
873. Ichimaru, S., et al., Statistical-mechanical theory of cold nuclear fusion in metal hydrides. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1990. 59: p. 1333.
First Author: Ichimaru, S.
874. Ichimaru, S., S. Ogata, and A. Nakano, Rates of nuclear fusion in metal hydrides. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1990. 59(11): p. 3904.
First Author: Ichimaru, S.
875. Iguchi, T., Measurement of a very small yield of neutron using a moderating-type (3)He gas counter. Ioniz. Radiat. (Tokyo), 1990. 16(3): p. 22 (in Japanese).
First Author: Iguchi, T.
876. Ilic, R., et al., Investigation of the deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction in cast, annealed, and cold-rolled palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 505.
First Author: Ilic, R.
877. Ilic, R., et al., A search for neutrons, protons, tritons, (3)He ions, gamma- and x-rays from deuterium-deuterium nuclear reaction in electrochemically charged palladium. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., 1990. 17: p. 483.
First Author: Ilic, R.
878. Iyengar, P.K. and M. Srinivasan. Overview of BARC Studies in Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Iyengar, P. K.
A wide variety of experiments have been carried out by twelve independent teams employing both electrolytic and gas phase loading of deuterium in Pd and Ti metals to investigate the phenomenon of cold fusion first reported by Fleischmann and Pons in March 1989. The experiments were primarily devoted to the study of the emission of nuclear particles such as neutrons and tritium with a view to verify the "nuclear origin" of cold fusion. In 22 different electrolytic experiments whose cathode surface areas ranged from 0.1 to 300 cm^2, large bursts of neutrons and/or tritium were measured. Some of these gave clear evidence that these two nuclear particles were being generated simultaneously. The neutron-to-tritium yield ratios in the majority of these experiments was in the range of 10^-6 to 10^-9. The specific neutron and tritium yields expressed per cm^2 of cathode surface area also fitted into a systematic pattern. A unique feature of the BARC electrolysis results is that the first bursts of neutrons and tritium occurred (in 8 out of 11 cells) on the very first day of commencement of electrolysis, when hardly a few amp-hrs of charge had been passed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IyengarPKoverviewof.pdf
First Author: Iyengar, P. K.
880. Izumida, T., et al., A search for neutron emission from cold nuclear fusion in a titanium-deuterium system. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 641.
First Author: Izumida, T.
881. Jaendel, M., Cold fusion in a confining phase of quantum electrodynamics. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 493.
First Author: Jaendel, M.
882. Jandel, M., Cold Fusion in a Confining Phase of Quantum Electrodynamics. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 493.
First Author: Jandel, M.
883. Jandel, M. and J. Sahrling. Pressure Enhanced Fusion Rates in Lattice Channels. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: S. E. Jones, Brigham Young Univ.
First Author: Jandel, M.
884. Jensen, L.C. and K.S. Mortensen, Beyond fusion, annihilation reactions of confined hydrogen. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 417.
First Author: Jensen, L. C.
885. Jiang, X.L., N. Xu, and L.J. Han. Point-Effect and Non-equilibrium Conditions in Electrolysis Experiments. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Jiang, X. L.
886. Jianyu, H., et al. Experimental Study on Anomalous Neutron Production in Deuterium/Solid System. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Jianyu, H.
887. Jin, S., et al., The possibilities of cold nuclear fusion of deuterium. Chin. Phys. Lett., 1990. 7: p. 28.
First Author: Jin, S.
888. Jones, S.E., et al. Preliminary Results from the BYU Charged-Particle Spectrometer. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
889. Jones, S.E., et al. In Quest of a Trigger Mechanism for Neutron Emissions from Deuterium/Solid Systems. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
890. Jones, S.E., D.L. Decker, and H.D. Tolley, (No title) (Scientific correspondence). Nature (London), 1990. 343: p. 703.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
891. Jones, S.E., et al., Anomalous nuclear reactions in condensed matter: recent results and open questions. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 199.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
892. Jorne, J. Stress-Induced Uphill Diffusion of Deuterium in Palladium. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York1.
First Author: Jorne, J
893. Jorne, J., Electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium: the existence of negatively charged deuteride ions. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 519.
First Author: Jorne, J.
894. Jorne, J., Unsteady diffusion reaction of electrochemically produced deuterium in palladium rod. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990. 137: p. 369.
First Author: Jorne, J.
895. Jow, T.R., et al., Calorimetric studies of deuterated Pd electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990. 137(8): p. 2473.
First Author: Jow, T. R.
896. Karabut, A.B., Y. Kucherov, and I.B. Savvatimova. Cold Fusion Observation at Gas-Discharge Device Cathode. in Anniversary Specialist Conf. on Nucl. Power Eng. in Space. 1990. Obninsk, Russia.
First Author: Karabut, A. B.
897. Karabut, A.B., Y. Kucherov, and I.B. Savvatimova, Nuclear reactions at the cathode in a gas discharge. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1990. 16(6): p. 463.
First Author: Karabut, A. B.
898. Karpov, S.Y., et al., On the possibility of a mechanism of cold nuclear fusion. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(5): p. 91 (in Russian).
First Author: Karpov, S. Yu.
899. Kaushik, T.C., et al., Preliminary report on direct measurement of tritium in liquid nitrogen treated TiDx chips. Indian J. Technol., 1990. 28: p. 667.
First Author: Kaushik, T. C.
900. Kawai, H., Profile of the cold nuclear fever. Kinki Daigaku Genshiryoku Kenkyusho Nenpo, 1990. 27: p. 19 (in Japanese).
First Author: Kawai, H.
901. Kay, B.D., K.R. Lykke, and R.J. Buss, Problems with the mass spectrometric determination of tritium from cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 491.
First Author: Kay, B. D.
902. Kendall, D.L., The Role of Imagination in Science:Two Modern Examples. 1990, Albuquerque: Keynote speech for the Twentieth Southwestern Jounior Science and Humanities Symposium, Albuquerque, 4/2/90.
First Author: Kendall, D. L.
903. Kim, M.S. and M.Y. Park, Comment on room temperature nuclear fusion. Anal. Sci. & Technol., 1990. 3: p. 265 (in Korean).
First Author: Kim, M. S.
904. Kim, Y.E., Nuclear Physics Interpretation of Cold Fusion and Optimal Designs for Gas/Solid-State Fusion Device. 1990.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
905. Kim, Y.E. Nuclear Physics Interpretation of Cold Fusion and Optimal Designs for Gas/Solid -State Device. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
906. Kim, Y.E. Surface Reaction Mechanism and Lepton Screening for Cold Fusion with Electrolysis. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
A surface reaction mechanism and the effects of electron and muon screening are described for electrolysis fusion experiments. A general expression is given for the modified Coulomb barrier penetration factor which includes the lepton screening effect and which can be used for extrapolating the fusion cross sections to lower energies. It is shown that, when combined with the effect of velocity distribution in the context of the surface reaction mechanism, the electron screening effect may explain the claimed results of recent electrolysis fusion experiments and may also explain why it is difficult to reproduce the same result with different samples in electrolysis experiments. Experimental tests of the effects of electron and muon screening are suggested both for electrolysis experiments and for inelastic scattering experiments.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=213
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
908. Kim, Y.E., New cold nuclear fusion theory and experimental tests. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 423.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
909. Kim, Y.E., Cross section for cold deuterium-deuterium fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 507.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
910. Kim, Y.E., Neutron burst from a high-voltage discharge between palladium electrodes in D2 gas. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 680.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
911. Kim, Y.E., R.A. Rice, and G.S. Chulick, Cluster-Transport Impact Fusion. 1990.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
912. Kimura, T., Quantitative evaluation of multiple production of neutrons induced by cosmic rays in materials. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27: p. 1147.
First Author: Kimura, T.
913. Kitajima, M., K. Nakamura, and M. Fujitsuka, Electrical resistivity of high pressure D2-loaded Pd and Ti at low temperatures. Solid State Commun., 1990. 75: p. 159.
First Author: Kitajima, M.
914. Klein, A.C., et al. Anomalous Heat Output from Pd Cathodes Without Detectable Nuclear Products. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Klein, A. C.
915. Knapp, J.A., et al., Thin-foil electrochemical cells: high-sensitivity fusion tests and in-situ beam measurements of deuterium loading. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 371.
First Author: Knapp, J. A.
916. Kocsis, M., et al., Search for neutrons from cold nuclear fusion. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1990. 145(5): p. 327.
First Author: Kocsis, M.
917. Kogashi, S., Present status of cold fusion research. J. Inst. Electron. Inf. Commun. Eng. (Japan), 1990. 73: p. 1311 (in Japanese).
First Author: Kogashi, S.
918. Komarov, V.V., Does Cold Fusion Exist and is it Measurable? Z. Naturforsch. A, 1990. 45(2): p. 759.
First Author: Komarov, V. V.
919. Konishi, S. Translated Summary of the "Proc. of the Topical Meeting on Cold Fusion". in Proc. of the Topical Meeting on Cold Fusion. 1990. Japan.
First Author: Konishi, S.
920. Koonin, S.E. and M. Mukerjee, Branching ratios in low-energy deuteron-induced reactions. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 42: p. 1639.
First Author: Koonin, S. E.
921. Kosyakhkov, A.A., et al., Neutron yield in the deuterium ion implantation into titanium. Fiz. Tverd. Tela, 1990. 32: p. 3672 (in Russian).
First Author: Kosyakhkov, A. A.
922. Kosyakhkov, A.A., et al., Mass-spectrometric study of the products of nuclear reactions occurring by ion-plasma saturation of titanium with deuterium. Dokl. Akad. Nauk [Tekh. Fiz.], 1990. 312(1): p. 96 (in Russian).
First Author: Kosyakhkov, A. A.
923. Kulakov, A.V., E.V. Orlenko, and A.A. Rumyantsev, Problem of physical mechanism of so-called cold fusion. Power Eng. (USSR Acad. Sci), 1990. 28(1): p. 141.
First Author: Kulakov, A. V.
924. Lautzenhiser, T. and D. Phelps, Cold Fusion: Report on a Recent Amoco Experiment. 1990, Amoco Production Company.
First Author: Lautzenhiser, T.
This report will discuss briefly some of the early calorimetric experiments on cold fusion and in more detail, a single experiment just concluded. A closed cell electrolytic experiment has been conducted using a palladium cathode and platinum anode with accurate (+/-0.001 watt) calorimetric measurements. Results indicate a positive energy output of approximately 50 Kilojoules more than was input to the experiment through electrolysis current and heater current. The heat output was observed both as short term bursts of energy and as long term sustained production. Colorimetric calibration with an internal heat source showed essentially identical data before and after the electrolysis experiment. Material balance for palladium, water and lithium showed essentially no material had been consumed during the experiment. Tritium levels measured before and after electrolysis showed a factor of 3 increase that cannot be accounted for by concentration effects.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Lautzenhiscoldfusion.pdf
First Author: Lawson, A. C.
926. Lewis, D. and K. Sk'ld, A phenomenological study of the Fleischmann-Pons effect. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 294: p. 275.
First Author: Lewis, D.
927. Lewis, L.N., P.G. Kosky, and N. Lewis, On the search for non-electrochemical cold fusion: production of D2 off of high surface area Pd colloid. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1990. 145: p. 81.
First Author: Lewis, L. N.
928. Li, X.Z., An Introduction to Cold Fusion, in Science Daily. 1990.
First Author: Li, X. Z.
Review of cold fusion, in Chinese.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiXZanintroduc.pdf
First Author: Li, X. Z.
It is suggested that detecting the precursor of the "cold fusion" phenomenon in deuterium/solid systems will help solve the problem of reproducibility. The results of first step in this direction are discussed. Electromagnetic radiation and energetic charged particles have been detected. It has been shown that the surface condition has an important impact on this phenomenon.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiXZtheprecurs.pdf
First Author: Liaw, B. Y.
An investigation of elevated-temperature excess heat production in the Ti-D and Pd-D systems is presented here. A eutectic LiCl-KCl molten salt saturated with LiD is used as the electrolyte in a Pd/Al or Ti/Al electrochemical cell. Typical operating temperatures are around 370C, which results in faster kinetics compared to room temperature operation. If this system can be developed for utility applications, high-grade heat and high thermodynamic efficiencies can be expected. Since the electrolyte provides a very reducing environment, metal surface oxides are readily removed; thus, this unique system offers the possibility of using less expensive materials than Pd. A modified isoperibol calorimeter was built for the excess power measurements. Preliminary results show high levels of excess power output, especially in the Pd-D system, although the effect remains sporadic.
This is the Fusion Facts version of the paper, with a different title.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiawBYelevatedte.pdf
First Author: Lievrouw, L. A.
932. Lin, G.H., et al., Electrochemical fusion: a mechanism speculation. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 280: p. 207.
First Author: Lin, G. H.
933. Lin, G.H., et al., On electrochemical tritium production. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1990. 15: p. 537.
First Author: Lin, G. H.
934. Lin, T.L. and C.C. Liu, Cold fusion experiment at Department of Nuclear Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 487.
First Author: Lin, T. L.
935. Lindley, D., The Embarrassment of Cold Fusion. Nature (London), 1990. 344: p. 375.
First Author: Lindley, D.
This paper is available from:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v344/n6265/pdf/344375a0.pdf
A copy is also available here:
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/inthenews/1990/Nature-Embarassment.shtml
These links along with some selected quotes from the paper are included in the version here.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LindleyDtheembarra.pdf
First Author: Lindley, D.
937. Lipson, A.G., et al., Observation of neutrons from cavitation action on substances containing deuterium. Pis`ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1990. 16(9): p. 89 (in Russian).
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
938. Lipson, A.G., et al., Neutron generation by mechanical activation of metal surfaces. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1990. 16(17): p. 54 (in Russian).
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
939. Liu, Z., et al., Photoemission studies of Pd/D system with high deuterium content. Chin. Phys. Lett., 1990. 7: p. 125.
First Author: Liu, Z.
940. Longhurst, G.R., T.J. Dolan, and G.L. Henriksen, An investigation of energy balances in palladium cathode electrolysis experiments. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 337.
First Author: Longhurst, G. R.
941. Lopez, E., et al. Search for Charged-Particle d-d Fusion Products in an Encapsulated Pd Thin Film. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Lopez, E.
942. Lorenzini, E., P. Tartarini, and M. Trentin, Cold fusion: status of the research. Tec. Ital., 1990. 55(1): p. 1 (in Italian).
First Author: Lorenzini, E.
943. Louis, E., et al., Calculation of hydrogen-hydrogen potential energies and fusion rates in palladium hydride (PdxH2) clusters (x=2,4). Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 42: p. 4996.
First Author: Louis, E.
944. Maddox, J., Farewell (not fond) to cold fusion. Nature (London), 1990. 344(6265): p. 365.
First Author: Maddox, J.
This paper is available from:
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v344/n6265/pdf/344365a0.pdf
A copy is also available here:
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/inthenews/1990/Nature-Farewell.shtml
These links along with some selected quotes from the paper are included in the version here.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MaddoxJfarewellno.pdf
First Author: Marcus, H. L.
946. Mas, F., et al., Comment on: Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 93: p. 6118.
First Author: Mas, F.
947. Massaron, M. and F. Lamperti, La fusione fredda (Cold fusion). Tecnol. Chim., 1990. 10(4): p. 98 (in Italian).
First Author: Massaron, M.
948. Matsuda, J.I., T. Matsumoto, and K. Nagao, An attempt to detect (3)He from the cold nuclear fusion. J. Geochem., 1990. 24: p. 379.
First Author: Matsuda, J. I.
949. Matsumoto, O., et al. Tritium Production Rate. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Matsumoto, O.
950. Matsumoto, O., et al., Detection of neutrons in electrolysis of D2SO4-D2O solution by means of fission track method. Denki Kagaku, 1990. 58: p. 147.
First Author: Matsumoto, O.
951. Matsumoto, O., et al., Detection of tritium in cathode materials after the electrolysis of D2SO4-D2O solution. Denki Kagaku, 1990. 58: p. 471.
First Author: Matsumoto, O.
952. Matsumoto, T. Progress of NATTOH Model and New Particles Emitted During Cold Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
953. Matsumoto, T., Cold fusion observed with ordinary water. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 490.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
954. Matsumoto, T., Observation of new particles emitted during cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 356.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
955. Matsumoto, T., Prediction of new particle emission on cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 647.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
956. Matsunami, N., Solid state effects on tunnelling probability for d+d nuclear fusion at room temperature. Radiat. Effects Defects Solids, 1990. 112: p. 181.
First Author: Matsunami, N.
957. Mayer, F.J., J.S. King, and J.R. Reitz, Nuclear fusion from crack-generated particle acceleration. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 269.
First Author: Mayer, F. J.
958. McBreen, J., Absorption of electrolytic hydrogen and deuterium by Pd: the effect of cyanide adsorption. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 287: p. 279.
First Author: McBreen, J.
959. McCracken, D.R., et al., In search of nuclear fusion in electrolytic cells and in metal/gas systems. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(2): p. 121.
First Author: McCracken, D. R.
960. McCracken, G.M., et al., Experimental search for 'cold fusion' in the deuterium-titanium system. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 1990. 23: p. 469.
First Author: McCracken, G. M.
961. McDonald, K.A., Claims of Proponents of Cold Fusion Still Spark Controversy a Year Later. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 1990.
First Author: McDonald, K. A.
962. McFee, R.W., Review of ICCF1, Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990.
First Author: McFee, R. W.
963. McKee, J.S.C., et al. Neutron Emission from Low-Energy Deuteron Injection of Deuteron-Implanted Metal Foils (Pd, Ti, and In). in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: McKee, J. S. C.
964. McKibben, J.L., Explanation of low-intensity cold fusion. 1990.
First Author: McKibben, J. L.
965. McKibben, J.L., Passed-Over Evidence for Fractionally-Charged Particles with Associated Color Change. 1990.
First Author: McKibben, J. L.
966. McKubre, M.C.H., et al. Calorimetry and Electrochemistry in the D/Pd System. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: McKubre, M. C. H.
Experiments have been performed to examine the anomalous effects associated with the D/Pd system, and to discover some of the experimental variables that might be important to the effects. Experiments were concerned with calorimetry of the D/Pd system, but also monitored those experimental variables that might be important in causing the effects: the D/Pd ratio and its rate of change, interfacial phenomena such as the reduction of D2O, or reduction of contaminant species. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/McKubreMCHcalorimetr.pdf
First Author: Menlove, H. O.
Recent measurements of neutron emission from Ti metal in pressurized D2 gas have established the multiplicity distribution of neutron bursts emitted from the samples. A new 3He detector system with high sensitivity has been used to lower the detection limit so that small bursts emitting from 2-10 n can be distinguished from the cosmic-ray background. The frequency distribution of the neutrons indicates that the lower multiplicities occur much more frequently than the higher multiplicities as shown in Fig. 1. The improved sensitivity in our new detector system was obtained by using low radioactive background stainless-steel tubes, a small detector volume with high efficiency, and additional cosmic ray shielding. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=269
First Author: Menlove, H. O.
969. Menlove, H.O., et al., Measurement of neutron emission from Ti and Pd in pressurized D2 gas and D2O electrolysis cells. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 495.
First Author: Menlove, H. O.
970. Menlove, H.O. and M.C. Miller, Neutron-burst detectors for cold-fusion experiments. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1990. 299: p. 10.
First Author: Menlove, H. O.
971. Menlove, H.O., et al. Reproducible Neutron Emission Measurements From Ti Metal in Pressurized D2 Gas. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Menlove, H. O.
During the past year, we have measured neutron emission from samples of titanium (Ti) metal and sponge in pressurized D2 gas. In January 1990, we improved our sample preparation procedure and our detector sensitivity level so that the neutron-emission measurements are now reproducible, but not yet predictable. We have measured excess neutron emission from the majority of our most recent samples using our high-sensitivity neutron detectors. The improved sensitivity in our new detector system was obtained by using low-radioactive-background stainless steel tubes, a small detector volume with high efficiency, and additional cosmic-ray shielding. Our most sensitive detector consists of two independent segments making up inner and outer rings of 3He tubes. The combined total efficiency is 44%. In addition to inner and outer ring segments, we have three separate detector systems operating in parallel control experiments to monitor environmental change. We have measured neutron bursts from a variety of samples containing Ti metal and D2 gas. The low-multiplicity bursts, emitting from 2 to 10 n, occur much more frequently than the higher multiplicity bursts. By measuring high-mass samples (300 g Ti) over several weeks, with many liquid nitrogen temperature cycles, we have detected neutron emission above the background from most of the samples with a significance level of 3 to 9 σ.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MenloveHOreproducib.pdf
First Author: Meyerhof, W. E.
973. Middleton, R., J. Klein, and D. Fink, Tritium measurements with a tandem accelerator. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 1990. 47: p. 409.
First Author: Middleton, R.
974. Miles, M. and R.E. Miles, Theoretical neutron flux levels, dose rates, and metal foil activation in electrochemical cold fusion experiments. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 295: p. 409.
First Author: Miles, M.
975. Miles, M., K.H. Park, and D.E. Stilwell. Electrochemical Calorimetric Studies of the Cold Fusion Effect. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Miles, M.
Several types of calorimetric cell designs were used in attempts to measure excess enthalpy during the electrolysis of LiOD/D2O using palladium cathodes. Control experiments were run by using light water in place of D2O or by using platinum cathodes in place of palladium. Initial experiments using thin palladium cathodes of an unknown purity gave no significant differences between the Pd/D2O cells and the controls. For example, the ratio of heat out to Joule heat in was 1.00 0.04 for one study and 1.065 0.04 for another study in LiOD/D2O compared to 1.075 0.07 in LiOH/H2O. The use of a much thicker palladium rod (99.96%, d = 0.635 cm) from Johnson Matthey, however, resulted in calorimetric evidence for excess enthalpy in five out of six cells. The excess rate of heating averaged 0.39 W/cm^3 over a 9-day period in one experiment. The total excess enthalpy observed was 110,000 J. This excess enthalpy is difficult to explain by chemical reactions. Similar experiments conducted in H2O did not produce significant amounts of excess enthalpy. Possible experimental errors in these calorimetric studies are being investigated.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MilesMelectrochea.pdf
First Author: Miles, M.
977. Miley, G.H., Book Review: Cold Fusion,The Making of a Scientific Controversy by F. D. Peat. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 730.
First Author: Miley, G. H.
978. Miley, G.H., O. Barnouin, and B. Temple. Detection of Reaction Products Induced in Plasma Focus Electrodes. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Miley, G. H.
979. Miley, G.H., M. Ragheb, and H. Hora. On Aspects of Nuclear Products. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Miley, G. H.
Reaction product measurements are not yet conclusive and often appear contradictory. Still the measurement of tritium in several different laboratories appears most convincing. However, there is growing evidence that the tritium production rate can only account for a few percent of the heating rate while the neutron rate is only 10^-5 to 10^-8 times the tritium rate.
Various mechanisms proposed to explain these observations are reviewed. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=221
First Author: Miljanic, S.
981. Mills, R.L. and J.J. Farrell, A New Atomic Theory. 1990.
First Author: Mills, R. L.
982. Montgomery, J.R., et al. Correlated Nuclear and Thermal Measurements in D/Pd and H/Pd Systems. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Montgomery, J. R.
983. Morgan, J.D., Comment on: Deuterium nuclear fusion at room temperature: a pertinent inequality on barrier penetration. J. Chem. Phys., 1990. 93: p. 6115.
First Author: Morgan, J. D.
984. Morgan, J.D. and H.J. Monkhurst, Simple model for accurate calculation of Coulomb-barrier penetration factors in molecular fusion rates. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1990. 42(9): p. 5175.
First Author: Morgan, J. D.
985. Morrey, J.R., et al., Measurements of helium in electrolyzed palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 659.
First Author: Morrey, J. R.
986. Morrison, D.R.O., The Rise And Decline of Cold Fusion. Physics World, 1990: p. 35.
First Author: Morrison, D. R. O.
987. Morrison, D.R.O. Review of Cold Fusion. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Morrison, D. R. O.
Experimental results on Cold Fusion are reviewed. Most experiments find no effect and the upper limits are appreciably lower than the positive effects claimed in some experiments. It is concluded that (a) there is no excess heat production, (b) the balance of evidence is strongly against fusion products. A curious Regionalisation of Results is observed where only negative results are found in some parts of the world and only positive results in other pans. Further the ratio of positive to negative results varies with time. Previous studies of Palladium indicate that fusion should not occur inside the metal. Cold Fusion is best explained as an example of Pathological Science.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MorrisonDRreviewofco.pdf
First Author: Muguet, F. F.
989. Mukhopadhyay, R., et al., Real time deuterium loading investigation in palladium using neutron diffraction. Solid State Commun., 1990. 75: p. 359.
First Author: Mukhopadhyay, R.
990. Murr, L.E., Palladium metallurgy and cold fusion: some remarks. Scr. Metallurg. Mater., 1990. 24: p. 783.
First Author: Murr, L. E.
991. Myers, S.M., et al., Search for Cold Fusion in Superstoichiometric Palladium Deuteride Using Ion Implantation. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 263.
First Author: Myers, S. M.
992. Nager, U., et al., High Precision Calorimetric Apparatus for Studying Electrolysis Reactions. Rev. Sci. Instr., 1990. 61(5): p. 1504.
First Author: Nager, U.
993. Nakazawa, M., Urtra low-level neutron counting. Hoshasen, 1990. 16(3): p. 8 (in Japanese).
First Author: Nakazawa, M.
994. Nakazawa, M., et al., Cold fusion and low level neutron measurements. Nihon Genshiryoku Gakkaishi, 1990. 32: p. 114 (In Japanese).
First Author: Nakazawa, M.
995. NCFI. The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: NCFI
Proceedings of The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf
First Author: Nimtz, G.
997. Nishizawa, K., Radiation Protection Aspects of cold fusion. Hoken Butsuri, 1990. 25: p. 288 (in Japanese).
First Author: Nishizawa, K.
998. Oguro, K., Hydrogen absorbing alloys and low-temperature nuclear fusion. Zairyo, 1990. 39(437): p. 228 (in Japanese).
First Author: Oguro, K.
999. Olemskoj, A.I. and E.A. Toropov, On the fluctuation theory of cold fusion. Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), 1990. 35(11): p. 1619 (in Russian).
First Author: Olemskoj, A. I.
1000. Oriani, R.A., et al., Calorimetric measurements of excess power output during the cathodic charging of deuterium into palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 652.
First Author: Oriani, R. A.
A Seebeck-effect calorimeter was used to establish that generation of energy, in excess of the electrical energy input, can occur during the electrolysis of D2O. The magnitude of the excess power is measured with respect to the electrolysis of H2O as the baseline. The excess power levels of >60 W/cm^3 palladium and excess energies of 74 kJ cannot be understood in terms of recombination of D2 and O2 within the calorimeter, other chemical reactions, or a storage-and-relaxation mechanism.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAcalorimetr.pdf
First Author: Oyama, N.
1002. Oyama, N., et al., Probing absorption of deuterium into palladium cathodes during D2O electrolysis with an in situ electrochemical microbalance technique. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2, 1990. 29(5): p. L818.
First Author: Oyama, N.
This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
The in situ observation of the absorption of deuterium (or hydrogen) into the Pd cathode during D2O (or H2O) electrolysis was made by an electrochemical microbalance technique which is based on the quartz-crystal electrode. The resonant frequency of the Pd-coated quartz-crystal electrode decreased with increasing amount of charge passed during electrolysis, and the frequency change for the D2O electrolysis was about twice that for the H2O electrolysis. The atom ratios of H/Pd and D/Pd of the H-Pd and D-Pd compounds resulting from the electrolysis were estimated to be 0.59 and 0.57, respectively.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OyamaNprobingabs.pdf
First Author: Oyama, Y.
1004. Palamalai, A., et al., Preliminary experimental studies on electrochemically induced fusion of deuterium. Trans. SAEST, 1990. 25: p. 73.
First Author: Palamalai, A.
1005. Paleschi, V., et al., A plasma model of the process of cold nuclear fusion in metals. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 148: p. 345.
First Author: Paleschi, V.
1006. Para, A.F., et al., Neutron Monitoring and Related Measurements During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium and Titanium Cathodes: Activity Report. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 131.
First Author: Para, A. F.
1007. Parish, T.A., R.T. Perry, and W.B. Wilson, Neutron sources and spectra from cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 479.
First Author: Parish, T. A.
1008. Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, Cold fusion in palladium: a more realistic calculation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1990. 87: p. 8652.
First Author: Parmenter, R. H.
1009. Parmenter, R.H. and W.E. Lamb, More cold fusion in metals: corrected calculations and other considerations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 1990. 87: p. 3177.
First Author: Parmenter, R. H.
1010. Paseka, I. and J. Vondrak, Cold nuclear fusion. Chem. Listy, 1990. 84: p. 897 (in Czech).
First Author: Paseka, I.
1011. Pokropivnii, V.V. and V.V. Ogorodnikov, The bineutron model of cold nuclear fusion in metals. Pis`ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1990. 16(21): p. 31 (in Russian).
First Author: Pokropivnii, V. V.
1012. Pons, S. and M. Fleischmann. Calorimetry of the Palladium-Deuterium System. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Pons, S.
Our calorimetric measurements of the Pd/D system both in the period leading up to the preliminary publication (1) (for some corrections see(2)) and in the period leading up to the submission of the first full paper(3) showed that it is necessary to make measurements on a large number of electrodes for long times (the mean time chosen for a measurement cycle has been 3 months). It has therefore been necessary to adopt a low cost approach; our solution has been to use the single compartment Dewar cell type calorimeters illustrated in Fig. 1 and we have maintained up to five of these cells in each of three specially constructed water baths (see Section 1 below). The same type of calorimeter has been used for blank measurements on the Pd-H, Pt-D, and Pt-H systems.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=20
First Author: Pons, S.
1014. Pons, S., et al., Method and Apparatus for Power Generation. 1990: WO 90/10935,1990.
First Author: Pons, S.
1015. Pool, R., Wolf: My Tritium Was Impurity. Science, 1990.
First Author: Pool, R.
1016. Pool, R., Cold Fusion: End of Act 1. Science, 1990. 244: p. 1039.
First Author: Pool, R.
1017. Porter, J.D., et al., Limits on electromagnetic and particle emission from palladium-D2O electrolytic cells. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 319.
First Author: Porter, J. D.
1018. Powell, G.L., et al., The preparation of palladium for cold fusion experiments. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 355.
First Author: Powell, G. L.
1019. Prelas, M.A., et al., Cold fusion experiments using Maxwellian plasmas and sub-atmospheric deuterium gas. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 309.
First Author: Prelas, M. A.
1020. Preparata, G. Fractofusion Revisted. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Preparata, G.
1021. Preparata, G. Theoretical Ideas on Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Preparata, G.
The rapidly expanding experimental body of information on the phenomena attributed to cold nuclear fusion poses several funda.mental challenges to the generally accepted physical picture of both condensed matter and nuclear physics. In this presentation I will show how a recently proposed approach to the coherent electrodynamic processes in condensed matter, in terms of the 80 called "superradiant" behavior, can be used to provide for explicit coherent mechanism! for: (al greatly enhancing the tunneling probability in the DD fusion process; (b) ultrarapid electron cooling of the excited compound nucleus, thus strongly suppressing the usual n-3 He and p-T channels of DD fusion in vacuum.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=110
First Author: Press, A.
1023. Price, P.B., Search for high-energy ions from fracture of LiD crystals. Nature (London), 1990. 343: p. 542 (Feb 1990).
First Author: Price, P. B.
1024. Rabinowitz, M., High temperature superconductivity and cold fusion. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 4(4): p. 233.
First Author: Rabinowitz, M.
1025. Rabinowitz, M., Cluster-impact fusion: new physics or experimental error. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 4: p. 665.
First Author: Rabinowitz, M.
1026. Rabinowitz, M., et al. Cluster-Impact Fusion: Bridge Between Hot and Cold Fusion? in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Rabinowitz, M.
1027. Rabinowitz, M. and D.H. Worledge, An analysis of cold and lukewarm fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 344.
First Author: Rabinowitz, M.
1028. Rafelski, J., et al., How cold fusion can be catalyzed. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 136.
First Author: Rafelski, J.
1029. Rafelski, J., et al., Nuclear reactions catalyzed by a massive negatively charged particle. How Cold Fusion Can Be Catalyzed. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 136.
First Author: Rafelski, J.
1030. Ragheb, M. and G.H. Miley, Deuteron disintegration in condensed media. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 429.
First Author: Ragheb, M.
1031. Ragland, E., Triode cell experiments for controlled Fleischmann/Pons effect. 1990.
First Author: Ragland, E.
1032. Rant, J., et al., Methods for in-situ detection of cold fusion in condensed matter. Kerntechnik, 1990. 55: p. 165.
First Author: Rant, J.
1033. Redey, L., et al., Calorimetric measurements on electrochemical cells with Pd-D cathodes. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 249.
First Author: Redey, L.
1034. Rehm, K.E., W. Kutschera, and G.J. Perlow, Search for protons from the 2H(d,p)3H reaction in an electrolytic cell with palladium-platinum electrodes. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 41(1): p. 45.
First Author: Rehm, K. E.
1035. Rice, R.A., G.S. Chulick, and Y.E. Kim. The Effect of Velocity Distribution and Electron Screening on Cold Fusion. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Rice, R. A.
It is demonstrated that electron screening, in combination with a particle velocity distribution, greatly enhances the cross sections and reaction rates for deuteron-deuteron (D-D) and proton-deuteron (p-D) fusion for low kinetic energies (E <= 20 e V, center of mass frame). Jr D fusion rates are shown to be comparable to D-D fusion rates for E ~ 10 eV, so that in electrolysis experiments with equal amounts of H and D, p-D fusion should compete with D-D fusion as a reaction mechanism.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=204
First Author: Rice, R. A.
1037. Rice-Evans, P. and H. Evans, Search for neutrons from cold nuclear fusion. Eur. J. Phys., 1990. 11: p. 251.
First Author: Rice-Evans, P.
1038. Ritley, K.A., et al., The behavior of electrochemical cell resistance: a possible application to cold fusion experiments. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 699.
First Author: Ritley, K. A.
1039. Ritley, K.A., et al. A Search for Cold Fusion Signatures in Cathodically Charged Palladium. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Ritley, K. A.
1040. Rittner, E.S. and A. Meulenberg, A chemical interpretation of heat generated in 'cold fusion'. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 377.
First Author: Rittner, E. S.
1041. Roberts, D.A., et al., Energy and flux limits of cold fusion neutrons using a deuterated liquid scintillator. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 42: p. R1809.
First Author: Roberts, D. A.
1042. Rock, P.A., et al., Energy balance in the electrolysis of water with a palladium cathode. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 293: p. 261.
First Author: Rock, P. A.
1043. Rogers, V.C. and G.M. Sandquist, Cold fusion reaction products and their measurement. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 483.
First Author: Rogers, V. C.
1044. Rogers, V.C. and G.M. Sandquist, Isotopic Hydrogen Fusion in Metals. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 483.
First Author: Rogers, V. C.
1045. Rolison, D.R., et al. Anomalies in the Surface Analysis of Deuterated Palladium. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Rolison, D. R.
The surface and near-surface analytical characterization of thin palladium foils after the electrolysis of H2O or D2O was performed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution mass spectrometry, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These surface characterizations revealed a number of anomalous results, as summarized below.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RolisonDRanomaliesi.pdf
First Author: Rolison, D. R.
1047. Rosen, G., Groundstate thermalization of hydrogen isotopes in certain metals: enhancement of p+d and d+d nuclear fusion rates by Bethe-Bloch polarization. Hadronic J., 1990. 13: p. 255.
First Author: Rosen, G.
1048. Roth, J., et al., Fusion reactions during low energy deuterium implantation into titanium. Nucl. Fusion, 1990. 30: p. 441.
First Author: Roth, J.
1049. Russell, J.L., Plausibility argument for a suggested mechanism for cold fusion. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 1990. 17(10): p. 545.
First Author: Russell, J. L.
1050. Sahni, V.C., Comment on 'Cold fusion in condensed matter: is a theoretical description in terms of usual solid state physics possible?'. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1990. 4(7): p. 497.
First Author: Sahni, V. C.
1051. Saito, N., et al., Search for cold-fusion neutrons from palladium breathing deuterons. Denshi Gijutsu Sogo Kenkyusho Iho, 1990. 54(9): p. 986 (in Japanese).
First Author: Saito, N.
1052. Salamon, M.H., et al., Limits on the emission of neutrons, gamma-rays, electrons and protons from Pons/Fleischmann electrolytic cells. Nature (London), 1990. 344: p. 401.
First Author: Salamon, M. H.
1053. Sandquist, G.M. and V.C. Rogers, Enhancement of cold fusion reaction rates. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 351.
First Author: Sandquist, G. M.
1054. Sasaki, A., An approach to cold fusion. Kenkyu Kiyo - Miyagi Kogyo Koto Senmom Gakko, 1990. 26: p. 47.
First Author: Sasaki, A.
1055. Savinell, R.F. and H.S. Burney Jr., Report of the electrolytic industries for the year 1989. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1990. 137: p. 485C.
First Author: Savinell, R. F.
1056. Schaller, C., Fusion Lecturer Cold To Press, in Los Alamos Monitor. 1990: Los AlamosEditor.
First Author: Schaller, C.
1057. Schaller, C., Scientist Convinced Process is Nuclear, in Los Alamos Monitor. 1990: Los AlamosEditor. p. 1.
First Author: Schaller, C.
1058. Schaller, C., Scientists Careful in Fusion Finds, in Monitor. 1990: Los AlamosEditor. p. 1.
First Author: Schaller, C.
1059. Schaller, C., Scientists Seeing Results in Cold Fusion, in Monitor. 1990: Los AlamosEditor. p. 183.
First Author: Schaller, C.
1060. Schilling, K.D., et al., Search for charged-particle emission from deuterated palladium foils. Z. Phys. A: At. Nucl., 1990. 336: p. 1.
First Author: Schilling, K. D.
1061. Schreiber, M., et al. Recent Experimental Results on the Thermal Behavior of Electrochemical Cells in the Hydrogen-Palladium and Deuterium-Palladium Systems. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Schreiber, M.
This paper reports calorimetric experiments related to the energy breakeven issue during heavy water electrolysis using a Pd cathode in thermodynamically closed cells. A comparison with light water electrolysis under the same conditions is also given. Excess power has been observed in a number of cases in which the overall energy balance becomes positive after a short period, leading to the generation of significant amounts of excess energy. In one case, excess power was maintained over a period of ten days, and produced over 23 MJ of excess energy per mole of palladium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchreiberMrecentexpe.pdf
First Author: Schreiber, M.
This paper reports calorimetric experiments related to the energy breakeven issue during heavy water electrolysis using a Pd cathode in thermodynamically closed cells. A comparison with light water electrolysis under the same conditions is also given. Excess power has been observed in a number of cases in which the overall energy balance becomes positive after a short period, leading to the generation of significant amounts of excess energy. In one case, excess power was maintained over a period of ten days, and produced over 23 MJ of excess energy per mole of palladium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=63
First Author: Schwinger, J.
The distinct nature of the cold fusion regime is emphasized: electromagnetic selection rules suppress radiation, permitting excess energy transference to the lattice; the coherent nature of the wave-function is at variance with the standard separation between barrier penetration and nuclear reactivity. The discussion is restricted to tritium production, based on the dd reaction that populates the first excited state of 4He, which decays into t+p, whereas the formation of 3He+n is energetically forbidden. Production rates compatible with the broad range of experimental results are realized within a narrow parametric interval. The great sensitivity to the physical circumstances is reminiscent of the reproducibility problems that have plagued this field.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchwingerJnuclearene.pdf
First Author: Schwinger, J.
1065. Schwinger, J., Cold fusion: a hypothesis. Z. Naturforsch. A, 1990. 45A: p. 756.
First Author: Schwinger, J.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchwingerJcoldfusion.pdf
First Author: Scott, C. D.
1067. Scott, C.D., et al. The Initiation of Excess Power and Possible Products of Nuclear Interactions During the Electrolysis of Heavy Water. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Scott, C. D.
The electrolysis of heavy water is being investigated with an insulated flow calorimetric system. In each of a series of tests, the electrolyte was 0.1 to 1.0 LiOD in D2O and cylindrical palladium cathodes surrounded by wire-wound platinum anodes were used at cathode current densities of 100 to 800 mA/cm^2. The most recent test was made with a "closed system" without off-gas in which the electrolysis gases were internally recombined. Fast neutrons and gamma rays were measured continuously during each test. It was shown that certain system perturbations could initiate and extend the generation of excess power. In one test, an apparent increase in the neutron count rate was also coincident with system perturbations.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ScottCDtheinitiat.pdf
First Author: Scott, C. D.
1069. Seeliger, D., Physical problems of the investigations into nuclear fusion in condensed media. Isotopenpraxis, 1990. 26: p. 384 (in German).
First Author: Seeliger, D.
1070. Segre, S.E., et al., A mechanism for neutron emission from deuterium trapped in metals. Europhys. Lett., 1990. 11: p. 201.
First Author: Segre, S. E.
1071. Shohoji, N., Unique features of hydrogen in palladium metal lattice: hints for discussing the possible occurrence of cold nuclear fusion. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1990. 9: p. 231.
First Author: Shohoji, N.
1072. Silvera, I.F. and E. Moshary, Deuterated palladium at temperatures from 4.3 to 400K and pressures to 105 kbar: search for cold fusion. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 42(14): p. 9143.
First Author: Silvera, I. F.
1073. Simanek, E., Quantum tunnelling through a fluctuating barrier. Enhancement of cold-fusion rate. Physica A, 1990. 164: p. 147.
First Author: Simanek, E.
1074. Skerrett, P.J., Cold Fusion at Texas A&M: Problems, but No Fraud. Science, 1990. 250: p. 1507.
First Author: Skerrett, P. J.
1075. Skibbe, U. and G. Neue, A 2D-NMR method to study near-surface regions of conductors. Colloids Surf., 1990. 45: p. 235.
First Author: Skibbe, U.
1076. Sobkowski, J., Cold fusion - facts and opinions. Wiad. Chem., 1990. 44: p. 587 (in Polish).
First Author: Sobkowski, J.
1077. Sobotka, L.G. and P. Winter, Fracture without fusion (Scientific correspondence). Nature (London), 1990. 343: p. 601.
First Author: Sobotka, L. G.
1078. Sohlberg, K. and K. Szalewicz, Fusion rates for deuterium in titanium clusters. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 144(6,7): p. 365.
First Author: Sohlberg, K.
1079. Soifer, V.N., et al., Neutron yield in heavy-water electrolysis. Sov. Phys. Dokl., 1990. 35(6): p. 546.
First Author: Soifer, V. N.
1080. Sona, P.G. and M. Ferrari, The possible negative influence of dissolved O2 in cold nuclear fusion experiments. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 678.
First Author: Sona, P. G.
1081. Sona, P.G., et al., Preliminary tests on tritium and neutrons in cold nuclear fusion within palladium cathodes. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 713.
First Author: Sona, P. G.
1082. Soriaga, M.P., Surface Electrochemical Studies of Pd in Alkaline D2O Solutions. 1990.
First Author: Soriaga, M. P.
1083. Southon, J.R., et al., Upper limit for neutron emission from cold deuteron-triton fusion. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1990. 41(5): p. R1899.
First Author: Southon, J. R.
1084. Spinrad, B.I., On cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 343.
First Author: Spinrad, B. I.
1085. Srinivasan, M., et al. Statistical Analysis of Neutron Emission in Cold Fusion Experiments. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Srinivasan, M.
The paper discusses two techniques for studying the multiplicity spectrum of neutron emission in cold fusion experiments. In the first method the multiplicity distribution of counts in 20 ms time intervals is analysed to give information about the statistics of neutron emission in cold fusion. The results of six such experiments indicate that about 10 to 25% of the neutrons produced in cold fusion are emitted in the form of bunches 400 to 600 neutrons each. The other method discussed is an adaptation of the Artificial Dead Time method developed originally for reactor noise analysis as well as for the passive neutron assay of plutonium. An expression for the fractional loss of counts in the presence of dead time is derived. It is shown that a neutron detection efficiency of ~ 1% is adequate to estimate the average multiplicity as well as the fraction of bunched neutron emission in the presence of a Poisson background.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasanstatistica.pdf
First Author: Srinivasan, M.
The observation of significant neutron yield from gas loaded titanium samples at Frascati in April 1989 opened up an alternate pathway to the investigation of anomalous nuclear phenomena in deuterium/solid systems, complimenting the electrolytic approach. Since then atleast six different groups have successfully measured burst neutron emission from deuterated titanium shavings following the Frascati methodology, the special feature of which was the use of liquid nitrogen to create repeated thermal cycles resulting in the production of non-equilibrium conditions in the deuterated samples. At Trombay several variations of the gas loading procedure have been investigated including induction heating of single machined titanium targets in a glass chamber as well as use of a plasma focus device for deuteriding its central titanium electrode.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasanobservatio.pdf
First Author: Srivastava, O. N.
1088. Steinert, C., Laser-induced 'semicold' fusion. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 206.
First Author: Steinert, C.
1089. Stilwell, D.E., K.H. Park, and M. Miles, Electrochemical Calorimetric Studies on the Electrolysis of Water and Heavy Water (D2O). J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 333.
First Author: Stilwell, D. E.
1090. Storms, E. and C.L. Talcott. A Study of Electrolytic Tritium Production. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Storms, E.
Tritium production is being investigated using cathodes made from palladium and its alloys (with Li, C, S, B, and Be) to which are applied various surface treatments. Three anode materials (Pt, Ni and stainless steel), and various impurities in the electrolyte have also been used. Tritium has been produced in about 10% of the cells studied, but there is, as yet, no pattern of behavior that would make the effect predictable.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEastudyofel.pdf
First Author: Storms, E.
Fifty-three electrolytic cells of various configurations and electrode compositions were examined for tritium production. Significant tritium was found in eleven cells at levels between 1.5 and 80 times the starting concentration after enrichment corrections are made.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEelectrolyt.pdf
First Author: Tabet, E.
1093. Tabet, E. and A. Tenenbaum, A dynamical model for cold fusion in deuterated palladium. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 143.
First Author: Tabet, E.
1094. Tabet, E. and A. Tenenbaum, Nuclear reactions from lattice collapse in a cold fusion model. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 144(6,7): p. 301.
First Author: Tabet, E.
1095. Tajima, T., H. Iyetomi, and S. Ichimaru, Influence of attractive interaction between deuterons in Pd on nuclear fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 437.
First Author: Tajima, T.
1096. Takaharu, G., et al., Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion. 1990: European Patent Application, 90107987.1.
First Author: Takaharu, G.
1097. Takahashi, A., et al., Short Note : Emission of 2.45 MeV and Higher Energy Neutrons from D2O-Pd Cell Under Biased-Pulse Electrolysis. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27: p. 663.
First Author: Takahashi, A.
1098. Takahashi, A., et al. Neutron Spectra from D2O-Pd Cells with Pulsed Electrolysis. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Takahashi, A.
1099. Takahashi, A., et al., Emission of 2.45 MeV and higher energy neutrons from D2O-Pd cell under biased-pulse electrolysis. J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 1990. 27: p. 663.
First Author: Takahashi, A.
1100. Takahashi, H. The Roles of Coherency and Intermittency on D-D Fusion Reaction in PdDx Deuteride. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Takahashi, H.
1101. Takahashi, H., Dynamical screening of potential by mobile deuteron and fusion rate of accelerated deuteron in PdDx. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 441.
First Author: Takahashi, H.
1102. Talcott, C.L. Palladium Lattice Dimension Changes Associated With the Two Legs of the Hystersis Loop. in JOWOG-12 Meeting, Atomic Weapons Estab. 1990. Aldermaston.
First Author: Talcott, C. L.
1103. Talcott, C.L. and E. Storms. An Overview of "Cold Fusion". in JOWOG-12 Meeting, Atomic Weapons Estab. 1990. Aldermaston, England.
First Author: Talcott, C. L.
1104. Tamayo, J.M.M., et al., Experiments on cold fusion at IMP. Rev. Inst. Mex. Pet., 1990. 22: p. 42 (in Spanish).
First Author: Tamayo, J. M. M.
1105. Taniguchi, N., et al., Conditions for cold nuclear fusion. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1990(9): p. 992 (in Japanese).
First Author: Taniguchi, N.
1106. Taniguchi, R. and T. Yamamoto. High Sensitivity Measurement of Charged Particles Emitted During Pulsed Electrolysis of D2O. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Taniguchi, R.
1107. Taniguchi, R. and T. Yamamoto, High sensitivity measurement of charged particles using a silicon surface barrier detector. Hoshasen, 1990. 16: p. 29 (in Japanese).
First Author: Taniguchi, R.
1108. Taniguchi, R., T. Yamamoto, and S. Irie, Fine structure of the charged particle bursts induced by D2O electrolysis. Bull. Univ. Osaka Prefect., Ser A, 1990. 39(2): p. 233.
First Author: Taniguchi, R.
1109. Taubes, G., Cold Fusion Conundrum at Texas A & M. Science, 1990. 248: p. 1299.
First Author: Taubes, G.
1110. Tesch, S., Yet again 'cold' nuclear fusion. Radio. Fernsehen Elektro. (East Ger.), 1990. 39 53 (In German).
First Author: Tesch, S.
1111. Thompson, D.T., A report from the meeting in Salt Lake City. Platinum Met. Rev., 1990. 34: p. 136.
First Author: Thompson, D. T.
1112. Tomellini, M. and D. Gozzi, On the possibility for local oversaturation of deuterium in palladium. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1990. 9: p. 836.
First Author: Tomellini, M.
1113. Tran, D.N., et al., Investigation of nuclear fusion at the normal temperature. Tap Chi Vat Ly, 1990. 15(1): p. 29 (in Vietnamese).
First Author: Tran, D. N.
1114. Tsarev, V.A., Cold fusion. Sov. Phys. Usp., 1990. 33(11): p. 881.
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
1115. Tsarev, V.A. and D.H. Worledge. Review of new results on cold nuclear fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
1116. Tuggle, D.G., et al., Solid State Fusion Update. 1990: Los Alamos.
First Author: Tuggle, D. G.
1117. Turner, L., Peregrinations on cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9: p. 447.
First Author: Turner, L.
1118. Ulmann, M., et al., Surface and electrochemical characterization of Pd cathodes after prolonged charging in LiOD + D2O solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 286: p. 257.
First Author: Ulmann, M.
1119. Van der Merwe, P.T., Enhanced fusion induced by affiliated muons. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 696.
First Author: Van der Merwe, P. T.
1120. Velev, O.A. and R.C. Kainthla, Heat flow calorimeter with a personal-computer-based data acquisition system. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 351.
First Author: Velev, O. A.
1121. Vysotskii, V. and R.N. Kuz'min. The Theory of Nonthreshold Cold Fusion in Solids. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Vysotskii, V.
1122. Waanders, F.B. and J.J.A. Smit, Koue kernsmelting" (Cold fusion). Spectrum, 1990. 28: p. 46 (in Afrikaans).
First Author: Waanders, F. B.
1123. Waber, J.T. and T.L. Elifritz, The OGG-Schafroth theory of high temperature superconductivity and its relation to cold fusion. 1990.
First Author: Waber, J. T.
1124. Wada, N., Possibility of room temperature nuclear fusion. Suri Kagaku, 1990. 330: p. 69 (in Japanese).
First Author: Wada, N.
1125. Wagner, F.T., et al., A comparison of calorimetric methods applied to the electrolysis of heavy water on palladium cathodes. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 295: p. 393.
First Author: Wagner, F. T.
1126. Wakao, S., K. Ozeki, and H. Sawa, Gamma-ray emission from hydrogen-absorbing metal cathodes in D2O. J. Adv. Sci., 1990. 2(3): p. 149 (in Japanese with English abstract).
First Author: Wakao, S.
1127. Walters, R.T. and M.W. Lee, Two Plateaux for Palladium Hydride and the Effect of Helium from Tritium Decay on the Desorption Plateau Pressure for Palladium Tritide. J. Less-Common Met., 1990.
First Author: Walters, R. T.
1128. Wang, R., Remarks on the possibility of cold fusion. Commun. Theor. Phys. (China), 1990. 13: p. 549.
First Author: Wang, R.
1129. Wei, S.H. and A. Zunger, Instability of diatomic deuterium in fcc palladium. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 367.
First Author: Wei, S. H.
1130. Wei, S.H. and A. Zunger, Stability of atomic and diatomic hydrogen in fcc palladium. Solid State Commun., 1990. 73: p. 327.
First Author: Wei, S. H.
1131. Werth, J., et al., Experimental Investigations into the Pons-Fleischmann Effect. 1990.
First Author: Werth, J.
1132. Whaley, K.B., Boson enhancement of finite-temperature coherent dynamics for deuterium in metals. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1990. 41(6): p. 3473.
First Author: Whaley, K. B.
1133. White, C.T., et al., Limits of chemical effects on cold fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(3): p. 363.
First Author: White, C. T.
1134. Wiesmann, H., Examination of cathodically charged palladium electrodes for excess heat, neutron emission, or tritium production. Fusion Technol., 1990. 17: p. 350.
First Author: Wiesmann, H.
1135. Wilhelmi, Z., et al., Search for neutron emission in the deuterium-palladium system. Nukleonika, 1990. 35(7-9): p. 175.
First Author: Wilhelmi, Z.
1136. Will, F.G., Groups Reporting Cold Fusion Evidence. 1990, National Cold Fusion Institute: Salt Lake City, UT.
First Author: Will, F. G.
A table showing 92 groups from 10 countries that reported replications of cold fusion by September 12, 1990. Published by the National Cold Fusion Institute. This table reproduced from Mallove, E., Fire From Ice. 1991, NY: John Wiley, pp. 246-248
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WillFGgroupsrepo.pdf
First Author: Wolf, K. L.
1138. Wolf, K.L., et al. Tritium and Tritons in Cold Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Wolf, K. L.
1139. Wolf, W.L., et al. Neutron Emission from Deuterium-Loaded Metals. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Wolf, W. L.
1140. Wolfer, W.G., The Elastic Properties of Aged Tritides. 1990.
First Author: Wolfer, W. G.
1141. Worledge, D.H. Technical Status of Cold Fusion Results and Meeting Summary. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Worledge, D. H.
1142. Worledge, D.H. Technical Status of Cold Fusion Results. in The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.
First Author: Worledge, D. H.
Experimental results in cold fusion research up to the end of the 1989 are reviewed to gain a perspective on the credibility of the phenomena. The review does not attempt to be comprehensive but concentrates on the highest quality experiments claiming to give positive results. The results are used to formulate a strategy for continuing to support cold fusion research in 1990.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIthefirstan.pdf#page=271
First Author: Xu, J.
1144. Yague, A.R., Cold nuclear fusion and its history. Metal. Electr. (Spain), 1990. 54(618): p. 134 (in Spanish).
First Author: Yague, A. R.
1145. Yamaguchi, E. and T. Nishioka. Nuclear Fusion Induced by the Controlled Out-Transport of Deuterons in Palladium. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Yamaguchi, E.
1146. Yamaguchi, E. and T. Nishioka, Cold fusion induced by controlled out-diffusion of deuterons in palladium. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 2, 1990. 29(4): p. L666.
First Author: Yamaguchi, E.
A gigantic neutron burst of (1-2)10^6 n/s has been detected from deuterated Pd plates with heterostructures set in a vacuum chamber. An explosive release of D2 gas, biaxial bending of all the samples, and excess heat evolution were also observed at the same time. It has been concluded that these phenomena are caused by the cooperative production of D accumulation layers at Pd surfaces due to controlled out-diffusion of D-atoms.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/YamaguchiEcoldfusion.pdf
First Author: Yamamoto, N.
1148. Yamamoto, T., T. Oka, and R. Taniguchi, In-situ observation of deuteride formation in palladium electrochemical cathode by x-ray diffraction method. Annu. Rep. Osaka Prefect. Radiat. Res. Inst., 1990. 30: p. 79.
First Author: Yamamoto, T.
1149. Yang, C.S., et al. Observation of Excess Heat and Tritium on Electrolysis of D2O. in 8th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 1990. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, 2540 Dole St., Holmes Hall 246, Honolulu, HI 96822.
First Author: Yang, C. S.
1150. Yang, F., On cold fusion. Nucl. Tech. (China), 1990. 13(12): p. 705 (in Chinese).
First Author: Yang, F.
1151. Yao, Y.D., et al., Observation of cathodic charging on a palladium electrode in heavy water. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1990. 9: p. 228.
First Author: Yao, Y. D.
1152. Zahm, L.L., et al., Experimental investigations of the electrolysis of D2O using palladium cathodes and platinum anodes. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1990. 281: p. 313.
First Author: Zahm, L. L.
1153. Zakowicz, W. and J. Rafelski. Coupled Channel Model for Ultra-Low Energy Deuteron-Deuteron Fusion. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Zakowicz, W.
1154. Zelenskii, V.F., et al., Experimental investigation of cold D-D-fusion by ion implantation. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1990(1): p. 91 (in Russian).
First Author: Zelenskii, V. F.
1155. Zelenskii, V.F., et al., Experiments on cold nuclear fusion in Pd and Ti saturated with deuterium by ion implantation. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1990. 52(1): p. 65 (in Russian).
First Author: Zelenskii, V. F.
1156. Zhang, Z.-L., et al. Calorimetric Observation Combined with the Detection of Particle Emissions During the Electrolysis of Heavy Water. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Zhang, Z.-L.
1157. Zhu, S.B., J. Lee, and G.W. Robinson, Non-Maxwell velocity distributions in inhomogeneous materials. J. Fusion Energy, 1990. 9(4): p. 465.
First Author: Zhu, S. B.
1158. Zhu, S.B., J. Lee, and G.W. Robinson, Nonlinear effects on thermonuclear reaction rates. Phys. Lett. A, 1990. 144: p. 361.
First Author: Zhu, S. B.
1159. Adkisson, W.M., The Cause of and Happenings During Cold Fusion Events. 1991.
First Author: Adkisson, W. M.
1160. Agnello, M., et al. Improvement of the TOFUS Apparatus. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Agnello, M.
The TOFUS experiment was started in order to detect 2.45 Me V neutrons emitted from a Ti/D system in the gas phase. Improvements in the electronics of the neutron detector, based on the double scattering technique, and in the performances of a new cell are described.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=264
First Author: An, X. W.
1162. Anufriev, G.S. and B.S. Boltenkov, Helium isotopes and hydrogen in aluminium and other metals. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1991. 56(2): p. 73 (in Russian).
First Author: Anufriev, G. S.
1163. Aoyama, T., et al., Highly reliable low-level neutron detection using 3He proportional counters. Radioisot., 1991. 40: p. 188.
First Author: Aoyama, T.
1164. Arzhannikov, A.V. and G.Y. Kezerashvili, First observation of neutron emission from chemical reactions. Phys. Lett., 1991. A156: p. 514.
First Author: Arzhannikov, A. V.
1165. Astakhov, I.I., et al., An attempt to detect neutron and gamma radiations in heavy water electrolysis with a palladium cathode. Electrochim. Acta, 1991. 36(7): p. 1127.
First Author: Astakhov, I. I.
1166. Bae, Y.K., D.D. Lorents, and S.E. Young, Experimental confirmation of cluster-impact fusion. Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 1991. 44: p. R4091.
First Author: Bae, Y. K.
1167. Bagnulo, L.H. Crack-fusion: a Plausible Explanation of Cold Fusion. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Bagnulo, L. H.
Possible dynamics are here and hypothesized on "cold fusion" in readily absorb it if metals, such as Palladium or Titanium, or Hydrogen and its isotopes, the absorption at high density level by these metals of mixtures of said isotopes (especially Deuterium and Tritium) and their successive liberation within the internal cracks of the metal mass where pressures exceeding 10^12 atm are expected to be created such that they generate fusion phenomena in accordance with the probable explosive sequence as follows: the formation of molecules, the increase in pressure, the formation of plasma, nuclear fusion.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=282
First Author: Baldo, M.
After the claimed experimental evidence of deuteron cold fusion reported in the literature, a large amount of theoretical work has been done, either to support the possibility of this unexpected phenomenon, either to present arguments against it. The paper by Legget and Baym appears of fundamental relevance to this respect. In that work a rigorous upper bound is given for the fusion rate of deuterons embedded in a crystal, which is too small to be compatible with the claimed experimental values. The upper bound is expressed mainly in terms of the chemical potential of neutral helium atoms and deuteron molecules with respect to a crystal of Palladium, or in general of the absorbing material. The smallness of this upper bound is a consequence of the small value of the chemical potential of neutral helium atoms. The latter has been taken to be close to zero, according to the experimental evidence. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=202
First Author: Bard, A.
1170. Barker, W.A., Method for enhancing alpha decay in radioactive materials. 1991: US 5,076,971.
First Author: Barker, W. A.
1171. Bass, R.W., QRT: Quantum Resonance Triggering Principle. 1991.
First Author: Bass, R. W.
1172. Bazhutov, Y., et al. Study of the possibility of a cold nuclear fusion reaction by electrolysis of heavy water with a titanium electrode. in Teo. Eksp. Issled. Vopr. Obshch. Fiz., Min. Obshch. Mashin. SSSR. 1991.
First Author: Bazhutov, Y.
1173. Beddingfield, D.H., et al. Characterization of Charged Particle Bursts from Deuterium Loaded Thin Titanium Foils. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Beddingfield, D. H.
Following our recently reported observation of intense bursts of charged particles from deuterium gas load thin Titanium foils, we conducted a relatively exhaustive analysis of the samples involved in this study .in order to better understand the gas loading process, to characterize the elemental and structural properties of the samples, and to ascertain, if possible, any differences between those samples which evinced particle bursts and those which did not. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=114
First Author: Beltyukov, I. L.
1175. Bertalot, L., et al. Analysis of Tritium and Heat Excess in Electrochemical Cells With Pd Cathodes. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Bertalot, L.
INTRODUCTION
The origin of the excess heat developed during the electrolysis of heavy water in "Cold Fusion" cells is up to now open to question. The necessary presence of deuterium suggests that fusion reactions can be partially or totally responsible for the generation of excess heat.
Experience has shown neutron emission to be sporadic and very weak; on the other hand tritium was found in small but detectable amounts. Moreover if tritium accumulates in the solution it can be comfortably measured postmortem.
Two experimental campaigns were performed:
The first one in Frascati having as main objective the detection of tritium excess. Particular care was exerted to avoid any tritium and hydrogen contamination.
The second one at the Texas A & M University in the framework of a scientific collaboration, having as objective the excess of heat and tritium measurement.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BertalotLanalysisof.pdf
First Author: Beuhler, R. J.
1177. Bharadwaj, S.R., et al., The Palladium-Platinum Phase Diagram. J. Less-Common Met., 1991. 169: p. 167.
First Author: Bharadwaj, S. R.
1178. Bishop, J.E., Utah Funds for Cold Fusion Run Low Just as Concept Gets Boost From Navy, in Wall Street Journal. 1991: New YorkEditor. p. B4.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
1179. Bishop, J.E., 'Cold Fusion' Researcher Asserts Dozens of Tests Can't be 'Ignored", in The Wall Street Journal. 1991: NYEditor. p. 6.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
1180. Bishop, J.E., Cold Fusion Verdict May Be Delivered Soon, in Wall Street Journal. 1991: NYEditor.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
1181. Bittner, M., et al., Evidence for the production of d-d fusion neutrons during electrolytic infusion of deuterons into a palladium cylinder. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 2119.
First Author: Bittner, M.
1182. Bittner, M., et al., Indication for the temporary production of deuteron-deuteron fusion neutrons during electrolytic infusion of deuterons into a massive palladium slab. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 334.
First Author: Bittner, M.
1183. Bittner, M., et al., Emission of DD-fusion neutrons from a massive palladium cyclinder during electrolytic infusion of deuterons into the metal". Isotopenpraxis, 1991. 27: p. 274.
First Author: Bittner, M.
1184. Bittner, M., et al. Observation of D-D Fusion Neutrons During Degassing of Deuterium Loaded Palladium. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Bittner, M.
Introduction
Many experiments and charging palladium with deuterium, either electrolytically or by gas absorption, indicate a production of fast neutrons or other products of d-d fusion reactions accompanying the charging process under special, hitherto not fully understood conditions, see e.g. Ref. [1]. These results need further work towards experimental confirmation and understanding of underlying physical processes.
At the Dresden University of Technology after a first experiment confirming a very small neutron production during electrolytic charging the palladium cathodes with deuterium further studies of the phenomenon of nuclear fusion in condensed matter work carried out, which systematically hint at a week neutron production as a typical function of the period of charging.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=196
First Author: Bockris, J.
1186. Bockris, J., Cold fusion II: The Story Continues. New Scientist, 1991. 19: p. 50.
First Author: Bockris, J.
1187. Bockris, J., D. Hodko, and Z. Minevski. Fugacity of hydrogen isotopes in metals: degradation, cracking and cold fusion. in Symp. Hydrogen Storage Materials, Batteries, Electrochemistry 1991. 1991.
First Author: Bockris, J.
1188. Bockris, J., D. Hodko, and Z. Minevski. The Mechanism of Deuterium Evolution on Palladium: Relation to Heat Bursts Provoked By Fluxing Deuterium Across the Interface. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Bockris, J.
In spite of the electrochemical approach taken by Fleischmann and Pons, most of the research either too has concentrated upon manifesting nuclear effects (neutron omission, tritium formation) and there has been little investigation of the situation of the surface chemistry of the palladium electrode, a mechanism by which molecular deuterium is formed or that by which adsorbed D diffuses inside the palladium, - and what its fugacity there would be. These factors may have a determinative influence on the triggering of the diffusional effects, influencing not only the D/Pd ratio, but also internal cracking. Information on the relation between the surface characteristics and the fugacity may point to us conditions for the initiation of fusion.
In the present paper an interim report is given on the results of about on and one-half year's work of one sub-group at Texas A&M.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=352
First Author: Boudard, A.
1190. Bower, B., Peer Review Under Fire. Science News, 1991. 139: p. 394.
First Author: Bower, B.
1191. Braun, T., World Flash on Cold Fusion No. 10. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1991. 154(1): p. 1.
First Author: Braun, T.
1192. Bressani, T., et al. A Study of the Neutron Emission from Ti Loaded With D in Gas Phase by Means of a Time-of-Flight Spectrometer. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Bressani, T.
The final results of an experiment carried out in order to detect and measure the energy of the neutrons emitted from Ti metal loaded with D in gas phase are reported. A neutron spectrometer based on the time-of-flight and double scattering technique was used. We observed a 2.5 sigma signal for the emission of 2.45 MeV neutrons, corresponding to 1.3 0.5 neutrons s^-1 g^-1.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=120
First Author: Bressani, T.
1194. Brillas, E., et al. Product Analysis From D2O Electrolysis With Palladium and Titanium Cathodes. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Brillas, E.
The possible generation of tritium in the electrolyte and the incorporation of species such as tritium, lithium and platinum to cathodes during the electrolysis of 0.1M LiOD solutions with Pd and Ti cathodes and Pt anodes at low and high current densities have been studied by means of different techniques.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=24
First Author: Britz, D.
1196. Broad, W.J., Cold-Fusion Claim is Faulted on Ethics as Well as Science, in The New York Times. 1991: NYEditor. p. 1.
First Author: Broad, W. J.
1197. Bunch, K.J. and R.W. Grow, Self-consistent field calculations on diatomic hydrogen in a potential well. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 2131.
First Author: Bunch, K. J.
1198. Bush, B.F., et al., Helium production during the electrolysis of D2O in cold fusion experiments. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 304: p. 271.
First Author: Bush, B. F.
INTRODUCTION Our interest in the "cold fusion" process [1,2] was piqued by the apparent lack of systematic investigation into the composition of the gaseous products produced during the electrolysis of D2O. A critical issue in determining whether or not the cold fusion process exists is the quality of the evidence concerning the composition of the gaseous products. The low intensity of neutrons has prompted proposals of other fusion processes such as d + d → 4He + γ [3] and p + d → 3He [4,5]. Accordingly, we report the results of experiments designed to detect helium in the effluent gases from electrolysis reactions at palladium cathodes while rigorously excluding possible helium contamination from other sources. The calorimetric electrolysis experiments reported here were performed at China Lake, and the analyses designed to establish the composition of the effluent gases were performed in Austin.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BushBFheliumprod.pdf
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1200. Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton. A Calorimetric Study of the Excess Heat Effect in Thin Films of Palladium. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1201. Bylinsky, G., Cold Fusion Heats up Again. Fortune Magazine, 1991. 124(1): p. 18.
First Author: Bylinsky, G.
1202. Cali, G.J., et al., Electrochemical Regeneration of Clean and Well-Ordered Pd(111) Surface. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 297: p. 523.
First Author: Cali, G. J.
1203. Case, L.C., The reality of 'cold fusion'. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 478.
First Author: Case, L. C.
1204. Cecil, F.E. and G.M. Hale. Measurement of D-D and D-6Li Nuclear Reactions at Very Low Energies. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Cecil, F. E.
The nuclear reactions of very low energy deuterons (down to center-of-mass energies of 2 keV) with deuterons and 6Li have been measured. The measured D-D reactions are in good with agreement recent R-matrix calculations. The reaction ratios D(d,p)T/D(d,n)3He and 6Li(d,p)7Li/6Li(d,α)4He in particular were examined for possible evidence of an Oppenheimer-Phillips type enhancement. No significant enhancement was found in either ratio or in the absolute yields of the reactions. The radiative capture reactions D(d,γ)4He and 6Li(d,γ)8Be were likewise measured. The branching ratios of these radiative capture reactions to the nucleonic branches of the reactions appear roughly independent of energy. The role of these reactions in the production of heat in cold-fusion experiments is evaluated.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CecilFEmeasuremenb.pdf
First Author: Cedzynska, K.
1206. Celani, F., et al. Search for Neutron Emission from Deuterided High Temperature Superconductors in a Very Low Background Environment. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Celani, F.
Following the experiments performed with deuterided High Temperature SuperConductors (HTSC) at underground Gran Sasso Laboratory, we have learnt the capacity to absorb Deuterium (D) by these materials and the role played by non-equilibrium conditions to get neutron burst emissions in the framework of Cold Fusion.
So far, some Y1Ba2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) pellets and high pressure D2 gas were enclosed in a stainless steal vessel and a charging-up procedure was performe d. The vessel was put in a thermal neutrons field and some thermal cycles (300-> 77-> 300 K) were performed; moreover, for comparison, background and blank runs were performed. A specific acquisition system, able to detect multiple neutron signals in defmed time-windows ("time correlated events"), was set-up. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=128
First Author: Cerofolini, F.
Deuteron-deuteron fusions were claimed by a Brookhaven group to re sult from the impact on deuterated surfaces of clusters of 25 - 1350 D2O molecules with energy up to 300 ke V. The collective motion in the impact region is tentatively assumed to be responsible for these fusion events. The number of involved atoms is of the order of 10^4 , with a mean energy of some electronvolts. The model is able to reproduce qualitatively the Brookhaven data according to an Arrhenius plot, with an activation energy E* ~ 2E0 , where E0 is the hydrogen ionization energy. At this energy an activated precursor is postulated to be synthesized; it can tentatively be identified as the binuclear atom (D^+ - D^+)2e^-.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=208
First Author: Chambaud, G.
1209. Chang, C.P., et al., Hydrogen and deuterium in palladium. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1991. 16: p. 491.
First Author: Chang, C. P.
1210. Chapnik, I.M., Possibility of electrochemically induced transmutation in PdD. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 161: p. 111.
First Author: Chapnik, I. M.
1211. Chatterjee, L., On a weak flavor for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 358.
First Author: Chatterjee, L.
1212. Chatterjee, L., The two faces of the Coulomb barrier. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 365.
First Author: Chatterjee, L.
1213. Chatterjee, L., A. Chakrabarty, and G. Das, Non-radiative exit channels in low energy d-d fusion. Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 1991. 29: p. 781.
First Author: Chatterjee, L.
1214. Chatterjee, L. and G. Das, Sub-barrier nuclear fusion of amuonic and muonic flavour. Phys. Lett., 1991. A154: p. 5.
First Author: Chatterjee, L.
1215. Chrzan, D.C. and W.G. Wolfer, Helium Bubble Growth by the Dislocation Pipe Diffusion Mechanism. 1991.
First Author: Chrzan, D. C.
1216. Chu, S.Y. and B. Shen, Can the color force be used to achieve fusion? Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. A6: p. 237.
First Author: Chu, S. Y.
1217. Chubb, S.R. and T.A. Chubb. An Explanation of Cold Fusion and Cold Fusion By-products, based on Lattice Induced Nuclear Chemistry. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Chubb, S. R.
In this paper, first we re-examine the assumptions associated with applying the fundamental "scientific paradigm" of hot fusion to the problem of cold fusion and then explain how much of the cold fusion controversy can be reconciled once an alternative paradigm, based on solid state physics, is adapted. The new world-view that results from this different perspective is the basis of our "Lattice Induced Nuclear Chemistry" (LINC) theory of cold fusion. We conclude the paper by summarizing some of the most important results of LINC. These include our predictions (prior to the experimental work by Bush et al.) that 1) it is to be expected that the primary cold fusion byproducts in the electrolytic experiments involved Pd and D probably are heat and low-energy 4He, 2) the 4He should remain largely on trapped within the bulk electrode and be found primarily in the surface region and out gases, and 3) there is a need to satisfy a critical loading condition (of x~1 in PdDx) in the electrolytic experiments.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=214
First Author: Chubb, T. A.
A theory of solid-state fusion based on the interaction between D+ and 4He++ ion band states within a host lattice is presented. Formation of ion band-state deuterium is thermo-dynamically favored when lattice strain energy is greater than the incremental chemical potential of the band state. The key fusion step is a coalescence fluctuation that converts a twofold occupation state of electrostatic zero-point-motion size into a state of nuclear dimensions. Rates are calculated using the Fermi Golden Rule. Fusion energy is shared between band-state members and subsequently transferred to the lattice.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbTAcoldfusion.pdf
First Author: Clark, R. W.
1220. Claytor, T.N., D.G. Tuggle, and H.O. Menlove. Tritium Generation and Neutron Measurements in Pd-Si Under High Deuterium Gas Pressure. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Ita: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Claytor, T. N.
INTRODUCTION
This paper summarizes some of the methods applicable for low level tritium detection needed in the search for anomalous fusion in metal hydrides. It is also intended to further detail our tritium and neutron results that have been obtained with the Pd-Si-D system, originally presented at earlier workshops. A measure of reproducibility that was not evident in our previous work has been achieved partially due to the better detection sensitivity afforded by the use of low tritium deuterium and partially from the fact that the foil-wafer cells can be made with nearly identical electrical characteristics. This reproducibility has allowed us to narrow the optimum conditions for the experiment. While this experiment is rather different from the "standard" electrolytic cell or the Ti gas hydride experiment, similarities exist in that non equilibrium conditions are sought and the tritium generation levels are low and neutron emission is extremely weak. In contrast to many electrochemical cell experiments, the system used in these experiments is completely sealed during operation and uses no electrolyte.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ClaytorTNtritiumgen.pdf
First Author: Close, F.
1222. Corrigan, D.A., B.K. Schwemmin, and E.W. Schneider, Radiochemical measurements of tritium during heavy water electrolysis at palladium cathodes in closed cells. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 312: p. 175.
First Author: Corrigan, D. A.
1223. Czerwinski, A., R. Marassi, and S. Zamponi, The absorption of hydrogen and deuterium in thin palladium electrodes. Part I. Acidic solutions. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 316: p. 211.
First Author: Czerwinski, A.
1224. Danos, M. and V.B. Belyaev, Estimate of the neutron transfer fusion rate. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 354.
First Author: Danos, M.
1225. De Ninno, A., et al. The Production of Neutrons and Tritium in the Deuterium Gas-Titanium Interaction. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: De Ninno, A.
The search for neutron emission due to the interaction between deuterium gas and titanium in non-equilibrium thermodynamic condit ions was first proposed by the Frascati Group of ENEA, and preliminary results, obtained in April 1989, were published. The same results, enriched with new data, were presented at the Santa Fe Workshop on Cold Fusion Phenomena in May and at the Workshop Understanding Cold Fusion Phenomena, held in Varenna in September 1989. These data, as well as all the others in the field, were characterized by lack of reproducibility.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=144
First Author: Dienes, J. K.
1227. Dmitrenko, V.N., I.P. Dryapachenko, and M.V. Sokolov, On the possibility of the study of electron screening in three-particle nuclear reactions. Ukr. Fiz. Zh. (Russ. Ed.), 1991. 36: p. 993 (in Russian).
First Author: Dmitrenko, V. N.
1228. Dong, S.Y., et al., Precursors to 'cold fusion' phenomenon and the detection of energetic charged particles in deuterium/solid systems. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 330.
First Author: Dong, S. Y.
1229. Donohue, D.L. and M. Petek, Isotopic measurements of palladium metal containing protium and deuterium by glow discharge mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 1991. 63: p. 740.
First Author: Donohue, D. L.
1230. Dragan, G., Topoenergetic evidence of cold fusion phenomena. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 361.
First Author: Dragan, G.
1231. Droege, T.F. and L.J. Droege. An Improved Zero Gradient Calorimeter For the Investigation of Cold Fusion Phenomena. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Droege, T. F.
A second generation no balance calorimeter has been constructed for measuring anomalous heat in electrolytic cells. This calorimeter is similar in concept to an isothermal calorimeter except that it is operated with zero temperature differential. The calorimeter accuracy is normal 4 milliwatts when operated at a total power of 12 watts. Calibration is performed in Scituate by operating the cells under test reversed or at zero current.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=258
First Author: Duan, S. Y.
A target, titanium sheet laden with deuterium, is immersed in the deuterium plasma confined in MM-2U magnetic mirror and it is biased at about ~10 kV. The deuterium nickel-deuterons are infused into the crystal structure of titanium target. After having implanted deuterium for several hours, random neutron emissions are observed and neutron burst are measured by using two identical BF-3 neutron detectors No. 1 and No. 2 located at different positions and a neutron dosemeter. The neutron count rates are up to 100 times higher than the background count of 0.8 count/sec. it is corresponding to neutron flux of (2-8)E+5 neutron/sec. no GammaRay counts beyond background are detected in our experiments. It is suggested that random neutron burst may be from cold nuclear fusion reactions related to the propagation of micro cracks in the metal lattice.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=154
First Author: Dufour, J.
1234. Eagleton, R.D. and R.T. Bush, Calorimetric experiments supporting the transmission resonance model for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 239.
First Author: Eagleton, R. D.
1235. Enyo, M., Is the cold fusion reaction possible? Kagaku to Kogyo (Tokyo), 1991. 44: p. 47 (in Japanese).
First Author: Enyo, M.
1236. Enyo, M., Key points in the evaluation of experimental results (the excess heat). Oyo Butsuri, 1991. 62: p. 716 (in Japanese).
First Author: Enyo, M.
1237. Escarpizo, B., et al. Solid State and Electrochemical Phenomena Related to Cold Fusion in Titanium. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Escarpizo, B.
I. Introduction
Attempts to reproduce cold fusion results/experiments follow, at least, two possible directions:
a) Improvements of characteristics (efficiency and so on ) of detectors and reductions of background signals and noises.
b) Better knowledge of the system (electrolytic cell) i.e. of the cathode material and of the electrolysis itself.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=30
First Author: Fang, P. H.
1239. Farley, F.J.M., Cold fusion. New Scientist, 1991. 129(1756): p. 3.
First Author: Farley, F. J. M.
1240. Fedorovich, G.V., Coulomb interaction in an E-cell. Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys., 1991. 36: p. 847.
First Author: Fedorovich, G. V.
1241. Fedorovich, G.V., The Coulomb interaction in the E-cell. Physica B, 1991. 172: p. 491.
First Author: Fedorovich, G. V.
1242. Flanagan, T.B., W. Luo, and J.D. Clewley, Calorimetric enthalpies of absorption and desorption of protium and deuterium by palladium. J. Less-Common Met., 1991. 172-174: p. 42.
First Author: Flanagan, T. B.
1243. Flanagan, T.B. and W.A. Oates, The Palladium-Hydrogen System. Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1991. 21: p. 269.
First Author: Flanagan, T. B.
1244. Fleischmann, M. The Present Status of Research in Cold Fusion. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
In the development of any new area of research (and especially in one likely to arouse controversy!) it is desirable to achieve first of all a qualitative explanation of the demonstration of the phenomena invoked in the observations. It is the qualitative demonstrations which are unambiguous: the quantitative analyses of the experimental results can be the subject of debate but, if these quantitative analyses stand in opposition to the qualitative demonstration, then these methods of analysis must be judged to be incorrect.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmanthepresent.pdf
First Author: Fujii, Y.
Anomalous neutron burst has been detected in heavy water electrolysis using a Pd cathode. The burst events occurred five times periodically for ca. 140 hours. The numbers of the burst neutrons increased gradualy from 5.3 sigma (the 1st event/l0min. ) to 135 sigma (the 5th event/10min. ) and the last event continued for 50 min. and gave 1779 neutrons to the five 3He neutron countors of 1% detection efficiency. The reproducibility has been examined three times, but any further event did not occurred.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=96
First Author: Fukai, Y.
1247. Gajda, M. and J. Rafelski, Jovian limits on conventional fusion. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 1991. 17: p. 653.
First Author: Gajda, M.
1248. Gajewski, R., Fuzja, nadzieja czy iluzja? (Nuclear fusion, hope or illusion?). Postepy Fiz., 1991. 42: p. 85 (in Polish).
First Author: Gajewski, R.
1249. Gentsch, H., DD-fusion reactions at a PdAg(D) target in a minireactor. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1991. 95: p. 1283 (in German).
First Author: Gentsch, H.
1250. Gerischer, H. Is Cold Fusion a Reality? The Impressions of a Critical Observer. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Gerischer, H.
Having received, at short notice, the invitation to attend the second international conference on cold fusion as a sceptical observer, I began to study some of the papers which have appeared since the fall of 1989 after which I had stopped following the publications in this area. Being sceptical from the beginning, the many negative reports from renowned laboratories seemed to confirm that the disputed claims of cold fusion occurring in a solid were, unfortunately, based on the erroneous interpretation of ill-defined experiments. I now realize that in the meantime many new positive results have been published which can not be pushed aside quite so easily. Two reviews, currently in the course of publication, were very helpful and yielded much information on the present situation. These are the reviews of M. Srinivasan and E. Storms. Together with my reading and the lectures given on the first days of the conference, I eventually felt able to present my impressions in a lecture on the last day of the conference, as the organizers had requested. I am aware that all the arguments pro and contra the reality of cold fusion have been pointed out by others before. The first part of my contribution to the report of this conference is therefore mainly a reminder of the problems. In the second part I raise some questions seen with the eyes of a physical chemist being specially experienced in electrochemistry.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=480
First Author: Gerischer, H.
"In spite of my earlier conclusion, -- and that of the majority of scientists, -- that the phenomena reported by Fleischmann and Pons in 1989 depended either on measurement errors or were of chemical origin, there is now undoubtedly overwhelming indications that nuclear processes take place in the metal alloys." Professor Heinz Gerischer
COLD FUSION John OM. Bockris Chemistry Dept., Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843
October 30, 1991
A memorandum has been written on the present state of cold fusion research as of October, 1991, by Professor Heinz Gerischer. The significance of this memorandum arises from Professor Gerischers status. He is widely recognized to be the leading physical electrochemist in Europe and would vie for the title on a still wider basis. Apart from his long term involvement in electrochemistry he is well known as a physical chemist of the highest standing and was, until 1988, the Director of the Max Planck Institute for Physical Chemistry in Berlin.
[Note. This document was misfiled. The LENR-CANR.org filename is incorrect, but since it has been on file for many years, we will not change it. This paper confused with an another paper by Gerischer in the ICCF-2 proceedings, which is here: http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=480]
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/GerischerHiscoldfusi.pdf
First Author: Giordano, N.
1253. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Proton emission in low-temperature nuclear fusion. Sov. Phys. - Lebedev Inst. Rep., 1991. 12: p. 6.
First Author: Golubnichii, P. I.
1254. Golubnichii, P.I., et al., Correlated neutron and acoustic emission from a deuterium-saturated palladium target. JETP Lett., 1991. 53: p. 122.
First Author: Golubnichii, P. I.
1255. Goods, S.H. and S.E. Guthrie, Mechanical Properties of Palladium and Palladium Hydride. 1991.
First Author: Goods, S. H.
1256. Gorodetskii, V.G., et al., Emission of neutrons and gamma quanta from palladium upon its saturation with deuterium in the gas phase. Fiz. Metal. Metalloved., 1991(7): p. 176 (in Russian).
First Author: Gorodetskii, V. G.
1257. Gozzi, D., et al. Multicell Experiments for Searching Time-Related Events in Cold Fusion. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Gozzi, D.
A new ten-electrochemical cell experiment has been carried out in order to confinn the previous results and try to understand the key role of some experimental parameters in triggering the cold fusion events. The experiment was designed to detect: a) excess heat; b) loading factor by in situ measurement of the cathode displacement; c) nuclear products: neutrons, tritium in the electrolytic solution and in the recombined heavy water, gamma-ray; d) effect of the palladium electrode preparation. To measure the excess heat, a calibration curve of the input power vs temperature of the LiOD + D2O solution was obtained for cells equal in shape, materials and operating in the same experimental condition in which the experiment was actually performed. The unique difference was on the cathode. The cathode used in the calibration measurements was made of palladium rod gold-plated by electrochemical deposition. Neutron detector is a 3He proportional counter, the same used in the previous experiments, but the data acquisition is now Implemented by a fast pulse-shape storage and off-line discrimination for a very accurate counting. The findings of the experiment, lasted about 50 days, are: i) dependent on the type of the cathode, specific excess power values up to 96 W/cm3 was found; ii) specific excess power showed linear dependence from the current density with a threshold at around 150 mA/cm2; iii) the cathode swelling was dependent from the type of the cathode and in the case of rods it increased with the current density; iv) no evidence of nuclear products statistically significant was detected.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=36
First Author: Granite, E.
1259. Gupta, S.D. and J.K. Jacobs, Process and apparatus for generating high density hydrogen in a matrix. 1991: US patent # 4,986,887.
First Author: Gupta, S. D.
1260. Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent and Semi-coherent Neutron Transfer Reactions. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
The novel process of coherent neutron transfer III the presence of a lattice is proposed to be the basis of a number of anomalous phenomena which have recently been reported in i nvestigations of the Pons-Fleischmann effect.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=220
First Author: Hansen, W. N.
Here is reported my analysis of a series of electrochemical experiments run by Pons and Fleischmann, P/F. This series produced some remarkable results which were revealed only through a careful analysis.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/HansenWNreporttoth.pdf
First Author: Hawkins, N.
1263. Hirabayashi, T., Y. Yoshida, and Y. Aradono, Verification of room temperature nuclear fusion. 2. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1991. 37(4): p. 31 (in Japanese).
First Author: Hirabayashi, T.
1264. Hongyu, Z., et al. Some Results on Cold Fusion Research. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Hongyu, Z.
Anomalous nuclear effects in Pd+Ti+D2 system were investigated by means of a double liquid scintillator system. A recoil proton spectrum of 2.45 MeV neutrons was obtained from heavy water electrolysis experiment using Pd as cathode. First neutrons and random neutron emissions were observed in discharge experiments and temperature cycle experiments for Pd+Ti+D2 system.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=64
First Author: Horowitz, C. J.
1266. Huggins, R.A., Fundamental considerations relating to the insertion of hydrogen isotopes into mixed conductors at high activities. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 1991. 210: p. 317.
First Author: Huggins, R. A.
1267. Ichimaru, S., Cold nuclear fusion in pressurized liquid metals. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1991. 60: p. 1437.
First Author: Ichimaru, S.
1268. Ikegami, H. Cold Fusion Researches in Japan. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Ikegami, H.
Positive results as well as some negative results from cold fusion research in Japan are reviewed with some comments. Out of 11 research groups taken up in the present review, three groups are mainly working on excess heat calorimetry, and the rest of the eight groups are involved in the detection of nuclear fusion products.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=312
First Author: Ikegami, H.
1270. Ilic, R. and J. Rant, The search for cold nuclear fusion with track-etch and bubble damage detectors. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., 1991. 19: p. 619.
First Author: Ilic, R.
1271. Jin, S., et al., Anomalous nuclear effects in palladium-deuterium systems during the gas discharge process. Gaojishu Tongxun, 1991. 1(5): p. 25 (In Chinese).
First Author: Jin, S.
1272. Jin, S., et al. Anomalous Nuclear Events in Deuterium Palladium Systems. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Jin, S.
Intense bursts of charged particles far Larger than background have been reproducibly detected for the first time by using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detector during either a high voltage discharge between deuterated palladium electrodes or a non-equilibrium out-diffusion of deuterons in palladium. No any anomalous effects were found in the controL experiments of Pd-H system under the same experimental conditions. This indicates that some anomalous nu clear effects were definately produced in the Pd-D system under certain conditions.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=160
First Author: Jin, S. X.
1274. Jones, S.E., Nuclear reactions in deuterated solids versus excess heat claims. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 915.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
1275. Jorne, J., Neutron and gamma-ray emission from palladium deuteride under supercritical conditions. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 371.
First Author: Jorne, J.
1276. Julin, P. and L.A. Bursill, Dendritic surface morphology of palladium hydride produced by electrolytic deposition. J. Solid State Chem., 1991. 93: p. 403.
First Author: Julin, P.
1277. Jung, P., Fundamental Aspects of Inert Gasses in Solids Diffusion and Clustering of Helium in Noble Metals, ed. S.E. Donnelly and J.H. Evans. 1991: Plenum Press, NYJung, P. 59.
First Author: Jung, P.
1278. Karabut, A.B., Y. Kucherov, and I.B. Savvatimova, The investigation of deuterium nuclei fusion at glow discharge cathode. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 924.
First Author: Karabut, A. B.
1279. Kazarinov, V.E., et al., Cathodic behaviour of palladium in electrolytic solutions containing alkali metal ions. Elektrokhimiya, 1991. 27: p. 9 (in Russian).
First Author: Kazarinov, V. E.
1280. Keesing, R.G., et al., Thermal, thermoelectric, and cathode poisoning effects in cold fusion experiments. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 375.
First Author: Keesing, R. G.
1281. Kenny, J.P., Electropionics and fusion. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 547.
First Author: Kenny, J. P.
1282. Kikuchi, E., et al., Effect of charging current density on release characteristics of tritium from palladium. Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku, 1991. 59: p. 880 (in Japanese).
First Author: Kikuchi, E.
1283. Kim, Y.E., Fission-induced inertial confinement hot fusion and cold fusion with electrolysis. 1991: Plenum Press.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1284. Kim, Y.E., Time-delayed apparent excess heat generation in electrolysis fusion experiments. Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 6: p. 1053.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1285. Kim, Y.E., Surface reaction mechanism for deuterium-deuterium fusion with a gas/solid-state fusion device. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 558.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
Recent highly reproducible results of tritium production by deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion from gas/solid-state fusion experiments are discussed in terms of a surface fusion mechanism. Theoretical criteria and experimental conditions for improving and optimizing D-D fusion rates in a gas/solid-state fusion device are described. It is shown that the surface fusion mechanism also provides a plausible explanation for the nonreproducibility of the results of electrolysis fusion experiments.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KimYEsurfacereab.pdf
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1287. Kim, Y.E., et al., Cluster-Impact Nuclear Fusion: Shock-Wave Statistical Analysis. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1991. 5: p. 941.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1288. Kim, Y.E., et al., Theory of Cluster-Impact Fusion with Atomic and Molecular Cluster Beams. Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 5(6): p. 427.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1289. Kim, Y.E., et al., The effect of coulomb screening and velocity distribution on fusion cross-sections and rates in physical processes. Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 6(10): p. 929.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1290. Kim, Y.E., R.A. Rice, and G.S. Chulik, The role of the low-energy proton-deuteron fusion cross section in physical processes. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 174.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1291. Kimura, A. and H.K. Birnbaum, Effect of adsorbed surface poisons on the loss of hydrogen from nickel. Acta metall. Mater., 1991. 39: p. 295.
First Author: Kimura, A.
1292. Kimura, T., Current problems and future of room temperature nuclear fusion. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1991. 37(4): p. 49 (in Japanese).
First Author: Kimura, T.
1293. Klotz, I.M. and J.J. Katz, Two extraordinary electrical experiments. Am. Scholar, 1991. 60: p. 247.
First Author: Klotz, I. M.
1294. Kochubey, D.I., et al., Enrichment of deuterium with tritium in the presence of a palladium-561 giant cluster. J. Molec. Catal., 1991. 66: p. 99.
First Author: Kochubey, D. I.
1295. Konenkov, N.V., S.S. Silakov, and G.A. Mogil'chenko, Quadrupole mass-spectrometric analysis of hydrogen isotopes during deuterium implantation in titanium. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1991. 17(1): p. 8.
First Author: Konenkov, N. V.
1296. Krapivnyi, N.G., Y.B. Kleshnya, and Sobornitskii, Allowing for finite rate of propagation of hydrogen concentration wave during hydrogen diffusion in metals. translated from Elektrokhimiya, 1991. 28(3): p. 451.
First Author: Krapivnyi, N. G.
1297. Krasnoshchekov, Y.I., et al., Possibility of nuclear reaction during phase transitions. Sov. Phys. Dokl., 1991. 36: p. 705.
First Author: Krasnoshchekov, Yu. I.
1298. Kuehne, R.W., Cold fusion: pros and cons. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 155: p. 467.
First Author: Kuehne, R. W.
1299. Kuehne, R.W., Possible explanations for failures to detect cold fusion. Phys. Lett. A, 1991. 159: p. 208.
First Author: Kuehne, R. W.
1300. Kumagai, H., et al., Attempts in detection of neutrons on so-called cold nuclear fusion. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 1991. 60: p. 2594.
First Author: Kumagai, H.
1301. Kumar, K., et al., Analyses of palladium cathodes used for heavy water electrolysis. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 178.
First Author: Kumar, K.
1302. Kuzmann, E., et al. Mossbauer Spectroscopic Characterization of Samples for Cold Fusion Experiment. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Kuzmann, E.
In this contribution we show a case in which we have applied the Mossbauer spectroscopy for characterization of samples which were expected to show anomalous nuclear effects upon to their deuterization. The Mossbauer spectroscopy can provide information about the surrounding of a Mossbauer atom in deuterized samples by measuring the electrical monopole and quadrupole as well as magnetic dipole interactions. The introduction of deuterium (or hydrogen) into the vicinity of a resonance atom will influence the physical parameters which govern the Mossbauer spectrum, thus changes will be expected in the hyperfine interactions e.g. in isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, magnetic splitting (Fig. 1 ) and in other parameters. Consequently, the localization of deuterium can be sensitively studied. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=292
First Author: Lanza, F.
Abstract Previous experiments have shown that tritium is produced in deuterated titanium. To define better the phenomenon a series of tests have been performed using various metals and alloys and different deuterating conditions. Sheets and shavings of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, Zircaloy 2 and Ti-Zr 50% alloy have been tested. A statistical analysis of the tritium production shows that significant differences are obtained varying the type of metal used. Using pure metals the tritium production increases with the increase of the atomic number of the metal. Moreover higher productions of tritium have been obtained using materials of technical purity as tantalum, Zircaloy 2 and Ti-Zr alloy.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LanzaFtritiumpro.pdf
First Author: Lawson, D. R.
1305. Lee, K.P., et al., Cold Fusion. Anal. Sci. & Technol., 1991. 4(1): p. 103 (in Korean).
First Author: Lee, K. P.
1306. Lewenstein, B.V., Preserving data about the knowledge creation process. Developing an archive on the cold fusion controversy. Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, 1991. 13: p. 79.
First Author: Lewenstein, B. V.
1307. Lewenstein, B.V. and W. Baur, A cold fusion chronology. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1991. 152: p. 273.
First Author: Lewenstein, B. V.
1308. Lewis, D., Some regularities and coincidences in thermal, electrochemical and radiation phenomena observed in experiments at Studsvik on the Fleischmann-Pons effect. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 316: p. 353.
First Author: Lewis, D.
1309. Li, X.Z. Chinese Effort in Understanding the "Cold Fusion" Phenomena. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Li, X. Z.
Review on cold fusion research in China in the past two years is presented with the emphasis on the experiments after the first national symposium on cold fusion ( May 10, 1990. Beijing ). There were three phases: hot, quiet, and deep-going phases. Hot phase is characterized by failures in experiments in repetition and is restrained in thinking by the conventional ideas. Quiet phase started with different approaches and newly-designed experiments. Deep-going phase encourages the scientist to be respectful to the facts and creative in mind. Three anomalies in deuterium / solid system may exist.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=324
First Author: Liaw, B. Y.
A novel elevated-temperature molten salt technique has been demonstrated for generating high-level excess heat. More than 4 MJ mol^-1 D2 of excess heat, at least 600% over the input power, was measured in two incidents using a torched Pd anode and an AI alloy cathode in a eutectic LiCI-KCI mixture saturated with
excess liD above 350C. No thermochemical explanation can account for this excess heat. Measurements on the hydrogen-based system showed the expected endothermic behavior.
The Pd samples were later examined for their morphology and for helium analysis. A porous microstructure of the samples was found. The electrolysis and deuteriding processes changed the morphology substantially. Enhancement of aparticles in the deuterided sample was detected, while the hydrided sample showed an opposite effect. The amount of the alpha-particles in the sample, however, was not commensurate with the measured excess heat.
Reproducibility of the experiments has been poor to date.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=70
First Author: Liaw, B. Y.
1312. Linford, R.K., Remarks of Rulon K. Linford. J. Fusion Energy, 1991. 10(1): p. 121.
First Author: Linford, R. K.
1313. Lipson, A.G., V.A. Kuznetsov, and B.V. Deryagin, Scenarios of 'cold nuclear fusion' by concentration of elastic energy in crystals. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1991. 318(3): p. 636 (in Russian).
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1314. Lipson, A.G., et al., Reproducible neutron emission by the combined effect of cavitation and electrolysis at the surface of a titanium cathode in electrolyte based on heavy water. Pis`ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1991. 17(21): p. 33 (in Russian).
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1315. Lipson, A.G., et al., The possibility of 'cold nuclear fusion' in deuterated ceramic YBa2Cu3O(7-x) in the superconducting state. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1991. 321(5): p. 958 (in Russian).
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1316. Lobanov, V.V., et al., Studies of neutron emission from TiFe alloy loaded with deuterium at room temperature. Pis`ma Zh. Teor. Fiz., 1991. 17(23): p. 22 (in Russian).
First Author: Lobanov, V. V.
1317. Lowther, J.E., Hot spots in palladium hydride and cold fusion. Suid-Afrik. Tydskr. Wetenskap, 1991. 87: p. 17.
First Author: Lowther, J. E.
1318. Mallove, E., Fire From Ice. 1991, NY: John Wiley.
First Author: Mallove, E.
Here is the Preface and Prologue to the book Fire From Ice: Searching for the Truth Behind the Cold Fusion Furor by Eugene F. Mallove, a reprint of 1991 Edition, 338 pp., Paperback. It is available from Infinite Energy Press, P.O. box 2816, Concord, NH 03302-2816, www.infinite-energy.com
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MalloveEfirefromic.pdf
First Author: Mallove, E.
Compiled from the Bad Mouthings of the Ignorant, Misinformed, and Arrogant Circa 1989 - 1991
A Public Service by Dr. Eugene F. Mallove
(Compiled from Fire from Ice and other sources.)
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MalloveEclassicnas.pdf
First Author: Martin, S. E.
1321. Martynov, M.I., A.I. Mel'dianov, and A.M. Chepovskii, Experiments on the detection of nuclear reaction products in deuterated metals. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Termoyader Sintez, 1991(2): p. 77 (in Russian).
First Author: Martynov, M. I.
1322. Mathur, M.S., et al. Recent Modifications to the Manitoba Deuterium Implantation Accelerator and a Study of the Properties of the Online Neutron Monitor Detector. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Mathur, M. S.
Deuterium molecules have been implanted into Palladium, Titanium and Indium targets in recent experiments at Manitoba by means of the 60 keV, 100 muA D2+ 'Narodny' ion accelerator. Neutrons from D-D interactions involving beam particles with previously stopped D atoms were detected by a large plastic scintillator viewed by two Photomultiplier tubes. We describe recent modifications to the accelerator made to improve the quality of the implanting beam, and some of the properties of the neutron detector used.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=298
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1324. Matsumoto, T., Microscopic observations of palladium used for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 567.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1325. Matsumoto, T. and K. Kurokawa, Observation of heavy elements produced during explosive cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 323.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1326. Mayer, F.J., Comments on 'Excess heat production by the electrolysis of an aqueous potassium carbonate electrolyte and the implications for cold fusion'. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 511.
First Author: Mayer, F. J.
1327. Mayer, F.J. and J.R. Reitz. Summary of Progress in Hydron Physics. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Mayer, F. J.
Electromagnetic scattering resonances in the e-p+, e-d+, e-t+ systems produce short-lived, charge-neutral, particles called hydrons. These particles provide the screening of repulsive Coulomb forces so that nuclear
reactions between a hydron nucleus and a reaction partner are possible. Hydron formation, reactions, and applications to anomalous nuclear observations in the laboratory and geophysics are summarized.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=226
First Author: Mayer, F. J.
1329. Mayer, F.J. and J.R. Reitz, On very low energy hydrogenic nuclear reactions. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 367.
First Author: Mayer, F. J.
1330. McKubre, M.C.H., et al. Isothermal Flow Calorimetric Investigations of the D/Pd System. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: McKubre, M. C. H.
INTRODUCTION
An experimental program was undertaken to explore the central idea proposed by Fleischmann et al. that heat, and possibly nuclear products, could be created in palladium lattices under electrolytic conditions.
Three types of experiments were performed to determine the factors that control the extent of D loading in the Pd lattice, and to search for unusual calorimetric and nuclear effects. It is the purpose of this communication to discuss observations of heat output observed calorimetrically in excess of known sources of input heat. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/McKubreMCHisothermal.pdf
First Author: McNeil, J. A.
Spence and Vary have reported a resonance in calculations of positronium and hydrogen in the "axion" (0-) channel. The energy and lifetime of the positronium resonances have led these authors to suggest this new state as an explanation for the anomalous e+ e- peaks seen at GSI^3 . They and others speculate that similar states in hydrogen may explain anomalous nuclear reactions reported in metal lattices at low temperatures ( "cold fusion" ).
Spence and Vary calculate the Bethe-Salpeter four-leg amplitude using a Blankenbechler-Sugar reduction. They use single photon exchange in Coulomb gauge for the kernel of their equations. Their results seem to depend critically on the use of this gauge. Attempts by others to reproduce their result in Feynman gauge have not been successful. The starting point in either calculation is gauge invariant so the reduction formalism must introduce spurious gauge dependence. Whether the results of Spence and Vary are spurious is not known at this time. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=232
First Author: Mendes, R. V.
1333. Mengoli, G., et al. Tritium and Neutron Emission in Conventional and Contact Glow Discharge Electrolysis of D2O at Pd and Ti Cathodes. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Mengoli, G.
We recently found that the level of 3H in D2O / 0.1 M LiOD solutions electrolyzed at Pd sheet cathodes increased, although sporadically 20%), till a order of magnitude over background, we indeed used D2O with very low background.
The surface of a Pd sheet cathode ( 1 x 1 x 0 .05 cm3) which gave apparent generation of 3H had developed localized swelling with deep pitting undemeath; if this phenomenon was relating with 3H, the latter was likely formed by means of a near-surface process, which might be easier to reproduce if electrodes of relatively larger dimensions are utilized.
The experimental design adopted for the four conventional electrolytic runs hereafter described was mostly in agreement with the above consideration.
We are also reporting on contact glow discharge electrolyses (CGDE) aimed at inducing critical conditions at/in the metal deuteride cathode.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=80
First Author: Mengoli, G.
1335. Menlove, H.O., et al. Low-background Measurements of Neutron Emission from Ti Metal in Pressurized Deuterium Gas. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Menlove, H. O.
A wide variety of neutron detector systems have been used at various research facilities to search for anomalous neutron emission from deuterated metals. Some of these detector systems are summarized here together with possible sources of spurious signals from electronic noise. During the past two years, we have performed experiments to measure neutron emission from pressurized D2 gas mixed with various forms of titanium metal chips and sponge. Details concerning the neutron detectors, experimental procedures, and results have been reported previously. Our recent experiments have focused on increasing the low-level neutron emission and finding a way to trigger the emission. To improve our detection sensitivity, we have increased the shielding in our counting laboratory, changed to low-background 3He tubes, and set up additional detector systems in deep underground counting stations. This report is an update on this experimental work.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MenloveHOlowbackgro.pdf
First Author: Meyerhof, W. E.
1337. Miles, M., et al. Heat and Helium Production in Cold Fusion Experiments. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Miles, M.
A critical issue in determining whether or not the cold fusion process exists is the measurement of nuclear products in amounts sufficient to match the excess heat effects. Calorimetric evidence of excess heat up to 27% was measured during the electrolysis of heavy water using palladium cathodes. Effluent gas samples collected during episodes of excess heat production and sent to the University of Texas for analysis by mass spectrometry showed the presence of 4He. Furthermore, the amount of helium detected correlated approximately with the amount of excess heat and was within an order of magnitude of the theoretical estimate of helium production based upon fusion of deuterium to form 4He. Control experimentS performed exactly the same but using H2O + LiOH in place of 020 + LiOD gave no evidence for helium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=378
First Author: Mills, R. L.
1339. Miyamoto, S., et al. Measurement of Protons and Observation of the Change of Electrolysis Parameters in the Galvanostatic Electrolysis of the 0.1M-LiOD/D2O Solution. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1991. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Miyamoto, S.
In order to confirm the cold fusion phenomenon, measurements of protons in the galvanostatic electrolysis of the 0.1M-LiOD/D2O solution have been carried out. The upper limits of fusion rates was deduced to be 1.3510^-24 fusion/d-d/sec with an assumption of the atomic ratio D/Pd of unity. No charge particles predicted by Takahashi for d-d-d fusions were observed. The Li content of the electrolyte was measured by ICP-AES after the electrolysis and found to be appreciably reduced in the electrolyte; the rest being found mostly in the 0.5%-Pd alumina catalyst used for recombination of D2 and O2 and partly in the Pd cathode.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=261
First Author: Mizuno, T.
1341. Mo, W., et al. Search for Precursor and Charged Particles in "Cold Fusion". in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Mo, W.
After two years the puzzle of nuclear phenomena in a metal lattice (cold fusion) is still with us. Excess heat, or anomalous neutron emission was the goal being searched in most of the "cold fusion" experiments, however, we switched to search the precursor and the energetic charged particles in stead of excess heat or anomalous neutron emission. In fact, we started the electrolysis cell experiment early in April, 1989; the neutron bursts were detected by BF3 detector, and the tritium was measured by liquid scintillation detector. The sporadic nature of the signals and the difficulties in reproducing these signals forced us to look for a new approach in identifying this anomalous nuclear effect.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=138
First Author: Moizhes, B. Ya.
1343. Morrison, D.R.O., Review of cold fusion. Sov. Phys. Usp., 1991. 34: p. 1055.
First Author: Morrison, D. R. O.
1344. Myers, S.M., et al., Superstoichiometry, accelerated diffusion, and nuclear reactions in deuterium-implanted palladium. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1991. 43: p. 9503.
First Author: Myers, S. M.
1345. NCFI, Investigation of Cold Fusion Phenomena in Deuterated Metals. Final Report, Overview, Executive Summary, Chemistry, Physics, Gas Reactions, Metallurgy. 1991, National Cold Fusion Institute: University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah. p. 391.
First Author: NCFI
The March 1989 announcement by Pons and Fleischmann stimulated worldwide interest in the cold fusion phenomenon. In Utah the legislature appropriated $5 million to support cold fusion research and development. As cold fusion inquiries continue worldwide, this interim report has been written to document the scientific and legal work that has been funded by the Utah legislature.
This is volume I of the report.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIinvestigat.pdf
First Author: NCFI
The March 1989 announcement by Pons and Fleischmann stimulated worldwide interest in the cold fusion phenomenon. In Utah the legislature appropriated $5 million to support cold fusion research and development. As cold fusion inquiries continue worldwide, this interim report has been written to document the scientific and legal work that has been funded by the Utah legislature.
This is volume II of the report.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIinvestigata.pdf
First Author: NCFI
The March 1989 announcement by Pons and Fleischmann stimulated worldwide interest in the cold fusion phenomenon. In Utah the legislature appropriated $5 million to support cold fusion research and development. As cold fusion inquiries continue worldwide, this interim report has been written to document the scientific and legal work that has been funded by the Utah legislature.
This is volume III of the report.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NCFIinvestigatb.pdf
First Author: Nefedov, V. I.
1349. Nishizawa, K., Neutron measurements in cold fusion. Hoshasen, 1991. 17(1): p. 4 (in Japanese).
First Author: Nishizawa, K.
1350. Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Determination of the excess energy obtained during the electrolysis of heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 364.
First Author: Noninski, V. C.
1351. Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Comments on 'measurement and analysis of neutron and gamma-ray emission rates, other fusion products, and power in electrochemical cells having palladium cathodes'. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 579.
First Author: Noninski, V. C.
1352. Numata, H., et al. Neutron Emission and Surface Observation During a Long-Term Evolution of Deuterium on Pd in 0.1 M LiOD. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Numata, H.
Long-term electrolysis for well annealed thick Pd rods (9.0 and 21.2 mm diameter) in 0.1 M LiOD have been performed to examine anomalous phenomena; neutron emission and heat bursts. The count rate of neutron (CRN) bunched for 3 h showed no significant increase at low current densities. High CRN appeared a few days later after the current increased to 102.4 mA/cm2 and the temperature was raised to 50C. In two experiments CRN and neutron energy spectrum of 2.45 MeV was reproduced.
Metal a graphic observations showed two faults, blisters, cross slips and holes on Pd surface and a raw of defects in a recrystallized grain. Micro structural changes of Pd electrode during long-term electrolysis is discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=86
First Author: Ohmori, T.
1354. Olofsson, G., I. Wadsoe, and L. Eberson, Design and testing of a calorimeter for measurements on electrochemical reactions with gas evolution. J. Chem. Thermodyn., 1991. 23: p. 95.
First Author: Olofsson, G.
1355. Ono, H., et al., Absorption and desorption of hydrogen and deuterium into palladium. Denki Tsushin Daigaku Kiyo, 1991. 4: p. 235 (in Japanese).
First Author: Ono, H.
1356. Oyama, N. and O. Hatozaki, Present and future of cold fusion - nuclear fusion induced by electrochemical reaction. Oyo Butsuri, 1991. 60: p. 220 (in Japanese).
First Author: Oyama, N.
1357. Palibroda, E. and P. Gluck, Cold nuclear fusion in thin foils of palladium. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 1991. 154: p. 153.
First Author: Palibroda, E.
1358. Park, R.L., BOOK WORLD The Fizzle in the Fusion, in Washington Post. 1991.
First Author: Park, R. L.
1359. Pennisi, E., Helium find thaws the cold fusion trail. Sci. News (Washington, DC), 1991. 139(12): p. 177.
First Author: Pennisi, E.
1360. Petrii, O.A., et al., Attempts to detect electrochemical cold nuclear fusion by determining the excess tritium. Sov. Electrochem., 1991. 27: p. 1240.
First Author: Petrii, O. A.
1361. Pippard, B., Footnote to History. Nature (London), 1991. 350: p. 29.
First Author: Pippard, B.
1362. Pons, S. and M. Fleischmann. The Calorimetry of Electrode Reactions and Measurements of Excess Enthalpy Generation in the Electrolysis of D2O Using Pd-based Cathodes. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Pons, S.
In the period since March 1989, there has been much comment and doubt expressed concerning the accuracy of the calorimetric techniques that we adopted to demonstrate the presence of excess enthalpy generation during the electrolysis of D2O solutions at palladium-based 2 electrodes. As it is only the end of the second year of research in this area, it seems appropriate at this point in time to summarize what we have actually done and to comment on the work in progress.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSthecalorim.pdf
First Author: Powell, G. L.
1364. Powell, G.L. and J.R. Kirkpatrick, Surface Conductance and Diffusion of H and D in Pd. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1991. 43(9): p. 6968.
First Author: Powell, G. L.
1365. Powell, G.L., J.R. Kirkpatrick, and J.W. Conant, Surface Effects in the Reaction of H and D with Pd-Macroscopic Manifestations. J. Less-Common Met., 1991. 172-174: p. 867.
First Author: Powell, G. L.
1366. Powell, G.L., et al., Surface and Bulk Effects in the Reaction of H and D with Pd. 1991.
First Author: Powell, G. L.
1367. Preparata, G. Cold Fusion: What do the Laws of Nature Allow and Forbid? in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Preparata, G.
This talk will not be a summary of the theoretical contributions to this Conference: I think that the individual papers that this book collects can give a much better representation of the work that is now going on in the field than I can possibly attempt to give in a short talk. As a partial excuse I may quote a recent review article of mine, where I try to discuss the most significant theories of cold fusion, and the fact that nothing much new has happened in the last few months. Nor will I discuss cold fusion in the non-equilibrium. conditions prevailing in Titanium, fracto-emission and 'lukewarm' fusion.
I shall rather try to examine first the strange facts of hydrogen incorporation into Palladium, and then I shall discuss the phenomena of cold fusion in relation to those facts. In the light of the known experimental data I will then discuss the general features of what we might call 'possible' and 'impossible' theories of cold fusion, somehow drawing a demarcation line between which theoretical ideas can and cannot explain those observations, given the well established and accepted general laws of condensed matter (Quantum Electro Dynamics, QED) and nuclear physics (Quantum Chromo Dynamics, QCD).
My discussion will follow quite closely a paper recently completed in collaboration with M. Fleischmann and S . Pons.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=468
First Author: Preparata, G.
1369. Preparata, G., A new look at solid-state fractures, particle emission and 'cold' nuclear fusion. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1991. 104: p. 1259.
First Author: Preparata, G.
1370. Qin, G., et al., Evolution of hydrogen (deuterium) in palladium-hydrogen (deuterium) system and the distribution of hydrogen near the surface. Wuli Xuebao, 1991. 40(6): p. 943 (in Chinese).
First Author: Qin, G.
1371. Qiu, W., Q. Dong, and F. Gan, Positron lifetime studies on systems of palladium filled galvanostatically with hydrogen or deuterium. Nucl. Sci. Tech., 1991. 2(3): p. 157.
First Author: Qiu, W.
1372. Quick, J.E., et al., Tritium concentrations in the active Pu'u O'o crater, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: implications for cold fusion in the Earth's interior. Phys. Earth Planet. Interior, 1991. 69: p. 132.
First Author: Quick, J. E.
1373. Rafelski, H.E., et al., Cold fusion: muon-catalyzed fusion. J. Phys. B, 1991. 24: p. 1469.
First Author: Rafelski, H. E.
1374. Rajan, K.G., et al., Electromigration approach to verify cold fusion effects. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 100.
First Author: Rajan, K. G.
1375. Rees, L.B., Cold Fusion: What Do We Know? What Do We Think? J. Fusion Energy, 1991. 10(1): p. 111.
First Author: Rees, L. B.
1376. Ricco, G., et al. A Large Solid Angle MultiParameter Neutron Detector. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Ricco, G.
We present the results of recent measurements, performed in general with a novel neutron detector, on some titanium-deuterium systems. In spite of the good detector sensitivity, better of the one claimed by Jones and co-workers, no neutron emission was found.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=270
First Author: Rieker, A.
1378. Ritley, K.A., et al., A search for tritium production in electrolytically deuterided palladium. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19(1): p. 192.
First Author: Ritley, K. A.
1379. Rolison, D.R. and W.E. O'Grady, Observation of elemental anomalies at the surface of palladium after electrochemical loading of deuterium or hydrogen. Anal. Chem., 1991. 63: p. 1697.
First Author: Rolison, D. R.
1380. Rosamilia, J.M., J.A. Abys, and B. Miller, Electrochemical hydrogen insertion into palladium and palladium-nickel thin films. Electrochim. Acta, 1991. 36: p. 1203.
First Author: Rosamilia, J. M.
1381. Rotegard, D., Fusion, cold fusion, and space policy. Space Power, 1991. 10: p. 205.
First Author: Rotegard, D.
1382. Rout, R.K., et al., Copious low energy emissions from palladium loaded with hydrogen or deuterium. Indian J. Technol., 1991. 29: p. 571.
First Author: Rout, R. K.
Palladium samples were loaded with deuterium and hydrogen using plasma focus and other loading techniques. Each sample, loaded so far, was observed to be emitting low energy, low intensity radiations. These radiations have been detected and analyzed by autoradiography and other supporting techniques.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKcopiouslow.pdf
First Author: Rout, R. K.
A 2-kJ Mather plasma focus device is used to deuterate the top end surface (or tip) of its central titanium electrode to investigate the occurrence of anomalous nuclear reactions in the context of the "cold fusion" phenomenon. The tip of the central titanium electrode is found to develop at least a few tens of microcuries of tritium after several plasma focus discharges. Neither the tritium impurity level in the deuterium gas used in the experiment nor the tritium branch of the d-d reactions that are known to occur in plasma focus devices can account for such activity in the electrode. Anomalous nuclear reactions in the deuterated titanium lattice appear to be the most probable source of this high activity.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKdetectiono.pdf
First Author: Rugari, S. L.
1385. Russell, J.L., Virtual electron capture in deuterium. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 1991. 18: p. 75.
First Author: Russell, J. L.
1386. Russell, J.L., Proposed heat producing nuclear reaction for cold fusion. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 1991. 18: p. 305.
First Author: Russell, J. L.
1387. Saito, N., et al., Measurement of neutrons from cold fusion. Hoshasen, 1991. 17(1): p. 31 (in Japanese).
First Author: Saito, N.
1388. Salvarezza, R.C., et al., Electrochemical study of hydrogen absorption in polycrystalline palladium. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1991. 313: p. 291.
First Author: Salvarezza, R. C.
1389. Sannikov, V.I., et al., Emission of neutrons and gamma-quanta from a titanium electrode polarised by a current in the gas phase over LiD. Rasplavy, 1991(4): p. 86 (in Russian).
First Author: Sannikov, V.I .
1390. Sato, T., et al., Detection of neutrons in electrolysis of heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 357.
First Author: Sato, T.
1391. Scalia, A. and P. Figuera. The Cross Section Factor for the Reactions 2H(d,p)3H + 2H(d,n) 3He at Very Low Temperature. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Scalia, A.
A determined value of the fusion cross section sigma-f can be obtained by using the Rutherford differential cross section sigma-R . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=250
First Author: Scaramuzzi, F.
Why Gas Loading?
In March 1989 the results of two experiments, claiming for nuclear reactions taking place, at room temperature, in metal lattices (Pd and Ti) charged with deuterium, were presented. In both cases the technique chosen for charging the metals with deuterium consisted in using an electrolytic cell, containing
heavy water, in which the cathodes were made out of Pd or Ti . . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=460
First Author: Schlapbach, L.
A summary description is given of phenomena related to the surface adsorption and bulk absorption of hydrogen and of its isotopes by a metallic host. Thermodynamic and surface properties, electronic and crystal structure and diffusion are illustrated for the examples of the hydride formation of Pd and of LaNis as typical examples of hydride forming elemental metals and intermetallic compounds.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=424
First Author: Schwinger, J.
Abstract. The case against the reality of cold fusion is outlined. It is based on preconceptions inherited from experience with hot fusion. That cold fusion refers to a different regime is emphasized. The new regime is characterized by intermittency in the production of excess heat, tritium and neutrons. A scenario is sketched, based upon the hypothesis that small segments of the lattice can absorb released nuclear energy.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchwingerJcoldfusiona.pdf
First Author: Schwinger, J.
1396. Searson, P.C., Hydrogen evolution and entry in palladium at high current density. Acta metall. Mater., 1991. 39: p. 2519.
First Author: Searson, P. C.
1397. Seeliger, D., Theoretical limits of nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Acta Phys. Hung., 1991. 69: p. 257.
First Author: Seeliger, D.
1398. Seeliger, D., et al. Evidence of Neutron Emission From a Titanium Deuterium System. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Seeliger, D.
Recently, a considerable number of experimental investigations have been carried out in different laboratories to determine, whether a possible catalysis of deuterium-deuterium fusion processes in condensed matter takes place or not. In some papers evidence was found for a week neutron production, similar as it was announced by Jones et al. for the electrolysis of heavy water using Titanium cathodes. Somewhat later the observation of neutron admission during the absorption of Deuterium gas in Titanium and other metals was announced, too.
The present paper describes experiments aimed at the replication of the results obtained in [2, 3] for charging of Titanium with deuterons from the gas phase.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=190
First Author: Seeliger, D.
1400. Seifritz, W., No end to cold fusion (Kalte Fusion und kein Ende). GIT Fachz. Lab., 1991. 35: p. 114 (in German).
First Author: Seifritz, W.
1401. Sevilla, J., et al., Some characteristics of titanium and palladium samples used in cold fusion experiments. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 188.
First Author: Sevilla, J.
1402. Shaheen, M., et al. Anomalous Deuteron to Hydrogen Ratio in Oklo Samples and Possibility of Deuteron Disintegration. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Shaheen, M.
A hypothesis is presented to explain the anomalous D/H ratio observed in samples from the site of the naturally occurring fission reaction at Oklo . The experimentally observed D/H ratio of 127 ppm exceeds the naturally occurring value of 150 ppm. Further , using a multicomponent system consisting of hydrogen , deuterium , tritium and helium nuclei to model the Oklo reaction phenomenon and assuming a thermal fission process term , we calculate a D/H rat io of 445 ppm in the presence of the thermal neutron fluence
attributed to Oklo. However, solving the same rate equations with a deuterium sink term to represent the
hypothes is of deuteron disintegration , we find a deuteron disintegration constant of 7.47 x 10^-14 s^-1 yields the observed D/H ratio . Indeed , deuteron disintegration would provide a neutron source (in addition to the fission neutrons ) that could have driven the Oklo system as a subcritical (vs . a critical) reactor over the extended period attributed to it .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=236
First Author: Shen, G.
1404. Shirai, O., et al., Some experimental results relating to cold nuclear fusion. Bull. Inst. Chem. Res., Kyoto Univ., 1991. 69: p. 550.
First Author: Shirai, O.
1405. Shoulders, K.R., Patents. 1991: US Patent 5,018,180 (1991); 5,054,046 (1991); 5,054,047 (1991); 5,123,039 (1992) and 5,148,461 (1992).
First Author: Shoulders, K. R.
1406. Shunjin, W., Effect of Coulomb screening on deuterium-deuterium fusion cross section. Gaoneng Wuli Yu Hewuli, 1991. 15(8): p. 761 (in Chinese).
First Author: Shunjin, W.
1407. SIF. The Science of Cold Fusion. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: SIF
Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF-2)
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf
First Author: Sjland, K. A.
We have designed a low level neutron detector for cold fusion expcrimenu with tilanium and deuterium gas. The basic principle of the system is to monitor as many relevant parameters as possible and store them event-by-event and analyze the data afterwards. The result of the experiment was that no significant excess of neutrons was observed. We also discussed the cosmic radiation that may influence low level measurements of neutrons.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=276
First Author: Srinivasan, M.
It is now two years since the first reports of the occurrence of nuclear reactions at ambient temperatures in deuterated metals such as Pd or Ti were published. Cold fusion', as this phenomenon has now come to be known, has, however, become embroiled in intense controversy with the scientific community becoming sharply polarized into believers' and non-believers' of this novel phenomenon. This ambivalence is primarily because of the non-reproducibility of the claimed results by many reputed research groups that have often used sophisticated experimental equipment. However, as the present review clearly shows, a large number of laboratories in many different countries have now obtained very reliable experimental evidence confirming the generation of 2.45-MeV neutrons, tritium, charged particles, X-rays, etc., both in electrolysis experiments and in a variety of other D2 -/plasma-/ion-beam-loading experiments, thereby confirming the nuclear origin of the phenomenon. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Srinivasannuclearfus.pdf
First Author: Stoppini, G.
1411. Storms, E., Review of experimental observations about the cold fusion effect. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 433.
First Author: Storms, E.
The experimental literature describing the cold fusion phenomenon is reviewed. The number and variety of careful experimental measurements of heat, tritium, neutron, and helium production strongly support the occurrence of nuclear reactions in a metal lattice near room temperature as proposed by Pons and Fleischmann and independently by Jones.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEreviewofex.pdf
First Author: Storms, E.
The behavior of tritium released from a contaminated, palladium cathode has been determined and compared to the pattern found in cells claimed to produce tritium by a cold fusion reaction.
Void space is produced in palladium when it is subjected to hydrogen adsorption and desorption cycles. This void space can produce channels through which hydrogen can be lost from the cathode, thereby reducing the hydrogen concentration. This effect is influenced, in part, by impurities, the shape of the electrode, the charging rate, the achieved concentration of hydrogen and the length of time the maximum concentration is present.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEtheeffecto.pdf
First Author: Switendick, A. C.
1414. Szpak, S., et al., Electrochemical charging of Pd rods. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 309: p. 273.
First Author: Szpak, S.
This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in:
Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research.
Abstract: A model describing the electrochemical charging of Pd rods is presented. The essential feature of this model is the coupling of the interfacial processes with the transport of interstitials in the electrode interior. It is shown that boundary conditions arise from the solution of equations governing the elementary adsorption-desorption and adsorption-absorption steps and the symmetry of the electrode. Effects of the choice of rate constants of the elementary steps and the charging current on the surface coverage, the electrode potential and the time required to complete electrode charging are examined.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSelectroche.pdf
First Author: Szpak, S.
This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in:
Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research.
Statistics on the initiation of the Fleischmann-Pons effect are rather poor. Reports presented at the First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion have indicated that, at best, only ca 1/10 of all attempts were successful in either producing excess enthalpy or yielding products associated with nuclear reactions. Here, we show that the Fleischmann-Pons effect can be reproducibly and rapidly initiated by employing electrodes prepared by electrodeposition from Pd2+ salts in the presence of evolving deuterium. The effectiveness of this procedure is examined in terms of tritium production.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSreliablepr.pdf
First Author: Szpak, S.
This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in:
Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research.
ABSTRACT
Recently, Fleischmann et al. [1] reported that nuclear events can occur when deuterium is electrochemically compressed within the Pd-lattice. These events were reported to produce excess enthalpy, tritium, and neutrons. The exact nature of these events and the conditions leading to their initiation are poorly understood. In fact, the existence of such events is questioned by many [2]. The present position among those investigating this problem [3] is as follows: enthalpy production is a non-steady state process whose rate depends on the nature of the electrode material; however, the observed steady state production arises from an averaging of small perturbations. Nuclear events are believed to occur on the electrode surface as well as within the electrode interior.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSonthebehav.pdf
First Author: Tachikawa, E.
1418. Takagi, R., et al., Neutron emission during a long-term electrolysis of heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 2135.
First Author: Takagi, R.
1419. Takagi, R., et al., Neutron Emission During a Long-Term Electrolysis of Heavy Water. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 2135.
First Author: Takagi, R.
1420. Takahashi, A., et al., Windows of cold nuclear fusion and pulsed electrolysis experiments. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 380.
First Author: Takahashi, A.
1421. Takahashi, A., et al. Neutron Spectra and Controllability by PdD/electrolysis Cell With Low-High Current Pulse Operation. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Takahashi, A.
Neutron spectra with two components (2. 45 and 3-7 MeV) have been repeatedly observed by pu lse electro lysis of D 20-Pd cel l. Tr itium product ion with (Tin) rat io 105 was also co nfirmed with low-high current operat ion. These results are consistently explained with the products and byproducts in competing process of d-d and d-d-d fusions in PdD lattice.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=108
First Author: Takeda, T.
1423. Tateno, H. and Y. Iwashita, An attempt to observe nuclear fusion in titanium by internal friction. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Suppl., 1991. 30: p. 41.
First Author: Tateno, H.
1424. Taylor, C.A., Defining the scientific community: A rhetorical perspective on demarcation. Commun. Monogr., 1991. 58: p. 402.
First Author: Taylor, C. A.
1425. Tazima, K.L., et al. Time-Correlated Neutron Detection From Deuterium Loaded Palladium. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Tazima, K. L.
Significant neutron bursts and good time-correlation between two independent neutron detection systems were observed in two kinds of experiments on cold fusion. One employed two palladium rods of 2 mm diameter and 5 cm length, deuterated under 1 atm for 30 days, and plasma discharge was applied as a trigger. The other was palladium shavings of 10 g deuterated under 11 atm for 40 days. The averaged background level was 5-6 counts/dwell time (100 s). In both cases, significant neutron emission of successive bursts of 13-60 counts/100 s were observed for several hours and repeated several times during 2-11 days in some cases.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=172
First Author: Terazawa, H.
1427. Thomassen, K.L., Remarks by Keith I. Thomassen. J. Fusion Energy, 1991. 10(1): p. 123.
First Author: Thomassen, K. L.
1428. Tom-nek, D., Z. Sun, and S.G. Louie, Ab initio Calculation of Chemisorption Systems: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110). Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1991. 43: p. 4699.
First Author: Tom-nek, D.
1429. Tomanek, D., Z. Sun, and S.G. Louie, Ab initio Calculation of Chemisorption Systems: H on Pd(001) and Pd(110). Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1991. 43: p. 4699.
First Author: Tomanek, D.
1430. Tsarev, V.A. Current Status of Cold Fusion. in First Int. Sakharov Conf. 1991. Moscow, USSR.
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
1431. Tsarev, V.A. Cold Fusion Studies in the USSR. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
The Organizing Committee kindly suggested that I should talk about a state of cold fusion (CF) studies i n the Soviet Union. Offering of a special report dedicated to the soviet scientists works seems to be quite justified, since they are not well known to the western scientific community. Meanwhile, both quantitatively and qualitatively they bring a noticeable contribution to the world "data bank" on this interesting phenomenon. It is even possible that some of these soviet works have been "precursors" of the "cold fusion era". However, inadequate integration of our science with the western one, aggravated by scanty telecommunication media development, has slowed down the process of information exchange on CF not only with outer world, but also in our country . It is sufficient to say that the first Soviet National Conference on CF took place only recently in March of this year (March 22-26, Dubna-Moscow ). Figuratively speaking up to now we have been working behind the scenes and watching the play. Now it is time to raise the curtain.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=334
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
1433. Tsarev, V.A. and D.H. Worledge, New results on cold nuclear fusion: a review of the conference on anomalous nuclear effects in deuterium/solid systems, Provo, Utah, October 22-24, 1990. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 484.
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
1434. Tsuchiya, K., et al., Interaction between two neighboring deuterium atoms in palladium. J. Less-Common Met., 1991. 172-174: p. 1371.
First Author: Tsuchiya, K.
1435. Turanciol, F. Cold Fusion is Confirmed. in ICENES. 1991.
First Author: Turanciol, F.
1436. Uhm, H.S. and W.M. Lee. High Deuterium Concentration in Palladium for Application to Cold Fusion. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Uhm, H. S.
Based on theoretical calculations, new schemes to increase deuterium density in palladium over its initial value is presented. High deuterium concentration in palladium is needed for application to the solid-state fusion. The first deuterium enrichment scheme makes use of the plasma ion implantation, which consists of a cylindrical palladium rod (target) preloaded with deuterium atoms, coated with diffusion-barrier material and immersed in a deuterium plasma. The second deuterium enrichment scheme makes use of the temperature gradient effects on the deuterium solubility in palladium. A heat source at temperature T2 and a heat sink at temperature T1 (where T2 > T1 ) are in contact with two different parts of a palladium sample, which has been presoaked with deuterium atoms and has been coated with diffusion-barrier material or securely locked in a metal case.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=304
First Author: Uhm, H. S.
1438. Vaidya, S.N., On the possibility of coherent deuteron-deuteron fusion in a crystalline Pd-D lattice. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 481.
First Author: Vaidya, S. N.
1439. Varaksin, A.N., et al., Computer modelling of phase transitions in deuterised palladium (possible mechanism of low-temperature nuclear fusion). Fiz. Metal. Metalloved., 1991(9): p. 30 (in Russian).
First Author: Varaksin, A. N.
1440. Vielstich, W., et al., Search for neutrons from controlled deuterium concentrations in palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 303: p. 211.
First Author: Vielstich, W.
1441. Wang, C., et al. Identification of the Energetic Charged Particles in Gas-Loading Experiment of "Cold Fusion" Using CR-39 Plastic Track Detector. in Second Annual Conference on Cold Fusion, "The Science of Cold Fusion". 1991. Como, Italy: Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, Italy.
First Author: Wang, C.
Since observation of "cold fusion" was claimed in 1 989, a great number of experiments have been done for verifying these claims. Most of laboratories were not able to reproduce the observations and among the results of experiments there are obvious inconsistencies. It has been realized that even if the "cold fusion" happened, its signals would be quite weak. Thus for sake of confirming the presence of "cold fusion", it is desirable to use detection techniques which have high collecting power, low background and can stably work for long time. CR-39 plastic track detector is able to work in passive and time-integrated modes and has a number of unique merits in comparison with electronic detectors. In gas-loading experiment, if a piece of CR -39 film is clamped on the surface of a metal foil of Pd or Ti, charged particles emitted by deuterated metal can be collected by the CR-39 foil with 2 pi solid angle. The information on charge, energy, location and direction of the emitted particles can be determined from track parameters. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=184
First Author: Wang, K. L.
It was noticed that most of the "cold fusion" experiments were using palladium or titanium just based on the first set of experiments. However, based on our own experience the results of experiments depend heavily on each material. Even if for the same material, it seems that the performances of the materials from different manufactories are different. For example, the palladium film from Russia produced the greatest density of energetic charged particle tracks. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SIFthescience.pdf#page=178
First Author: Weber, S. E.
1444. Welborn, V., The cold fusion story: A case study illustrating the communication and information seeking behavior of scientists. Sci. Technol. Librarian, 1991. Spring: p. 51.
First Author: Welborn, V.
1445. White, C.T., et al., D-D (H-H) interactions within the interstices of Pd. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1, 1991. 30: p. 182.
First Author: White, C. T.
This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, http://www.ipap.jp/jjap/index.htm. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
Embedded atom, local-density-functional, and Hartree-Fock methods are used to calculate the effective interaction between deuterium (or equivalently within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation hydrogen) nuclei within palladium. No effects were found to suggest that the repulsion between deuterons in gas phase D2 is reduced within the octahedral and tetrahedral interstices of this transition metal.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WhiteCTddhhintera.pdf
First Author: Will, F. G.
Highlights are presented of recent results obtained on deuterium and hydrogen loading of palladium both in electrolytes and in the gas phase. Reproducible tritium generation has been found on palladium cathodes with deuterium loadings approaching one deuterium atom per palladium atom. Tritium generation has been observed on four out of four such highly loaded cathodes. No tritium has been observed in four light water control cells operating simultaneously. Total tritium analysis was performed on all hermetically sealed cells before and after each experiment. Tentative evidence is presented for neutron generation and a single anomalous heat excursion. A novel high-pressure electrochemical cell is also described which employs a fuel cell approach, thereby avoiding oxygen evolution. Two anomalous heat excursions have been observed in this cell with excess power values up to 30%. Gas phase experiments of the Wada-type have been performed on palladium, using electrical discharges to activate the palladium. Neutron bursts up to 280 neutrons in 128 microseconds and tritium enhancements in the palladium of up to 25X background have been observed in the palladium. In both electrolytic and gas phase experiments, the tritium distribution in the palladium wires was found to be non-uniform.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WillFGstudiesofe.pdf
First Author: Wu, B.
1448. Xuwu, A., et al., Calorimetric investigation of electrochemically induced nuclear fusion of deuterium. Thermochim. Acta, 1991. 183: p. 107-115.
First Author: Xuwu, A.
1449. Yamamoto, T., et al., In situ observation of deuteride formation in palladium foil cathode by an x-ray diffraction method. J. Less-Common Met., 1991. 172-174: p. 1381.
First Author: Yamamoto, T.
1450. Yang, J., A new fusion mechanism. Hunan Shifan Daxue Ziran Kexue Xuebao, 1991. 14(2): p. 126 (in Chinese).
First Author: Yang, J.
1451. Yoshida, Y., Y. Aradono, and T. Hirabayashi, Verification of room temperature nuclear fusion. 1. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1991. 37(4): p. 21 (in Japanese).
First Author: Yoshida, Y.
1452. You, J.H., et al., Interior adsorption, channel collimation, and nuclear fusion in solids. Phys. Rev. B: Mater. Phys., 1991. 43: p. 7293.
First Author: You, J. H.
1453. Yun, K.S., et al., Calorimetric observation of heat production during electrolysis of 0.1 M LiOD + D2O solution. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 306: p. 279.
First Author: Yun, K. S.
1454. Zakowicz, W., Possible resonant mechanism of cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1991. 19: p. 170.
First Author: Zakowicz, W.
1455. Zelenskii, V.F. and V.F. Rybalko, Studies of neutron emission by mechanical destruction of Ti and Pd samples, saturated with deuterium. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1991. 2(56): p. 46 (In Russian).
First Author: Zelenskii, V. F.
1456. Zelenskii, V.F., et al., Preliminary results of the second series of experiments on cold fusion. Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh. Ser.: Fiz. Radiats. Povr. Radiats. Materialoved., 1991. 2(56): p. 48 (In Russian).
First Author: Zelenskii, V. F.
1457. Zhang, J.S., The estimation of the difference between d(n,n)3He and d(d,p)T cross sections in the cold fusion. Commun. Theor. Phys. (China), 1991. 16: p. 439.
First Author: Zhang, J. S.
1458. Zhu, R., et al., Measurement of neutron burst production in thermal cycle of D2 absorbed titanium chips. Fusion Technol., 1991. 20: p. 349.
First Author: Zhu, R.
1459. Zhu, R., et al., Measurement of anomalous neutron from deuterium/solid system. Yuanzineng Kexue Jishu (Atomic Energy Science and Technology), 1991. 25: p. 84 (in Chinese).
First Author: Zhu, R.
1460. Zywocinski, A., et al., Analysis for light atoms produced in the bulk phase of a tubular palladium/ silver alloy cathode working electrode. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991. 319: p. 195.
First Author: Zywocinski, A.
1461. Adachi, G., H. Sakaguchi, and K. Nagao, (3)He and (4)He from D2 absorbed in LaNi5. J. Alloys and Compounds, 1992. 181: p. 469.
First Author: Adachi, G.
1462. Agnello, M., et al. Measurement of 2.5 MeV Neutron Emission from Ti/D and Pd/D Systems. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Agnello, M.
A new set of measurements of neutron emission from gas (D2 and H2) loaded Ti and Pd systems has been carried out in the TOFUS experiment. The temperature and pressure controls of the gas loading apparatus were improved. The results concerning the Ti/D system show the presence of a small 2.5 MeV neutron emission, with a signal having a statistical significance of ~ 5 sigma. The results on the Pd/D system doesn't show a statistically significant signal (less ~ 2 sigma).
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=172
First Author: Amato, I.
1464. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang. "Cold" Fusion in a Complex Cathode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Arata, Y.
A new cathode was developed, consisting of a nickel ride with a palladium layer applied by plasma spraying, the palladium layer activates the surface functions of the deuteride it cathode. High reproducibility of a "cold" fusion reaction is confirmed by using this cathode.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=180
First Author: Arata, Y.
1466. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, 'Cold' fusion caused by a weak 'on-off effect'. Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, 1992. 66: p. 33.
First Author: Arata, Y.
1467. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, 'Cold' fusion in deuterated complex cathode. Kaku Yugo Kenkyu, 1992. 67((5)): p. 432 (in Japanese).
First Author: Arata, Y.
1468. Barts, B.I., D.B. Barts, and A.A. Grinenko, Theory of nuclear reactions with the participation of slow charged particles in solids. Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. Originally Oin: Yad. Fiz. 55 [1992] 79., 1992. 55: p. 45.
First Author: Barts, B. I.
1469. Behrisch, R., Comment on: H. Gentsch, DD-fusion reactions at a PdAg(D) target in a minireactor, Ber. Bunsenges, Phys. Chem. 95, 1283 [1991]. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1992. 96: p. 733 (in German).
First Author: Behrisch, R.
1470. Bertalot, L., et al. Study of Deuterium Charging in Palladium by the Electrolysis of Heavy Water: Search for Heat Excess and Nuclear Ashes. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Bertalot, L.
The production of heat excess (HE) in electrolytic cells with heavy water and palladium cathodes is, in cold fusion, the experiment that has had more confirmations, even though still doubts are cast on its nuclear origin. Furthermore, the correlation of HE with some features of the experiment seemed to be well established, the most convincing of which is the threshold of the D/Pd ratio. What is yet not quite clear is how to obtain a high D/Pd ratio, since this feature seems to depend both on the material and on the procedures adopted for the electrolysis. In this paper we will propose a novel approach to this problem, which permits us to correlate HE with other features of the experiment. In particular, we try to study the transport of matter across the palladium lattice during the electrolysis. A model proposed by two of us (ADN and VV), and presented at this Conference, helps to interpret the experimental results, and gives interesting hints for future research.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=106
First Author: Bertulani, C. A.
1472. Beuhler, R.J., G. Friedlander, and L. Friedman, Cluster-impact Fusion [Erratum]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1992. 88: p. 2108.
First Author: Beuhler, R. J.
1473. Bishop, J.E., Predictable Heat Source Reported from `Heavy' Water Electrolysis, in Wall Street Journal. 1992: New YorkEditor. p. B12.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
1474. Bishop, J.E. and J.M. Schlesinger, Researcher Claims to Replicate Japanese Experiments in `Cold Fusion', in Wall Street Journal. 1992: New YorkEditor. p. B3.
First Author: Bishop, J. E.
1475. Bockris, J., et al. Tritium and Helium Production in Palladium Electrodes and the Fugacity of Deuterium Therein. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Bockris, J.
An account is given of the massive production of tritium at a Pd electrode. Production continued for ~ 750 hours after which time it was arbitrarily curtailed. Production of T was found to cease every few days but could be resuscitated by increasing the overpotential of the electrode reaction. A logarithmic relation between the rate of tritium production and the overpotential of the electrode reaction was established. The Will-Cedzynska method of examining T contamination in specimens has shown that nothing above the background of T was detected if no D2O had been electrolytically evolved on the Pd specimens concerned.
Helium production was found to accompany that of T. The He was analyzed by thermal expulsion and mass spectroscopy. No He3 was found but He4 was measured in nine specimens out of ten examined. Voids were also detected - 1 micron within the electrode. The excess tritium production on Pd co-deposited with deuterium was found.
Cracking and spreading of cracks is shown. An attempt was made to calculate the amount of hydrogen trapped in cracks and to calculate the standard free energy of trapping.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=233
First Author: Bockris, J.
1477. Borbely, L. and P. Doleschall, Nucleon Exchange Effects at Low Bombarding Energies for Deuteron-Neutron Scattering. Phys. Lett. B, 1992. 283: p. 10.
First Author: Borbely, L.
1478. Botta, E., et al., Measurement of 2.5 MeV neutron emission from Ti/D and Pd/D systems. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1992. 105A: p. 1663.
First Author: Botta, E.
1479. Bressani, T. and G. Preparata, What Makes a Crystal Stiff Enough for the Mossbauer Effect? Il Nuovo Cimento, Note Brevi, 1992. 14D(3): p. 345-349.
First Author: Bressani, T.
1480. Brightsen, R.A. and E. Mallove, Explanation of Cold Fusion Reactions Based on the Nucleon Cluster Model (NCM). 1992.
First Author: Brightsen, R. A.
1481. Brillas, E., et al., Product analysis from D2O electrolysis with Pd and Ti cathodes. Electrochim. Acta, 1992. 37(2): p. 215.
First Author: Brillas, E.
1482. Broad, W.J., U.S. Plans to Hire Russian Scientists in Fusion Research, in New York Times. 1992. p. A1-A4.
First Author: Broad, W. J.
1483. Bryan, S.R. and J.H. Gibson, Comments on 'Nuclear energy release in metals'. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 95.
First Author: Bryan, S. R.
1484. Buehler, D.B., Possible Gamma Bursts From Gas Loaded Ti Chips. 1992.
First Author: Buehler, D. B.
1485. Buehler, D.B., et al. Is Reported "Excess Heat" Due to Nuclear Reactions? in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Buehler, D. B.
A portable X-ray detector has been developed to complement "cold fusion" studies. Our reasoning is that any set of nuclear reactions which produce measurable heat must also produce abundant secondary X-rays. However, at the Nagoya meeting and elsewhere, we found that errors and uncertainties in current experiments prevent unambiguous interpretation of claims of excess-heat generation . Hence, this paper also outlines criteria for establishing calorimeter performance for definitive measurements of "excess heat" in cold-fusion experiments.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=247
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1487. Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton. Experimental Studies Supporting the Transmission Resonance Model for Cold Fusion in Light Water: I. Correlation of Isotopic and Elemental Evidence with Excess Heat. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
The experimental evidence cited here (Part I) in support of the Bush TRM Model was originally reported by Bush in his paper, "A Light Water Excess Heat Reaction Suggests That 'Cold Fusion' May Be 'Alkali-Hydrogen Fusion.'" Excess heat production in electrolytic light water experiments was experimentally correlated with a shift not only in elemental abundance but also with an isotopic reversal in the case of a light water-based RbzCD3 cell found to produce strontium. Part II reports on more recent work correlating x-ray emissions with excess power for both a heavy water excess heat reaction and a light water excess heat reaction.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=145
First Author: Bush, R. T.
ABSTRACT: Part I presented evidence in support of Bush's TRM Model and, in particular, his hypothesis of "alkali-hydrogen fusion" in a lattice as a prototype for cold fusion with both light and heavy water. In Part II preliminary evidence is presented for x-ray emission accompanying both the heavy and light water excess heat effects in the form of both characteristic x-rays and bremmstrahlung. These studies had the unsatisfactory feature of low signal-to-noise, but the satisfactory features of reasonable statistics and excellent correlation. An interesting feature was that x-ray emission decreased somewhat after a cell was switched off, but then spiked upward to decay exponentially to the background level over a period of days. This emission was apparently associated with the desorption of hydrogen from the cathode. With the cell turned off it was also possible to study xray emission accompanying the thermal desorption of hydrogen by changing the cell temperature and studying x-ray emission as a function of cathode surface temperature. When this effect of x-rays accompanying desorption was factored in, Bush's TRM Model appears to account for the correlation between x-ray emission and excess power.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=149
First Author: Bushuev, V. S.
1490. Cannizzaro, F., et al., Search for neutrons as evidence of cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 86.
First Author: Cannizzaro, F.
1491. Cedzynska, K. and F.G. Will, Closed-system analysis of tritium in palladium. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 156.
First Author: Cedzynska, K.
1492. Celani, F., et al., Search for enhancement of neutron emission from neutron-irradiated, deuterated, high-temperature superconductors in a very low background environment. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 181.
First Author: Celani, F.
1493. Celani, F., et al. Measurement of Excess Heat and Tritium During Self-Biased Pulsed Electrolysis of Pd-D2O. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Celani, F.
After Takahashi reported large excess heat with pulsed electrolysis, we built a gas-closed flow calorimeter to perform pulsed current electrolysis. Blank tests using Au plate cathodes were carried out to characterize the system. Four cold-worked Pd sheets were tested, and two of them produced 7.5% and 6% mean excess heat for many weeks. The others Pd sheets did not produce excess heat in most tests, although one of them, after deuterium reloading, produced up to 25% excess heat, but only for few hours. Tritium analysis was carried out and some coincidence between tritium production and excess heat was found.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CelaniFmeasuremena.pdf
First Author: Cerofolini, C. F.
1495. Cerofolini, C.F. and A.F. Para, Alternatives in low energy fusion?". Springer Proc. Phys., 1992. 59 (Exot. At. Condens. Matter): p. 129.
First Author: Cerofolini, C. F.
1496. Chen, S.H., et al. The Sensitizing Phenomenon of X-ray Film in the Experiment of Metals Loaded with Deuterium. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Chen, S. H.
The sensitizing phenomenon of x-ray film was studied, in metals loaded with deuterium, by a cycle method of temperature and pressure (CMTP). The experimental results showed that the sensitizing and of x-ray film was derived from the chemical reaction and the anomalous effect of metals loaded with deuterium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=281
First Author: Chien, C. C.
A Pd electrode has been examined which produced a concentration of tritium in a 0.1 M LiOD solution around 10^3 times above background. Tritium production at a given potential ceased after a few days, but could be restarted by a small increase of the deuterium overpotential. Correspondingly, He4 was found in 9-10 pieces of the Pd electrode at 2-100 times background. Addition of fresh amounts of D2O quenched the T production which began again spontaneously after 1-2 days. If the T had come from contamination, 3He would have been found in the electrode: it was absent. Loss of charge by the nucleus lakes place when the fugacity of D in voids exceeds 10^17 atm (Lifshitz and Pitaevskii, 1963). Sporadicity of function arises from the state of the surface, which is difficult to reproduce. The surface state controls the mechanism of D- evolution: only some mechanisms give a fugacity high enough to cause fusion. Only one electrode out of four examined produced T and 4He. The surface of this electrode contained a Cu-mosaic structure, not seen on the inactive electrodes.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChienCConanelectr.pdf
First Author: Chien, C. C.
1499. Choi, E., H. Ejiri, and H. Ohsumi. Limit on Fast Neutrons from DD Fusion in Deuterized Pd by Means of Ge Detector. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Choi, E.
Search for fast neutrons from the electrochemistry loaded Pd-D system at room temperature was made in order to study the possible d-d fusion there. A low-background high-resolution Ge detector surrounded by neutron scatterers was used to investigate the fast (1 ~ 5 MwC neutrons. The neutron flux was obtained by measuring rates of the gamma rays following inelastic scattering of the fast neutrons from nuclei in the scatterers. The observed spectrum shows no significantly significant excess of gamma rays above background. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=223
First Author: Chu, L.
1501. Chubb, S.R. and T.A. Chubb. Ion Band State Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Chubb, S. R.
Puska et al. and Astaldi et al. have provided experimental evidence for the existence of hydrogen ion band states in adsorption studies of H and D atoms on metallic surfaces. If a certain view of quantum reality is correct, an ion band state (IBS) D+ population has wave function overlap and will undergo cold fusion, unlike normal molecules and ionic and covalent solids. Arguments leading to this conclusion and a tabulation of likely IBS reactions are presented.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=358
First Author: Clarke, B. W.
1503. Claytor, T.N., D.G. Tuggle, and S.F. Taylor. Evolution of Tritium from Deuterided Palladium Subject to High Electrical Currents. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Claytor, T. N.
An increase in the tritium level was detected in deuterium when various configurations of palladium foil or powder and silicon wafers or powder were subject to a high pulsed current. The deuterium, and over one atmosphere pressure, was circulated in a sealed loop containing the cell and an ionization chamber to measure the tritium increase as a function of time. After 4800 hours of data, spanning 10 cells (including deuterium and hydrogen controls), were collected with this system. Average tritium production has varied from 0.02 to 0.2 nCi/h. Due to experimental constraints we have not been able to measure neutron output with these cells while simultaneously measuring the tritium increase. The question of tritium contamination in the palladium has been primarily resolved by the development of techniques that allow the palladium powder or foil to be reused. Various methods for increasing the tritium production, such as, increased current density, surface modifiers, and higher deuterium loading, will be discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=220
First Author: Close, F.
1505. Conway, B.E. and J. Wojtowicz, Time-scales of electrochemical desorption and sorption of H in relation to dimensions and geometeies of host metal hydride electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1992. 326: p. 277.
First Author: Conway, B. E.
1506. Coupland, D.R., et al. Some Observations Related to the Presence of Hydrogen and Deuterium in Palladium. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Coupland, D. R.
Surface and bulk analytical work carried out on palladium rod samples returned to Johnson Matthey by Fleischmann and Pons indicates that a number of elements, including platinum and lithium were deposited on the surface during electrolysis in D2O. Surface analysis via time of flight SIMS indicates that the Li6/Li7 isotope ratio is unusually low but no original reference is available.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=23
First Author: Crawford, O. H.
1508. Criddle, E.E. Implications of Isoperibolic Electrode Calorimetry for Cold Fusion: The Silica Effect. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Criddle, E. E.
Isoperibolic electrode calorimetry has demonstrated that four times as much heat is generated at the anode then at the cathode in D2O. Experiments recognized that silica affected some results. Experiments in K2CO3 reported here identifies silica as both a contributor to excess heat generation and as a factor in modifying the cell calibration constant. Implications for cold fusion will be discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=157
First Author: Czerwinski, A.
1510. De Ninno, A. and V. Violante. "Quasi-Plasma" Transport Model in Deuterium Overloaded Cathodes. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: De Ninno, A.
The Pd-D system has been described assuming a two-population model. A "quasi-plasma" delocalized boson gas picture has been used for the deuterons exceeding the sto ichiometric ratio in Pd-D compounds.
A mathematical model supported by a numerical computer code with distributed parameters has been developed in order to describe the evolution of the deuteron concentration profile inside a Pd cathode under pulsed electrolysis. Several boundary conditions have been taken into account.
A strong correlation has been found between the model system evolution and the experimental data .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=115
First Author: Dong, Q.
1512. Drexler, J. Electrodeless, Multi-Megawatt Reactor for Room-Temperature, Lithium-6/Deuterium Nuclear Reactions. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Drexler, J.
This paper describes a reactor design to facilitate a room-temperature nuclear fusion/fission reaction to generate heat without generating unwanted neutrons, gamma rays, tritium, or other radioactive products.
The room-temperature fusion/fission reaction involves the sequential triggering of billions of single-molecule, Li6D "fusion energy pellets" distributed in lattices of a palladium ion accumulator that also acts as a catalyst to produce the molecules of Li6D from a solution comprising D2O, Li6OD with O2 gas bubbling through it. The D2 gas is the source of the negative deuterium ions in the Li60 molecules.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=397
First Author: Enyo, M.
Effective hydrogen pressure at hydrogen evolving cathode is discussed in connection with the mechanism of the hydrogen electrode reaction. A Nernst type expression involving hydrogen overpotential is not generally applicable. Experimental results on Pd and Pd-Ag alloy cathodes with and without addition of catalytic poison are presented. The highest pressure observed was ca. 106 atm at 0.25 A cm^-2, 30C.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=3
First Author: Enyo, M.
1515. Escarpizo, B., et al. Deuterium Concentration Profiles and Crystallization Anomalies in Electrolytically Deuterated Titanium Plates. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Escarpizo, B.
Deuterium concentration and distribution profiles in electrolytically deuterated Ti plates have been obtained by Elastic Recoil Detection (E.R.D. ) , Rutherford Back Scattering (R.B.S. ) and X-ray diffraction (XRD ) . It has been found that D/Ti ratio remains constant (~ 1.65) up to a penetration which depends on the electrolysis time and then it goes down steeply to ~0. 05. The formed deuteride (TiDx, x ~1.65) exhibits some preferred orientations and its texture depends on that of the original Ti plate. The relevance of these data in relation to electrolytic cold fusion experiments is discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=33
First Author: Fan, G. Y.
Anomalous neutron burst and an increase in tritium concentration were observed simultaneously from heavy water electrolysis with palladium cathode. Consider with previous experimental results, we presumed that production of neutrons and tritium from D2O electrolysis depends heavily on the Constitution and the state of each cathode.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=237
First Author: Fedorovich, G. V.
1518. Filimonov, V.A., Cold nuclear fusion: Its possibility in principle and means of realization. Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys., 1992. 37(6): p. 689.
First Author: Filimonov, V. A.
1519. Filimonov, V.A., On the probability of cold nuclear fusion implementation: Synergetic hypothesis. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1992. 162: p. 99.
First Author: Filimonov, V. A.
1520. Fisher, J.C., Polyneutrons as agents for cold nuclear reactions. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 511.
First Author: Fisher, J. C.
1521. Fleischmann, M. and S. Pons. Calorimetry of the Pd-D2O System: from Simplicity via Complications to Simplicity. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
It is shown that accurate values of the rates of enthalpy generation in the electrolysis of light and heavy water can be obtained from measurements in simple, single compartment Dewar type calorimeter cells. This precise evaluation of the rate of enthalpy generation relies on the non-linear regression fitting of the "black-box" model of the calorimeter to an extensive set of temperature time measurements. The method of data analysis gives a systematic underestimate of the enthalpy output and, in consequence, a slightly negative excess rate of enthalpy generation for an extensive set of blank experiments using both light and heavy water. By contrast, the electrolysis of heavy water at palladium electrodes shows a positive excess rate of enthalpy generation; this rate increases markedly with current density, reaching values of approximately 100 W cm^-3 at approximately 1 A cm^-2. It is also shown that prolonged polarization of palladium cathodes in heavy water leads to bursts in the rate of enthalpy generation; the thermal output of the cells exceeds the enthalpy input (or the total energy input) to the cells by factors in excess of 40 during these bursts. The total specific energy output during the bursts as well as the total specific energy output of fully charged electrodes subjected to prolonged polarization (5-50 MJ cm^-3) is 10^2 - 10^3 times larger than the enthalpy of reaction of chemical processes.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmancalorimetra.pdf
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
1523. Fox, H., Cold Fusion Impact in the Enhanced Energy Age. 1992, Salt Lake City: Fusion Information Center.
First Author: Fox, H.
1524. Fujii, M., et al. Measurement of Neutrons in Electrolysis at Low Temperature Range. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Fujii, M.
We observed three neutron trains continuing 2 or 3 h as the excess flux during electrolysis of due to rated alcoholic electrolyte at low temperature range with Pd cathode for 1878 h. those were 22 counts/2h and two times of 27 counts/3h in the average background counts of 4/h. We could not find any excess in other time intervals between 28.6 ms and 1878h. The production rates of the 22 and 27 pounds were 6.3 10-24 and 4.5 10-24/d-d/s during the 2 and 3h, respectively. The confidence level of neutron emission for the 22/2h and 27/3h were 88% and 59%, respectively, established from the statistics. And for the total of the three trains, the confidence level became 98%.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=219
First Author: Fujiwara, M.
The comparison of the neutron count rate was executed among the Pd states different in the absorbed deuteron amounts. Charge and discharge of deuterons to the Pd plate was repeated cyclically by electrolysis. Highly significant difference of 1% level in statistics was observed between filled and emptied states in one sample among the four samples tested. This excess neutron count rate corresponds to the fusion rate of 0.810^ -23 fusions/deuteron pair/sec.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=229
First Author: Fukai, Y.
1527. Fukai, Y. The ABC's of the Hydrogen-Metal System. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Fukai, Y.
Some basic properties of the hydrogen- metal system are described with particular attention paid to the availability of close D-D pairs in metals. A brief description is also given of the behavior of energetic D+ ions during their passage through a metal lattice.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=13
First Author: Fukai, Y.
1529. Fukushima, K. Is Sono-Fusion to be a Possible Mechanism for Cold Fusion? in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Fukushima, K.
Phenomena of sono-Iuminescence now appear before the footlights. Recently direct measurement of the temperature of a hot spot created in a liquid by applying a supersonic field was carried out and very large values, T ~ 0.5 eV, were obtained.
It seems, therefore, to be an urgent problem to determine the upper bound for temperatures and densities realizable in the hot spot, in connection with cold fusion. In this paper we calculate it by use of the bubble dynamics so far developed by many authors and estimate the fusion rate per bubble.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=345
First Author: Garfinkle, M.
1531. Gentsch, H., Reply to: R. Behrisch, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 96, 733 [1992]. Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem., 1992. 96: p. 734 (in German).
First Author: Gentsch, H.
1532. Gerlovin, I.L., R.K. Baranova, and P.S. Baranov, New approach to low-temperature nuclear fusion. Zh. Obshch. Khim., 1992. 62: p. 230 (in Russian).
First Author: Gerlovin, I. L.
1533. Gieryn, T.F., "The Social Dimensions of Science", The ballad of Pons and Fleischmann: Experiment and narrative in the (un)making of cold fusion, ed. E. McMullin. 1992: U. Notre Dame Press, Gieryn, T.F. 214.
First Author: Gieryn, T. F.
1534. Gluck, P., Understanding Reproducibility: Topology Is The Key. Fusion Facts, 1992. 3(11).
First Author: Gluck, P.
Lack of reproducibility was a kind of original sin and a rich source of troubles, despair and skeptics from the start of the cold fusion story. Now the situation is much improved, but the progress has resulted mainly from trial and error experiments and not from cause-effect considerations, principles, models or theories. This statement is valid even for the newly born light-water excess energy experiments [1]. The most developed theories, e.g. the T.R.M. model of Bush [2] must be combined with purely empirical descriptions of know-how and engineering data as those of Cravens [3] for electrochemical cells. Scaramuzzi [4] for gas-metal systems, Mills [5] (the experimental part) and Mallove [1] for light water experiments. An example of spectacular irreproducibility was obtained by the scientists of the Bhabha Atomic Research Center [6,7]: "not only are the anomalous fusion reactions found to take place in only a very few chips (obtained from the same piece of titanium) but even in those chips, tritium production is restricted to a small number of selected localized hot spots' only..."
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/GluckPunderstand.pdf
First Author: Gozzi, D.
On the line of the previous experiments carried out in a multicell electrochemical system, we will present the results obtained with an improved experimental apparatus recently assembled. In the present experimental configuration, we have a 60 3He tubes neutron counter from Jomar/Canberra (Los Alamos, NM) in which the ten cells system is located. In this way the efficiency of the neutron detection has been increased from 5x 10^-5 to 0.22. The sixty tubes are divided in twelve groups to localize which cell is generating neutrons owing to the counting of the twelve separated scalers. 4He detelmination by mass-spectrometry is another feature recently added to our experiment.
Preliminary results confirm what we already obtained and presented at ICCF2 last year. They are essentially the production of excess heat up to 43% without any appreciable neutron and tritium excesses compared to the respective backgrounds. A carefull check of the neutron data, through the analysis and dating of the single pulse shape, is still in progress to identify if intense spikes observed in the R+A count are due to a real in situ nuclear phenomena or background or artifact effects.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=161
First Author: Gozzi, D.
1537. Graneau, P. and N. Graneau, The role of Ampere forces in nuclear fusion. Phys. Lett. A, 1992. 165: p. 1.
First Author: Graneau, P.
1538. Groenlund, F., Electrolysis in calorimetry. J. Thermal Anal., 1992. 38: p. 229.
First Author: Groenlund, F.
1539. Hagelstein, P.L. Coherent and Semi-Coherent Neutron Transfer Reactions. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
Neutron transfer reactions are proposed to account for anomalies reported in Pons-Fleischmann experiments. The prototypical reaction involves the transfer of a neutron (mediated by low frequency electric or magnetic fields) from a donor nucleus to virtual continuum states, followed by the capture of the virtual neutron by an acceptor nucleus. In this work we summarize basic principles, recent results and the ultimate goals of the theoretical effort .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=44
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
1541. Hargrave, C., Cold Fusion: A Glimpse into the Future. Share International, 1992. 11: p. 17.
First Author: Hargrave, C.
1542. Hasegawa, N., et al. Observation of Excess Heat during Electrolysis of 1 M LiOD in a Fuel Cell Type Closed Cell. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Hasegawa, N.
Measurement of the excess heat generation during electrolysis of 1 M LiOD has been conducted in a closed cell pressurerized by deuterium gas in which a fuel cell type gas diffusion electrode was employed as an anode, and a platinized platinum electrode served as the RHE for determination of hydrogen overvoltage at the palladium cathode. This has allowed us simultaneous determination of both excess heat generation and deuterium loading ratio, D/Pd, in the course of long term electrolysis which lasted for nearly two months.
Dependence of excess heat generation on D/Pd has been observed up to D/Pd = 0.88 with the maximum outpuVinput ratio of 1 .35. The minimum O/Pd to produce the excess heat has been found around 0.83-0.84.
Dependence of O/Pd on the overvoltage and the dependence of the excess heat generation on the O/Pd suggest that the dependence of the excess heat generation on the current density reported originally by Fleischmann and Pons and later by Storms can be interpreted in terms of the dependence of the loading ratio on the electrolysis current density. In other words, higher current density is necessary to maintain the high loading ratio.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=117
First Author: Hsu, C. L.
TEM was used to study the microstructure of Pd electrodes before and after electrochemical reaction in molten salt and heavy water cells. Hydrogen ordered structure in the non-stoichiometric PHx was observed in the Pd specimens annealed in air, vacuum and hydrogen furance. On the contrary, high density of dislocations and subgrains and no superlattice structure was observed in the Pd specimens after electrochemical reactions. The reason why no superlattice structure in the electrochemically reacted Pd may be due to traping of hydrogen atoms by defects.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=298
First Author: Huizenga, J. R.
1545. Iida, T., et al. Deuteron Fusion Experiment with Ti and Pd Foils Implanted with Deuterium Beams. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Iida, T.
In order to examine the "cold" deuteron fusion reaction, we have tried making deuteron implantation experiments on Ti and Pd foils. A 20 cm diam. x 24 cm cylinder-type vacuum chamber was installed at the end section of a 240 keV deuteron accelerator. In the center of the chamber, a Ti or Pd foil sample was set to face toward 3 nsec pulsed deuteron beams collimated with a 3 mm diam. aperture. A Si-SSD was placed behind the foil sample for the measurement of high energy charged particles emitted from the foil by the supposed deuteron fusion reactions.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=206
First Author: Ikegami, H.
This is the complete proceedings of the Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, October 21 - 25, 1992 Nagoya, Japan.
The printed book is in one volume, but this version has been split into two parts to facilitate downloading. This is Part 1, title page to page 252.
This file is in image-over-text Acrobat format, so it is large. Some individual papers from the proceedings have been uploaded separately after being completely converted to text Acrobat format, which is cleaner and smaller. In some cases the separate papers have been re-edited by the authors and improved.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf
First Author: Ikegami, H.
This is the complete proceedings of the Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, October 21 - 25, 1992 Nagoya, Japan.
The printed book is in one volume, but this version has been split into two parts to facilitate downloading. This is Part 2, page 253 to page 698.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf
First Author: Isagawa, S.
The electrolysis of heavy water is being investigated with two types of open calorimetric systems. Pd cathodes, Pt anodes and D2O/0.1 M LiOD electrolytes have been used. Until now no clear-cut heat bursts as reported have been observed. One exceptional phenomenon showing abnormal power imbalance without neutron and tritium anomalies was found, but has not been repeated under the similar experimental conditions. Neutron emission, on the other hand, as a very rare case showed an abnormal increase for only short term during one of another series of experiments. The increase of about 3.8 sigma above the background level lasted for 9 hours on the 20th day after starting the electrolysis. The emission rate amounts to about 27.2 11.2 neutrons s^-l, which is equivalent to about 700 times as much as the background level. Neither excess heat nor tritium anomalies were, however, observed. The reason for the lack of repeatability of these experimental results is discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=215
First Author: Ishida, T.
1550. Jaendel, M., The fusion rate in the transmission resonance model. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 176.
First Author: Jaendel, M.
1551. Jandel, M., The Fusion Rate in the Transmission Resonance Model. Fusion Technol., 1992. 21: p. 176.
First Author: Jandel, M.
1552. Jones, S.E., Current issues in cold fusion research: heat, helium, tritium, and energetic particles. Surf. Coatings Technol., 1992. 51: p. 283.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
1553. Kaliev, K., et al. Reproducible Nuclear Reactions during Interaction of Deuterium with Oxide Tungsten Bronze. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Kaliev, K.
The possibility of essential increase of rate of carring out nuclear reactions with participance of deuterium in solids representing solid electrolytes with cation-electronic conductivity has been shown in the paper. It is found out that strict maintenance of experiment parameters leads to completely qualitatively reproduced results: generation of neutrons and heat at introduction of deuterium into the system.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=243
First Author: Kamada, K.
Both H-H and D-D fusion reactions, detected via high energy particle emission on CR-39, are shown to occur when 200 and 400 keV electrons are bombarded onto H+ or D+ ion implanted Al thin crystals. Roughly 1-2103 particle emissions, including both hydrogen and helium isotopes, in whole space were observed in each case. Collisions between recoilled D atoms due to the high energy electron impact give only 10-12 to 10-26 times smaller fusion rates than the experimental results. The present observations suggest the presence of a new kind of fusion reaction which occurs with negligible kinetic energy of the reacting nuclei.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=289
First Author: Kamada, K.
This paper is similar to the ICCF3 paper from the same author: Kamada, K. Electron Impact H-H and D-D Fusions in Molecules Embedded in Al. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan, which can be found here:
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=289
This library has only the abstract and DOI of the paper. The full paper can be downloaded from the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics.
Here is the Abstract:
Both H-H and D-D fusion reactions, detected via high energy particle emission on CR-39, are shown to occur when 200 and 400 keV electrons are bombarded onto H+ or D+ ion implanted Al thin crystals. Roughly 1-2103 particle emissions, including both hydrogen and helium isotopes, in whole space were observed in each case. Collisions between recoilled D atoms due to the high energy electron impact give only 10-12 to 10-26 times smaller fusion rates than the experimental results. The present observations suggest the presence of a new kind of fusion reaction which occurs with negligible kinetic energy of the reacting nuclei.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KamadaKelectronim.pdf
First Author: Karabut, A. B.
Experimental results of impurity concentration measurements in palladium cathode by different methods before and after glow discharge in deuterium experiments are presented. Some very strange elements which we could not find in discharge environment can be seen. An attempt to understand this situation on the basis of fission and fusion in Pd-d system is presented.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KarabutABpossiblenu.pdf
First Author: Karabut, A. B.
New results for glow discharge in deuterium calorimetry are presented. In separate experiments a heat output five times exceeding the input electric power was observed. The result for the charged particle spectrum measurement is presented. Charged particles with energies up to 18 MeV and an average energy of 2-4 MeV were seen. Beams of gamma-rays with energies of about 200 keV and a characteristic X-ray radiation were registered. The summed energy of the registered products is three orders short of the values needed to explain the calorimetric results.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KarabutABnuclearpro.pdf
First Author: Kasagi, J.
Energetic protons were observed up to ~ 17.5 MeV i n the bombardment of 150-keV deuteron on highly deuterated Ti rods. It has been shown that these protons are originated from the D +3He reaction. The observed spectrum can be explained very well by the sequential reaction process, except for the three cases which require
anomalous concentration of 3H e in TiDx . The concentration, which is severely limited at some particular places i n TiDx and seldom occurs , is considered to occur before the bombardment.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=213
First Author: Kawarabayashi, J.
1560. Kim, Y.E., et al. Condensed Matter Effects for Cold and Hot Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
In dense plasmas, the ensemble of fusing particles has a significant exchange of kinetic and potential energies. Because of this condensed matter effect (CME), the higher Z nuclei thus have a larger reduction in fusion rates.
Our proposed solution of the solar neutrino problem finds a larger reduction for 7Be(p, gamma)8 B than for p(p, e+ ve )D. Our CME predictions are consistent with neutrino detection experiments. CME have broad ranging astrophysical implications; may account for the anomalous branching ratio in cold fusion; and may be testable in laboratory beam fusion experiments with solid targets.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=67
First Author: Kitcher, P.
1562. Kitcher, P., The Social Dimensions of Science Authority, deference, and the role of individual reason, ed. E. McMullin. 1992: U. Notre Dame Press. 245.
First Author: Kitcher, P.
1563. Kobayashi, M., et al. Measurements of D/Pd and Excess Heat during Electrolysis of LiOD in a Fuel-Cell Type Closed Cell Using a Palladium Sheet Cathode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Kobayashi, M.
Measurement of O/Pd and excess heat was carried out during electrolysis of LiOD in a fuel-cell type closed cell using two batches of palladium sheet cathodes. We applied the "saw-tooth" current mode and the following "L-H " current mode which was employed originally by Takahashi. Excess heat of 1 0-30% of input power was observed in experiment-A using a Pd sheet cathode that was one of the same batch used by Takahashi. But in experiment-B, the palladium sheet that was one of the different batch did not produce any measurable excess power. The saw-tooth mode and the L-H mode operation had no effect to enhance D/Pd.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=125
First Author: Komaki, H.
In previous paper [1-7] the author with Prof. Dr. C. Louis KERVRAN suggested the probable occurrence of the biological cold fusion or the biological transmutation of elements. In order to confirm the phenomena. under the more controlled condition, potassium, magnesium, iron and calcium were determined in cells of Aspergillus niger IFO 4066. Penicillium chrysogenum IFO 4689, Rhizopus nigricans IFO 5781, Mucor rouxii IFO 0396, Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 0308. Torulopsis utilis IFO 0396, Saccharomyces ellipsoideus IFO 0213 and Hansenula anomala IFO 0118 cultured in normal medium and media deficient in one of potassium, magnesium, iron or calcium. Values of potassium 1890 ~ 2650 μg. magnesium 380 ~ 510 μg. iron 95 - 120 μg, and calcium 60 ~ 95 μg were obtained per g dried cells cultured in each deficient medium, while potassium 8650 ~ 11050 μg, magnesium 1920 ~ 2160 μg, iron 510 - 680 μg, and calcium 380 ~ 450 μg were found per g dried cells obtained by cultivation in the normal medium.
The author would like to suggest the probable occurrence of the phenomena relevant to biological cold fusion.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=293
First Author: Kubota, A.
The hydrogen and deuterium loading ratio, H/Pd and D/Pd, in Pd cathode were measured during electrolysis of 1 M LiOD, 1 M LiOH, 2.8M HzS04, 2.8M D2S04, 14.7 M H3P04, 0.57 M K2CO3 in a fuel-cell type closed cell. Cold worked pure Pd (diam. 2 - diam. 5 rods) were used for cathodes. A gas-diffusion type fuel cell anode was used for ionization of hydrogen and deuterium gas. H/Pd or D/Pd was calculated from H2 or D2 gas pressure decrease and temperature during electrolysis under in-situ conditions.
The result is summarized as follows; the loading ratio depends on hydrogen overvoltage. D/Pd is smaller than H/Pd by 4 ~ 8% for a given overvoltage. The loading ratio does not depend on electrolyte, but the overvoltage depends on electrolyte for a given current density.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=302
First Author: Kunimatsu, K.
We have developed a novel electrolytic cell pressurized by D2 in which deuterium loading ratio in a palladium cathode can be determined in-situ during the calorimetric measurements of excess heat. A gas diffusion type fuel cell anode is partially immersed in the electrolyte solution to act as a counter electrode, at which electrochemical oxidation of deuterium gas molecules to deuterium ions takes place instead of electrolytic decomposition of water molecules to generate oxygen gas.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KunimatsuKdeuteriuml.pdf
First Author: Kuzmann, E.
1568. Kuzmann, E., et al. On the Possibility of Cold Nuclear Fusion in Fe-Zr Amorphous Alloy. in Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Solid Systems, "AIP Conference Proceedings 228". 1992. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.
First Author: Kuzmann, E.
1569. Lason, L., et al., Search for neutrons from cold fusion of deuterium absorbed in palladium. Acta Univ. Lodz., Fol. Phys., 1992. 16: p. 3.
First Author: Lason, L.
1570. Lawson, A.C., et al., Debye-Waller factors of PdDx materials by neutron powder diffraction. J. Alloys and Compounds, 1992. 183: p. 174.
First Author: Lawson, A. C.
1571. Lee, K.H. and Y.M. Kim. The Change of Tritium Concentration during the Electrolysis of D2O in Various Electrolytic Cells. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Lee, K. H.
The U-type and bell jar type electrolytic cells were designed using pyrex glass and modified for recombination of gases with platinum catalysts. The electrolysis of LiOD/D2O in V-type cell yielded more final activities in Pt/Pd system than Pt/Pt system. Some electrolysis of LiOD/D2O in Pt/Pd showed the increase of 3T above 100%. The separation factor of D/T in electrolysis was not measured directly but assumed 2 ~ 3 from literature. The increase of 3T can not be explained with the isotope separation effect.
But in the modified cells with recombination, the electrolysis yielded no significant increase of final tritium activities in the total system. In this case, recombined D2O was collected separately and total 3T activities were obtained by combining this with residue in D2O electrolytes.
Finally, bell jar type closed cells were designed with recombination catalysts. And palladium electrode was covered by different porous materials. After 10 days of electrolysis with a change of current density, one cell showed the increase of 3T activities significantly.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=249
First Author: Lewenstein, B. V.
1573. Lewenstein, B.V., Cold fusion and hot history. Osiris, 1992. 7: p. 135.
First Author: Lewenstein, B. V.
1574. Li, X.Z. Cold Fusion Researches in China-From Confirmation to Analyzing the Mechanism. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Li, X. Z.
While the number of activities was decreasing. the quality of the research activities on cold fusion was improved in the third year. Neutron em issions from the glow discharge tu be with flowing deuterium gas a readdressed to confirm the a nomalous nuclear phenomen on. "Combined Resonance Tunneling" and the concept of "Semi-Resonance" are proposed to be the possible mechanism.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=82
First Author: Li, X. Z.
When nuclear potential wells are connected by an atomic potential well, a new kind of tunneling may happen even if there is no virtual energy level in nuclear potential wells. The necessary condition for this combined residence tunneling is a residence in the atomic potential well. Thus, the nuclear reaction may be affected by the action in atomic scale in terms of combined residence tunneling. The nuclear spectrum data support this idea.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=333
First Author: Liang, W. X.
A schematic diagram of the device is shown in Fig. 1. Discharge is produced by an AC voltage (300V-600V , 50Hz) applied between two Pd Coaxial electrodes in a glass tube filling deuterium gas with pressure in the range of 0.1 to tens Torr. The neutron counts are recorded by two long Counters Consisting of BF3 Counter. One of the neutron detectors is close to the glass tube and another is far away from glass tube for background neutron level measurements. After 20 minutes discharge cleaning with 350V AC at this time increasing the voltage to 500v , the neutron counts are suddenly increased to the level higher than 4 times of the background. Fifteen minutes later increasing a little deuterium pressure again, the neutron counts rise to a level of 10 times higher than the background (see Fig. 2).
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=184
First Author: Liaw, B. Y.
This paper proposes a "shuttle mechanism" in the hydride-containing molten salts under severe charging conditions. Our previous work reported that the use of elevated-temperature deuteride-containing molten salts promises great potential for charging deuterium into metals for excess heat generation. Substantial excess heat was measured occasionally but was difficult to reproduce, which reduced the prospect of this technology. We believe an understanding of the reaction mechanism is critical for reproducibility.
The proposed "shuttle mechanism" is based on the interpretation of the polarization behavior for various cell operating conditions. An attempt has been made to understand the reaction(s) responsible for the excess heat generation in spite of the complexity of the electrochemistry of this molten-salt system compared to heavy-water electrolysis. We examined the oxidation potentials reported in the literature and compared with results obtained from polarization techniques .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=141
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1579. Lipson, A.G., et al., On the initiation of DD reactions in the zirconium-deuterium system. Phys. Lett. A, 1992. 166: p. 43.
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1580. Lipson, A.G., et al., Parallel recording of pulsed thermal effects and neutron bursts in heterostructural Au/Pd/PdO, saturated with deuterium by electrochemical means. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1992. 18(20): p. 58 (in Russian).
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1581. Lipson, A.G., et al., Neutron emission in monocrystals of KD2PO4, stimulated by ferroelectric phase transition. Pis`ma Zh. Tekh. Fis., 1992. 18(16): p. 90 (in Russian).
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1582. Long, H.Q., et al. Anomalous Effects in Deuterium/Metal Systems. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Long, H. Q.
Stable and high yield of neutron had been measured repeatedly in the glow discharge processs of the flowing rare deuterium gas in a Deuterium / Metal system consisted of Pt, Nb, W, Cu, Mo, Ag or Fe with D respectively.
A layer of metal film which was deposited on the inner surface of glass reaction bulb in the glow discharge process and insulated from electrodes played key action on inducing anomalous effects repeatedly. Neutrons had been measured by activation detector (115In, 193Ir) and recoil proton neutron spectrometer; there was a continued spectrum in the energy range from 0.5 Mev to 11 MeV; The average neutron energy was 3.55MeV; different heights of peak appeared at (0. 5-1 .0) Mev, (3.0-3.5)Mev, (5.0 - 5.5)Mev, (8.0-8.5)Mev, (9.0--9.5)Mev and (10.0 - 10.5)Mev; but the neutrons of (2.0-2.5)Mev interesting to people appeared in a valley of the energy spectrum and their yield was only 7-8 % of the total yield of neutrons. The highest yield of neutron appeared in D / Pt system, the lowest appeared in D / Fe system . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=186
First Author: Long, H. Q.
Neutron emission which average rate was 13-330 n/s and x-rays which average energy > eUmax were continuously detected from a gas discharge reaction ball, these neutrons were divided into two groups of 2 - 2.5 MeV and 2.5 - 7 MeV, and the emission of neutron was 100% reproducible.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=194
First Author: Lopez Garcia, A. R.
1585. Lpson, A.G., et al., Yield of nuclear fusion products from absorption of elastic energy in deuterated metals. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1992. 323(6): p. 1097 (in Russian).
First Author: Lpson, A. G.
1586. Lynch, D.L., et al., Spectroscopic studies of surface and subsurface hydrogen/metal systems. J. Chem. Phys., 1992. 97(7): p. 5177.
First Author: Lynch, D. L.
1587. Ma, Y.L., H.X. Yang, and X.X. Dai, A theoretical study of the possibility of cold nuclear fusion in condensed matter. Nucl. Fusion Plasma Phys., 1992. 12: p. 171 (in Chinese).
First Author: Ma, Y. L.
1588. Maizza, G., et al., Study on deuterium absorption of Pd at high-pressure D2 gas and low temperatures. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1992. 14D: p. 27.
First Author: Maizza, G.
1589. Matsumoto, O., et al. Detection of Neutron and Tritium during Electrolysis of D2SO4-D2O Solution. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Matsumoto, O.
During the electrolysis of 0.5 M D2SO4-D2O solution using Pd as the cathode material and Pt as an anode material, the emission of neutron was detected by means of the fission track method and the production of tritium was investigated with a liquid scintillation method.
The neutron emission rate was estimated to be comparable with the natural abundance of neutrons at the surface of the earth which was 2 neutrons cm^-2 s^-1 estimated by fission track method comparing with the neutron radiation from the 241Am-9Be neutron source. The tritium production rate was established to be 10^4 T atoms cm^-2 s^-1 in the Pd metal used as the cathode materials by the liquid scintillation method. The branching ratio (T/n) was established to be 10^4.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=233
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
A review is described for the Nattoh model that provides the framework of the mechanisms of cold fusion. The model classifies the reactions into two categories: fundamental and associated reactions. The former involves the "hydrogen-catalyzed" fusion reaction and the chain reactions of hydrogens. And extremely exciting physics are involved in the latter. Furthermore experimental findings are described.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=349
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1592. Matsumoto, T., Observation of gravity decays of multiple-neutron nuclei during cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 164.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1593. Matsumoto, T., Searching for tiny black holes during cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 281.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1594. Matsumoto, T., Observation of stars produced during cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 518.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1595. Matsunami, N. A Mechanism for Cold Nuclear Fusion: Barrier Reduction by Screening Under Transient Coherent Flow of Deuterium. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Matsunami, N.
A mechanism for the cold nuclear fusion is suggested, based on reduction of the barrier penetration factor lambda due to screening by enhanced electron density around deuterium at excited/ionic states under transient coherent flow of d in metals. Four D- state, lambda ~ 70 or the rate of ~1 fusion/s*cm^3 is obtained. The effective region and probability of the transient coherent D- state are discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=372
First Author: Mayer, F. J.
1597. McAllister, J.W., Competition among scientific disciplines in cold nuclear fusion research. Science in Context, 1992. 5: p. 17.
First Author: McAllister, J. W.
1598. McKee, J.S.C., et al., The role of fractofusion in the creation of anomalies in neutron production from deuterium-implanted solids. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B, 1992. 67: p. 448.
First Author: McKee, J. S. C.
1599. McKubre, M.C.H., et al. Excess Power Observations in Electrochemical Studies of the D/Pd System; The Influence of Loading. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: McKubre, M. C. H.
Excess power measurements have been carried out on a deuterium-based electrochemical system of novel design. The excess power generation is reported as a function of electrochemical current and cathode loading. A phenomenological model for excess power production is introduced and briefly discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/McKubreMCHexcesspowe.pdf
First Author: Melich, M. E.
An analysis of the time series data from the 16 Harwell FPH electrochemical cells is being conducted. Using generally accepted calorimetric principles and detailed numerical analysis, the behavior of "cold fusion" output data is used to estimate the instrumental sensitivity and the time varying accuracy of the results of the experiments. In Harwells D2O Cell 3 there are more than ten time intervals where an unexplained power source or energy storage mechanism may be operating. A comparison to a previous analysis of Pons and Fleischmann data is made.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MelichMEsomelesson.pdf
First Author: Mellican, R. E.
1602. Mengoli, G., et al., Tritium and neutron emission in D2O electrolysis at Pd and Ti cathodes. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1992. 322: p. 107.
First Author: Mengoli, G.
1603. Miles, M., Critical Analysis of Cold Fusion Calorimetric Data Reported by Caltech Scientists. 1992, Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division: China Lake, CA.
First Author: Miles, M.
Most scientists have dismissed cold fusion as a pathological science or as another polywater episode, yet the third international conference on this subject will take place in Japan later this year. Furthermore, considerable experimental evidence has quietly accumulated that supports the occurrence of nuclear reactions in a metal lattice near room temperature.
The presentations and publications by N. Lewis et al. were obviously major factors in turning the scientific and public opinion against the concept of electrochemically induced cold fusion (5). Ignoring any debate about cold fusion, there are apparently major flaws in the calorimetric experiments reported by N. Lewis et al. that have been brought to my attention by V. Noninski and reported in detail elsewhere. These apparent errors need to be presented to the scientific community and considered in any cold fusion discussions.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MilesMcriticalan.pdf
First Author: Miles, M.
Eight electrolysis gas samples collected during episodes of excess power production in two identical cells showed the presence of 4He. Six control samples gave no evidence for helium. Various studies of helium diffusion into
our Pyrex glass sample flasks established a minimum helium detection limit of 3 x 10^13 4He/500 mL (3 ppb) for our experiments. This places our rate of 4He production at 10^11 - 10^12 4He/s * W which is the correct magnitude for typical fusion reactions that yield helium as a product. Simultaneous evidence for excess power, helium production, and anomalous radiation was present in these experiments. Progress relating to helium measurements have been hindered by difficulties in obtaining large excess power effects.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=195
First Author: Miles, M.
Most of the laboratories involved with the question of excess enthalpy in Pd-D2O electrolysis experiments have employed isoperibolic calorimetric techniques. A careful re-examination of earlier results from several laboratories (California Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harwell Laboratory) is
needed in terms of our present understanding of electrochemical calorimetry. Error sources in their experiments are discussed. There is possible evidence for excess power production in the Pd-D2O electrolysis experiments at one of these laboratories.
A significant experimental problem in many isoperibolic calorimetric studies is the fact that the decrease in the electrolyte level due to electrolysis produces a significant decrease in the calorimetric cell constant if the temperature is measured in the electrolyte of the electrochemical cell. Furthermore, heat conduction pathways out of the top of the cell can produce large errors, especially at low power levels. There is no steady state in electrochemical calorimetry, hence accurate results require the evaluation of all terms in the differential equation governing the calorimeter.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MilesMcalorimetr.pdf
First Author: Miles, M.
1607. Miley, G.H., et al. Multilayer Thin Film Electrodes for Cold Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Miley, G. H.
The application of the " swimming electron layer" theory to the design of multilayer electrodes is discussed. A key advantage of this approach is that the enhanced reaction rate at interfaces between select metals results in a high power density throughout the volume of the electrode.
Design criteria and fabrication techniques devised for the multilayer thin films are discussed. Initial experiments using a dense plasma focus (DPF) for loading these targets are described along with the design of an electrolytic cell intended to test scaling to high powers.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=393
First Author: Mills, R. L.
1609. Miyamaru, H. and A. Takahashi. Periodically Current-Controlled Electrolysis of D2O/Pd System for Excess Heat Production. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Miyamaru, H.
For the purpose of clarifying the correlation between current density and excess heat production in the D2O/Pd electrolysis, a new measurement system with an open type calorimeter was constructed. And electrolysis cell was specially designed and applied current was changed every few hours. Some palladium plates were electrolyzed with various current densities. A slight excess heat was observed during step-up mode electrolysis of the palladium plate called the first batch. No excess heat was observed with other palladium plates. Though the relation between applied current patterns and excess heat level was not clear, this study suggests that palladium material feature has an important role in excess heat production.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=133
First Author: Mizuno, T.
Excess heat generation from Pd electrode during cathodic polarization in D2O LiOD solution was investigated as a function of D/Pd loading ratio. The excess heat was observed when a Pd sample was filled with deuterium in D/Pd ~0.90 by cathodic charging. The excess heat increased with D/Pd in an exponential manner: the heat was of the order of magnitude of 0.1 Watt/cm^2 at D/PD ~1.0.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=113
First Author: Mizuno, T.
1612. Mo, D.W., et al. Real Time Measurements of the Energetic Charged Particles and the Loading Ratio (D/Pd). in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Mo, D. W.
A loading D2 gas system was built, which can measure the gas pressure, the temperature, the loading ratio, the charged particles and bursts, in real-time. The charged particles and burst was searched and the reproducible condition was found preliminary.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=273
First Author: Nagasaki, T.
1614. Nakada, M., T. Kusunoki, and M. Okamoto. Energy of the Neutrons Emitted in Heavy Water Electrolysis. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Nakada, M.
The Low/High pulse mode electrolysis has been introduced to carry out the experimental study to clarify the dependency of the UH pulse modes operation of electrolysis on the neutron emission from the Pd cathodes. Among 6 runs of the electrolysis of VH pulse mode operations, 3 of them gave appreciable neutron emission. The neutron energy spectra were found to have the two compornents (2.45 MeV peak and a broad band in higher energy region). The intensity of the 2.45 MeV neutron is smaller than that of the higher energy.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=179
First Author: Nakada, M.
The depth profile analysis of Pd, Li, and D has been performed by means of SIMS to clarify the roles of lithium in D2O Pd electrolysis for cold fusion research. Very clear differences between the depth profiles of Li and D in the Pd electrode surfaces with the neutron emissions and without it. The depth profiles were also found to depend on the mode of the electric current employed. Based on the above findings, it is discussed that the anomalous deuterium accumulation in the surface region of the Pd with the neutron emission and attributed to the formation of Pd-Li layer in the surface region and to the low/high pulsed mode electrolysis with heavy water with LiOD.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=318
First Author: Nakata, T.
Electrolytic hydrogen absorption into Pd foil (50 μm thickness) was investigated in the absence and presence of 30 μ M thiourea (THU) in 0.5M H2SO4 and 0.4M LiOH. The amount of hydrogen absorbed under cathodic polarization was determined by integrating the ionization current of hydrogen when Pd electrode was polarized anodically.
After THU addition in the acidic and alkaline solution H/Pd increased by about 8% and 5%, respectively.
Further we tried absorption of deuterium into Pd foil and found a similar effect of THU to increase D/Pd only in the acidic solution.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=310
First Author: Noninski, V. C.
1618. Notoya, R. and M. Enyo. Excess Heat Production in Electrolysis of Potassium Carbonate Solution with Nickel Electrodes. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Notoya, R.
With the aim of realizing potassium proton cold fusion, the electrolysis of light water solution of potassium carbonate was carried out by means of porous nickel cathode. The cell was called by a constant rate airstream and maintained at 20C during all the electrolysis. Typical results indicated that the excess heat production rate was proportional to the input power in the range of measurements (up to 2 W) and the excess heat observed was 3 to 4 times greater than the input power, after correction for the thermo-neutral potential.
After the electrolysis, the calcium ion concentration in the electrolyte was measured by flame photo spectrometry and the increase of calcium concentration in the electrolytes due to the electrolysis was found to be 3.2 to 4.4 ppm. These amounts are comparable to the amounts of excess heat calculated within the same order of magnitude.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=161
First Author: Ohmori, T.
Excess heat evolution was measured on Ni, Au, Ag and Sn in aqueous K2CO3, Na2SO4 and Li2SO4 solutions under galvanostatic electrolysis conditions. Steady evolution of excess heat in various electrode/electrolyte solutions, but not in nickel, was observed for at least several days of observation. The largest excess heat observed was 907 mW on Sn in K2SO4.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=167
First Author: Ota, K.
The heat balances of the heavy water electrolysis by Pd were measured in the closed cell. The excess heat with burst was observed three times out of 13 runs when mechanically treated Pd cathodes were used in 1 M LiOD solution. One of these was for Pd-Ag alloy (90:10) which began at 1,155 h after the start of the electrolysis, lasting for 240 h. The average output power was 105% of the input during that time. The integrated excess heat was calculated to be 185 MJ per cubic centimeter of palladium. In this case the maximum excess power was recorded for this Pd.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=81
First Author: Oyama, N.
Electrolysis of D2O containing LiOD using palladium cathode was studied with a closed type calorimeter. The electric power input was kept constant, and all D2 and O2 generated and liberated to a gas phase were recombined on a catalyst, palladium black supported on a platinum wire. When the electric power of 0.2 W was
employed, excess heat generation (2.4%) was observed once out of 5 experiments. No significant generation of excess heat was observed for LiOH/H2O electrolysis. In the case where the electric power of 0.3 W was employed, excess heat was observed (2.7%) for more than one month in the presence of 200 ppm aluminum. Depositon
of aluminum onto the palladium surface was examined by means of in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=77
First Author: Oyama, N.
The in-situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) technique has been applied to study electrolysis of water containing 0.2 M LiClO4 at Pd cathode. Decrease in resonant frequency was observed during the electrolysis. The decrease was attributed to the mass change involving hydrogen absorption into the palladium and lithium underpotential deposition, the mechanical stress change in the electrode, and the change in roughness of the electrode surface. The stress change, which may be caused by hydrogen uptake, was estimated using palladium film-coated AT- and BT-cut quartz crystal oscillators. The surface roughness change was observed by scanning electron microscopy and a number of cracks and holes were found. Underpotential deposition of lithium was observed in propylene carbonate containing 0.1 M LiClO4 and 16 mg L^-1 water. Contributions of respective factors to the total frequency change was estimated.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=314
First Author: Pinch, T. J.
1624. Pons, S. and M. Fleischmann, Concerning the detection of neutron and gamma-rays from cells containing palladium cathodes polarized in heavy water. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1992. 105A: p. 763.
First Author: Pons, S.
1625. Prati, P., et al., Search for neutron emission from titanium-deuterium systems. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1992. 105: p. 293.
First Author: Prati, P.
1626. Preparata, G. Towards a Theory of Cold Fusion Phenomena. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Preparata, G.
1627. Qiu, W.C., et al., PAS studies on the new topic: Cold nuclear fusion. Mat. Sci. Forum, 1992. 105-110: p. 1961.
First Author: Qiu, W. C.
1628. Ragland, E. A Physical Description of Cold Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Ragland, E.
Cold nuclear fusion of deuterium in an electrolysis cell with palladium electrodes is described as a comprehensive sequence of physical phenomena.
1 . Electrolysis generates many more cations than are necessary to sustain ionization in the cell. The excess cations are adsorbed on the cathode surface where they create an electrical charge Qo of "overvoltage" Eo.
2 A small fraction (0.01 to 0.1%) of the adsorbed cations, which are thousands of times smaller than typical electrolysis cations and driven by meV adsorption kinetics, penetrate several hundred lattice layers into the cathode metal. These nuclei absorb into the metal until its capacity C (nt) saturates. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=383
First Author: Rambaut, M.
It is shown that the same phenomenon has been observed in cold fusion and also in other rather different experiments. The necessity to take into account the electron participation in nuclear fusion process in dense media is ensuing from this result. It implies that the fusion reaction rate, necessary for obtaining the Lawson criterion in the thermonuclear case, is not any valid for those experiments: so a new formula is proposed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=337
First Author: Rambaut, M.
1631. Ray, M.K.S., et al., The Fleischmann-Pons phenomenon - a different perspective. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 395.
First Author: Ray, M. K. S.
1632. Riley, A.M., J.D. Seader, and D.W. Pershing, An in-situ volumetric method for dynamically measuring the absorption of deuterium in palladium during electrolysis. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1992. 139: p. 1342.
First Author: Riley, A. M.
1633. Roberts, D.A., et al., Deuterated liquid scintillator (NE230) as a fast neutron detector for cold- fusion and other research. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 1992. 39(4): p. 532.
First Author: Roberts, D. A.
1634. Romodanov, V.A., et al. Nuclear Fusion in Condensed Matter. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Romodanov, V. A.
On the basis of the analysis of the energy lost by a fast particle and a solid it is supposed that the most probable energy range for the reactions of nuclear fusion in the condensed media is in the range of the reduced energy of the interacting particles from E0 to E2 (~(10-400 * 16 * 10^-19 J for D-D reactions) . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=54
First Author: Rousseau, D. L.
1636. Rout, R.K., et al. Phenomenon of Low Energy Emission from Hydrogen/Deuterium Loaded Palladium. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Rout, R. K.
Palladium loaded with either hydrogen or deuterium is found to give a clear autoradiograph on exposure to X-ray film. The phenomena is found to be 100% reproducible and is independent of the technique of loading, be it electrolytic, gas loading, plasma discharge or ion implantation. It appears only if the exposure to X-ray film is done in atmosphere of hydrogen, oxygen or air. These emissions are also detected by TLD measurements. Investigations seeking to identify the nature/energy of the radiation through transmission measurements using various filters tentatively indicate that the radiations could be low energy electrons having an energy of around 300 to 400 eV.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RoutRKphenomenon.pdf
First Author: Sakaguchi, H.
Helium isotopes (3He and 4He) from D2 and H2 gases absorbed in LaNi4 were analyzed with a noble gas mass spectrometer. The reproducible increase in 3He, corresponding to a fusion probability of > 8.010^-24 d-d*s^-1, was observed on the D2-experiment, whereas 3He was not formed by the reaction of H2 and LaNi5. 4He production was unreliable, because the reproducibility of the result has not been obtained.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=265
First Author: Sano, T.
We prepared a series of palladium-based rods with various compositions and processing histories as cathode for water electrolysis. These rods were evaluated in terms of hydrogen loading ratio (H/Pd). The hydrogen loading ratios of Pd-Ag and Pd-Ce alloys were compared with that of a pure Pd rod. The hydrogen loading ratios of Pd rods were subjected to a kneeling and/or cold-working (swaging) are also compared with that of a cast Pd rod. The results show that the alloying markedly reduces the loading ratio, and neither a kneeling (350 - 650C) your swaging (up to the processing ratio of 98%) produces a distinct effect.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=306
First Author: Scaramuzzi, F.
In the past 3 years many experiments have been performed in the field known with the conventional name of "cold fusion" (CF), and a number of theories have attempted to interpret them and to assess them in a coherent picture. Differently from other fields in science, this area has grown in a quite strange atmosphere: the most striking aspect of it is the anomalous "geography" of the activities, meaning by this term the different kind of development that research activities in this field have had in different countries.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=97
First Author: Seo, M.
1641. Sevilla, J., et al. Time-Evolution of Tritium Concentration in the Electrolyte of Prolonged Cold Fusion Experiments and its Relation to Ti Cathode Surface Treatment. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Sevilla, J.
Tritium concentration in the electrolyte has been carefully monitored in more than twenty electrolytic cold fusion experiments accomplished in open cells. In order to distinguish between T-natural enrichment (isotopic enrichment) and any other T source inside the cell a macroscopic theoretical model is proposed to analyze the experimental data. It is concluded that T-concentration variations in the electrolyte above the level due to natural enrichment can be detected with confidence and therefore that open-cell experiments are convenient to investigate T -production. In addition, some empirical correlations between model parameters (measured separation factors) and cathode surface treatments prior to experiment have been found.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=245
First Author: Shaheen, M.
1643. Shibata, T., et al., A low background neutron measuring system and its application to the detection of neutrons produced by the D2O electrolysis. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1992. 316: p. 337.
First Author: Shibata, T.
1644. Shirakawa, T., et al. Neutron Emission from Crushing Process of High Piezoelectric Matter in Deuterium Gas. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Shirakawa, T.
We studied neutron emission from a crushing process of a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) single crystal in deuterium gas atmosphere. We observed excess neutrons 3 counts / h with a confidence level of 99.95% that correspond 120 neutrons / h emission from process.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=207
First Author: Sioda, R. E.
1646. Smedley, S.I., et al. The January 2, 1992, Explosion in a Deuterium/Palladium Electrolytic System at SRI International. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Smedley, S. I.
This paper reviews the accident that occurred at SRI International on January 2, 1992. A plausible explanation for the cause of the accident is proposed, and recommendat ions are made pertaining to the safety of future experiments. These recommendations relate to the design of electrolysis experiments, and to the behavior of recombination catalysts, and may provide useful guidelines for other workers in the field.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=147
First Author: Soyfer, V. N.
1648. Srinivasan, M., et al. Tritium and Excess Heat Generation During Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Alkali Salts With Nickel Cathode. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Srinivasan, M.
A number of open cell electrolysis experiments of the Mills and Kneizys type using Nickel as cathode, Pt wire as anode and aqueous solutions of carbonates of Potassium, Sodium and Lithium (natural and enriched) as electrolyte have been carried out in three different laboratories at Trombay. The cells were fabricated out of commercial dewar vacuum flasks. The difference in temperature at equilibrium between the operating cells and that of an identical dummy reference flask was measured to deduce excess heat. The cells were calibrated using resistance heaters. In all, studies have been carried out so far in 29 electrolytic cells with various electrolytes. In some cases a mixture of H20 and D20 was used. The cells were operated for a few weeks at a time and excess heat up to a maximum of 70% appears to be present in most cells when the input joule power is upto a watt or two. The current density was less than 40 mA/cm^2.
Electrolyte samples before and after electrolysis were analysed for tritium content after microdistillation to eliminate chemiluminiscence effects. Samples from 18 out of 29 experiments analysed have indicated tritium levels varying in the region of 46 Bq/ml to 3390 Bq/ml. One cell with enriched Li2C03 solution in H20 which was monitored continuously for over a month indicated that tritium generation is continuous. Although the highest amount of tritium produced so far was with a K2C03 in 25% D20 cell, the generation of tritium in cells containing only H20 is a new finding.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=131
First Author: Stella, B.
FERMI is a 7 BF3, 2 3He apparatus with high detection efficiency for moderated neutrons, pulse shape acquisition and good sensitivity to neutron bursts; it also performs a good statistical reconstruction of the average neutron energy. Gamma rays are detected by a complementary low background NaI detector. The total neutron background measured by the apparatus in the Gran Sasso INFN underground laboratory amounts to 0.09 Hz.
A few different experiments have been performed with the same detector (see also the following contribution).
A D2O-LiOD electrolysis with Pd cathode have been realized with emphasis on the cleanliness of all components. D2 and O2 produce gases were recombined using a room temperature catalyzer and the resulting water was monitored twice a day for tritium content; the same was done for samples of the electrolytic solution.
Loading the Pd with variable currents, and a long patient of 130 μm (with much larger radial broadening) was observed in the first few days accompanied by a 60 - 100% tritium excess detected in the recombined water. The measured neutron rate in the same period was consistent with the background.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=241
First Author: Stella, B.
In order to study the effect of palladium in cold fusion, metallic deuterated Pd samples have been irradiated with partly moderated Am/Be neutrons and the resulting neutron intensity has been measured by the Fermi apparatus, an efficient and sophisticated detector for motivated neutrons.
Once subtracted from the vessel + (empty) Pd effect measured in "blank" runs, and excess of 13.0 0.6 neutrons per second (~4% of the total measured rate close percent has been detected. Assuming 2.45 MeV energy for the electrons emitted by the radiated sample, the resulting rate corresponds to several outgoing neutrons for every neutron impinging on the Pd-D sample. Similar measurements with cadmium absorber gave lower effects. We dont observe any effect with gaseous deuterium.
The underlying process can be interpreted as d-d fusion in a Pd-D lattice perturbed by neutrons. The excess, predominantly due to thermal incident neutrons, demonstrates that the palladium lattice strongly increases the probability for d-d fusion even almost at rest.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=176
First Author: Storms, E.
Two samples of Pd were obtained from Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K. K. (Japan). One sample gave 20% excess heat before the run was prematurely terminated and the other sample gave no excess heat. The sample giving excess energy contained only 0.8% excess volume while the nonproductive sample had 13.5 % excess volume.
The calorimeter is dosed in an energy sense, pressured with D2, and stirred. Calibration was done before, during and after heat measurement. Four different calibration procedures were used including a blank using a platinum cathode. Temperature gradients were monitored and found to change when excess heat was produced. This change strongly suggests that normal electrolysis releases energy mainly at the anode while excess heat is released mainly at the cathode. The bulk D/Pd ratio was measured during initial charging and was found to reach 0.82. Voltage difference between cathode and reference electrode was measured and indicates that the deuterium concentration gradient is small during initial charging at 0.02A/cm^2.
Excess volume in each palladium cathode was measured after each study. Heat production is proposed to be prevented if excess volume is too large.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=32
First Author: Sun, D. L.
1653. Swartz, M.R., Quasi-one-dimensional model of electrochemical loading of isotopic fuel into a metal. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 296.
First Author: Swartz, M. R.
1654. Szeflinski, Z., et al., Upper limit of neutron emission from the chemical reaction of LiD with heavy water. Phys. Lett. A, 1992. 168: p. 83.
First Author: Szeflinski, Z.
1655. Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and S.R. Scharber, Charging of the Pd/(n)H system: role of the interphase. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1992. 337: p. 147.
First Author: Szpak, S.
This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in:
Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research.
The dynamics of transport of electrochemically generated deuterium across the electrode/electrolyte interphase was examined by slow scan (10 mV s-1) voltammetry. The investigation covers the potential range -1.2 to +0.4 V measured vs. an Ag/AgCl reference. It was found that a coupled, twolayer model of the interphase describes the observed behavior as a function of scan rate and electrolyte composition. The effect of chemisorbing species, e.g. CN- ions, as well as reactive species, e.g. SC(NH_)2, on the transport across the interphase is also discussed. Results are contrasted with those obtained for light water.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSchargingof.pdf
First Author: Szpak, S.
This paper is available as a single file (here), and it is included in:
Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research.
Three methods of tritium data analysis are consideredcomparison between experimental and theoretical data, total mass balance and curve-fitting.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakScommentson.pdf
First Author: Takahashi, A.
1658. Takahashi, A., Cold fusion research: Recent progress. Kaku Yugo Kenkyu, 1992. 68(4): p. 360 (in Japanese).
First Author: Takahashi, A.
1659. Takahashi, A., et al., Excess heat and nuclear products by D2O/Pd electrolysis and multibody fusion. Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mater., 1992. 3: p. 221.
First Author: Takahashi, A.
An excess heat of 100 W/cc level, 1.7 times the input power in average, and 160 MJ in total was observed for about two months by the L-H mode pulse electrolysis of a D2O/Pd cell with plane-symmetric configuration of D-loading into the Pd cathode. Very weak neutron emission was detected to show an inversely proportional correlation to the excess heat variation. To explain the observed anomalous results including our past results, the theoretical model of competing multibody deuteron fusions in transient PdDx lattice has been extended. It can explain most experimental results. Cold fusion may be the multibody fusion of hydrogen isotopes in the metal lattice.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAexcessheat.pdf
First Author: Takahashi, A.
A Pd sheet cathode centered within a Pt-wired anode in D2O/LiOD electrolyte was used with the L-H mode pulse operation. Anomalously large excess heat (32 watts in average for 2 months, 100 - 130 watts at peaks and averaged output/input power ratio 1.7) was once observed, associated with very low neutron emission (~1 n/s). To investigate the reproducibility of this experiment, a second experiment with minor changes in cell design was undertaken for 4 months. We reproduced excess heat, however at much smaller levels (8 watts on average and 15 watts at peak), but with neutron emission rates that were twice as large as measured previously. Possible changes in the conditions of the two experiments are discussed; i.e., cell voltages and over-potentials, formation of thin MOS film on the Pd cathode surface and a mechanism enhancing the D/Pd ratio. Excess power density per cm^2 of cathode surface showed systematic change as a function of surface current density. This trend is consistent with results from many other authors.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/TakahashiAanomalouse.pdf
First Author: Tamaki, M.
A model of cold fusion was proposed. Electrotransport effect on deuterium in palladium was crystallographically examined and verified for the field formation of the condensed matter fusion. Electrotransported palladium hydride was analyzed by neutron radiographic technique. The effective number of the electric charge of hydrogen in PdH0.67 was evaluated to be +0.30 0.05.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=392
First Author: Tanaka, M.
1663. Tani, T. and Y. Kobayashi. Tunnel Disintegration and Neutron Emission Probability. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Tani, T.
It is shown that the main features of the so-called cold fusion, that is, poor reproducibility, high tin ratio and the energy spectrum of neutrons, can be explained by the "tunnel disintegration" of a deuterium and the subsequent "dipole disintegration" of a deuteron. Especially, the 2.45-MeV peak found in the energy spectrum, which has been considered to be owing to the d-d nuclear fusion, is explained by this mechanism, and therefore the observation of 2.45-MeV neutrons may not be a direct verification of the d-d nuclear fusion.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=325
First Author: Taniguchi, R.
Internal structures of charged particle bursts induced by the D2O electrolysis have been studied by use of a fast response measurement system. Charged particles were detected by a NE102a plastic scintillation counter. The electrolysis was continued at low temperature at 4C for 3 hours. After then, the cell was warmed up to several ten degrees of Celsius scale. During the warming-up, we caught some anomalous pulse emissions of charged particles. The pulse shapes of the bursts were found to be complicated and the duration of the bursts was distributed from 40 to 100 nanosecond . Comparison of these pulse shapes and standard response for a single particle suggests that the burst is a pile-up pulse and consists of many particles.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=257
First Author: Tian, Z. Q.
1666. Tsarev, V.A. Cold Fusion Researches in Russia. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
A review of cold fusion research in the former Soviet Union during the past year is presented.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=86
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
1668. Tsarev, V.A. and V.A. Chechin, On the nonstationary quantum-mechanical nature of anomalous nuclear effects in a solid. Kratk. Soobshch. Fiz., 1992. 9-10: p. 47 (in Russian).
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
1669. Tsarev, V.A. and D.H. Worledge, Cold fusion studies in the USSR. Fusion Technol., 1992. 22: p. 138.
First Author: Tsarev, V. A.
1670. Tsuchiya, K., K. Ohashi, and M. Fukuchi. Mechanism of Cold Fusion in Palladium. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Tsuchiya, K.
A new interpretation of cold nuclear fusion at the center of the boson cluster was given by R. T. Bush et al. The modified theory is given in this paper by adding the effect of screened d-d repulsion. Tunneling probability and power density of cold nuclear fusion in palladium are obtained, and the role of screening effect is found to be very important.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=368
First Author: Uchida, H.
This report demonstrates the occurrence of radioactive emissions detected by GM (Geiger Mueller) counter in the electrolytic deuteriding de-deutreriding reactions of Pd and Ti. For the Pd samples annealed or cold worked, the excess counts higher than BG (background levels = 32 2 cpm) by factors 1.5 to 2 in average were measured almost continuously and reproducibly during the pulses modulated electrolysis over 600 mA/cm^2. The excess counts were measured for a wild even after electrolysis. For the Ti samples annealed or cold worked, the burst-like GM counts over 200 cpm were often measured at low current densities below 10 mA/cm^2. The much higher burst-like GM counts over 1500 cpm were measured after electrolysis.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=277
First Author: Uhm, H. S.
1673. Vigier, J.P. New Hydrogen Energies in Specially Structured Dense Media: Capillary Chemistry and Capillary Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Vigier, J. P.
The analysis of presently observed facts suggests that excess heat (above breakeven) and con commitment cold fusion processes result from two different mechanisms which have a common origin in E. M. Current behavior in dense media (the Ampere forces). They both result from already known properties of nuclear forces and quantum mechanics.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=71
First Author: Vokhnik, O. M.
1675. Waber, J.T. Solid State Boson Condensation Model of Cold Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Waber, J. T.
This theoretical study is based on the second suggest ion of Leaf Turner which was independently developed by Chubb and Chubb. It lead to the selection rule, Bosons In, Bosons out, which helps to explain the low yield of tritons, protons, neutrons and 3He. The production of the boson 4He has now been correlated with simultaneous production of excess heat.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=362
First Author: Wan, C. M.
The annealed PD cathode, which was deuterium-loaded for 3500 min, showed anomalous heat generation. Anomalous heat absorption was regularly repeated from 4000th to 7500th min of deuterium loading in the same cell. The current density was 2700 mA/cm^2. Total heat production was 0.3 to 3.3 MJ. He production of PD per-unit volume was 3.2 to 35.2 kJ/mm^3. Total absorption was 22 kJ and absorption density was 217 J/mm^3 in a typical absorption.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=129
First Author: Wan, C. M.
Electrolysis of D2O with Pd rod was performed under static or dynamic charging condition. The current densities were increased in steps in a long duration of electrolysis. During static charging, the Pd electrode was removed from the cell and partially outgassed in air. Resumpt ion of the charging produced several repeated heat bursts. In the dynamic test, cyclic torsion was applied to the Pd electrode during the charging . No abnormal reaction was found during the torsion , but sometimes repeated occurrance of heat burst was observed after the cease of torsion. Possible causes for the heat bursts are proposed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=85
First Author: Wang, D. L.
The anomalous phenomenon in metal loaded with deuterium has been studied, using the electrolysis and the cycle method of temperature and pressure (CMPT). In this report, the experimental results are introduced, including the explosion occurred, and neutron and tritium measured in electrolysis experiment. The sensitization phenomenon of x-ray film was found in CMPT experiment. It is considered that the reason of sensitization is derived from the chemical reaction and the anomalous effect in metal loaded with deuterium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=175
First Author: Wasserman, A.
1680. Watanabe, K., et al. A Search for Fracture-Induced Nuclear Fusion in Some Deuterium-Loaded Materials. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Watanabe, K.
Attempts to detect neutron emission attributable to D-D nuclear fusion accompanying fracture of deuterium-loaded materials have been carried out using a ball mill specially designed for this purpose.
Chips of Ti, Ti-alloys, Y and YBa2Cu3O7-x, loaded with deuterium were crushed in the ball mill to about 10 μm in size it about 60 or 120 minutes, and neutrons were counted by an array of 4 ~ 12 3He detectors surrounding the ball mill. The signal-counting efficiency was 0.3 ~ 4%.
No positive signature has been obtained for the occurrence of fracture-induced fusion.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=211
First Author: Wilson, R. H.
1682. Yabuuchi, N. Quantum Mechanics on Cold Fusion. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Yabuuchi, N.
According to plasma thermonuclear fusion, the deutron collide with target deutron, needs high temperature thermal energy, because the deutron change thermal energy into movement energy.
But, nuclear fusion based on the characteristic of deutron as wave which does not need hightemperature thermal energy. because amplitude of wave cause the nuclear fusion easy. and the amplitude of wave field of deautrons resulting in tunneling effect. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=376
First Author: Yamada, H.
The fusion reproducibility in palladium (Pd) has been searched with the detection of excess and neutron for point-to-plane electrode configuration in deuterium (D2) and in hydrogen (H2) gas atmosphere using a Pd, nickel (Ni) and tungsten (W) point. Excess neutron counts were observed using D2 loaded Pd points under DC high voltage applications. To the contrary, no count except background was observed with other points under the similar test condition. The observed highest counting rate was 61 counts for 10 seconds from the Pd is equivalent to the neutron emission of ~ 110 ^5 n/(s*cm^3).
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=203
First Author: Yamaguchi, E.
Using our own "in vacuo" method with a heterostructure of deuterated Pd (Pd:D), we have succeeded in the first highly reproducible and "in situ" detection of 4He production. The real time observation has been performed by high-resolution quadrupole mass spectroscopy (0.001 amu at 4 amu). The amount of 4He gas produced was closely correlated with the evolution of excess heat, and it increased with the loading ratio of D to Pd. At the highest loading ratio of D to Pd, we have also observed T production by detecting HT. The amount of HT increased in the final stages of 4He production. The system of H-loaded Pd (Pd:H) heterostructure, on the other hand, produced neither 4He nor T. Furthermore, the energy spectrum of charged particles detected during these experiments has revealed that a particles with an energy of 4.5-6 Me V and protons with an energy of 3 Me V were emitted from the oxide surface of Pd. The amount, however, was extremely small in comparison with that of 4He detected. These results indicate that a new class of nuclear fusion occurs in the Pd:D and Pd:H systems.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdinter.pdf#page=185
First Author: Yang, J.
1686. Yasui, K. Fractofusion Mechanism. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Yasui, K.
The fractofusion mechanism of Cold Fusion is investigated theoretically. The conditions necessary for fractofusion are clarified. The origin and quantity of the electrical field inside cracks in the conductor are clarified also. The characteristics of Cold Fusion are explained by the mechanism. Almost all the total neutron yields experimentally observed are smaller than the upper limit predicted by the fractofusion mechanism. It indicates that they can be explained by the fractofusion mechanism.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=341
First Author: Yasui, K.
1688. Yuan, L.J., et al. Neutron Monitoring on Cold-Fusion Experiments. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Yuan, L. J.
A helium-three proportional detector was equipped with the experiment of Liaw-type of electrolytic cell contained eutectic LiCl-KCl molten salt saturated by LiD electrolytic to collect the information's of the rate and the energy distribution of possible neutron produced during the electrolysis process.
For a long time monitoring, the significant reproducible neutron bursts appeared at several runs of cells during electrolytic processing. The neutron counting rate increased about a factor of two above the level of the background measurement. The pulse height signals were verified of neutron energy ranging from thermal up to 350 keV.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=199
First Author: Zhang, Q. F.
The Ti- cathode has been examined after electrolysis with remarkable phenomenon of "excess heat" by SIMS. The special mass peak of 4 amu in SIMS spectra of Ti- cathode has been detected by a series of experiments. It's concluded that the mass peak of 4 amu is the mass peak of 4He in Ti-Cathode produced in cold fusion.
To avoid interference of Dz and HzD with 4He in SIMS spectra , the negative SIMS spectra are used in the detection of 4He.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=269
First Author: Zhang, W. X.
1691. Zhang, X., et al. On the Explosion in a Deuterium/Palladium Electrolytic System. in Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, "Frontiers of Cold Fusion". 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
First Author: Zhang, X.
An explosion in a D/Pd electrolytic system is analyzed; it is not a chemical explosion but a cold fusion reaction. A possible mechanism of cold fusion is presented.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ZhangXontheexplo.pdf
First Author: Zhang, Z.-L.
A new discipline known as solid-state theory of thermodynamics has been established in the period (1979-1991) by Shu-I Lui. . . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IkegamiHthirdintera.pdf#page=353
First Author: Zywocinski, A.
1694. Akita, H., et al. Electrolytic Hydrogen/Deuterium Absorption into Pd, Pd-Rh, and Pd-Ag Alloys in Fuel Cell Type Closed Cell. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Akita, H.
1695. Alguero, M., et al. On the Subsistence of Anomalous Nuclear Effects After Interrupting the Electrolysis in F-P Type Experiments with Deuterated Ti Cathodes. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Alguero, M.
1696. Antanasijevic, R.D., et al., Preliminary observations on possible implications of new Bohr orbits (resulting from electromagnetic spin-spin and spin-orbit coupling) in 'cold' quantum mechanical fusion processes appearing in strong 'plasma focus' and 'capillary fusion' experiments. Phys. Lett. A, 1993. 180: p. 25.
First Author: Antanasijevic, R. D.
1697. Antonov, V.E., et al., The Pd-Pt-H System: Phase Transformations at High Pressure and Superconductivity. Phys. Stat. Sol. A, 1993. 78: p. 137.
First Author: Antonov, V. E.
1698. Aoki, T., Y. Kurata, and H. Ebihara. Study of Concentrations of Helium and Tritium in Electrolytic Cells with Excess Heat Generations. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Aoki, T.
Concentrations of helium and tritium in gas and liquid phases in calorimetric cells with excess heat generations were measured. Values of factor F (nuclear ash) defined as ratio of amount of heat released by particular nuclear reactions to the excess heat, were calculated to be F(He in gas phase) ~ (416) x 10^-3 and F(T in liquid phase) ~ (86) x 10^-10, and upper limit of F(T in gas phase) ~ 1 x10^-6. These extremely small values suggested either that (1) the nuclear reactions might occur in deep inside of the Pd cathode, or (2) the major amount of the detected excess heat could not match with the heat expected from the nuclear reactions if the reactions occurred on the surface of Pd cathodes.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/AokiTstudyofcon.pdf
First Author: Arata, Y.
1700. Aspden, H., Refrigeration and electrical power generation. 1993: UK GB 2283361A.
First Author: Aspden, H.
1701. Azumi, K., et al., Acoustic emission from a palladium electrode during hydrogen charging and its release in a LiOH electrolyte. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1993. 347: p. 111.
First Author: Azumi, K.
1702. Baranov, D., et al. Experimental Testing of the Erzion Model by Reacting of Electron Flux on the Target. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Baranov, D.
1703. Baranov, D., et al. Investigation of the Erzion-Nuclear Transformation by Ion Beams. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Baranov, D.
1704. Bartolomeo, C., et al. Alfred Coehn and After: The Alpha, Beta and Gamma of the Palladium-Hydrogen System. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Bartolomeo, C.
1705. Bazhutov, Y., et al. Excess Heat Observation During Electrolysis of Cs2CO3 Solution in Light Water. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Bazhutov, Y.
1706. Bertalot, L., et al. Deuterium Charging in Palladium by Electrolysis of Heavy Water: Measurement of Lattice Parameter. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Bertalot, L.
1707. Bertalot, L., et al., Study of deuterium charging in palladium by the electrolysis of heavy water: heat excess production. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1993. 15 D: p. 1435.
First Author: Bertalot, L.
1708. Bittner, M., et al., Observation of d-d fusion neutrons during degassing of deuterium-loaded palladium. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 346.
First Author: Bittner, M.
1709. Boucher, G.R., F.E. Collins, and R.L. Matlock, Separation factors for hydrogen isotopes on palladium. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 200.
First Author: Boucher, G. R.
1710. Burke, L.D. and J.K. Casey, An examination of the electrochemical behavior of palladium electrodes in acid. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1993. 140(5): p. 1284.
First Author: Burke, L. D.
1711. Burke, L.D. and J.K. Casey, An examination of the electrochemical behavior of palladium in base. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1993. 140(5): p. 1292.
First Author: Burke, L. D.
1712. Bush, R.T., Is It Possible That Anomalies Associated with the Excess Heat Effect Were Observed in the 1950's?: The Transmission Resonance Model (TRM) Answers Affirmatively. 1993.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1713. Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton. Calorimetric Studies for Several Light Water Electrolytic Cells With Nickel Fibrex Cathodes and Electrolytes with Alkali Salts of Potassium, Rubidium, and Cesium. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1714. Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton. Evidence for Electrolytically Induced Transmutation and Radioactivity Correlated with Excess Heat in Electrolytic Cells With Light Water Rubidium Salt Electrolytes. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1715. Cecil, F.E., H. Liu, and J.S. Yan, Measurements of branching ratios of low energy deuteron-induced nuclear reactions on 2H, 6Li, and 10B. Phys. Rev. C: Nucl. Phys., 1993. 47: p. 1178.
First Author: Cecil, F. E.
1716. Celani, F., et al. High Power µs Pulsed Electrolysis for Large Deuterium Loading on Pd Plates. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Celani, F.
An high peak current (up to 100 A) and a very short pulse (1 microsecond) generator was used to perform electrolysis in D2O-LiOD solution using a Pd sheet as a cathode and a Pt net as an anode. This high power pulse (up to 50 KW) can be rated up to 20 KHz.
Very high D/Pd values (up to about 1:1) has been reached with any cold-worked Pd sheets used. A very hard sheet (about 300 Hv) has generated an excess heat of the order of 15% for a long time (some weeks).
Some considerations about the metallurgy of electrodes are performed and an effort is made to correlate the excess heat with metallurgical parameters, over-voltage and surface resistance.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/EPRIproceeding.pdf#page=497
First Author: Cerofolini, G. F.
1718. Cerofolini, G.F. and A.F. Para, Can binuclear atoms solve the cold fusion puzzle? Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 98.
First Author: Cerofolini, G. F.
1719. Chatterjee, L., S. Mandal, and A. Chakrabarty, Electron accumulation and reproducibility of cold fusion. Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys., 1993. 31: p. 131.
First Author: Chatterjee, L.
1720. Chen, X. and J. Yang, Studies on dineutron model of cold fusion (I). Hunan Shifan Daxue Ziran Kexue Xuebao, 1993. 16((1)): p. 42 (in Chinese, Eng. abstr).
First Author: Chen, X.
1721. Choi, E., H. Ejiri, and H. Ohsumi, Application of a Ge detector to search for fast neutrons from DD fusion in deuterized Pd. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1993. 32A: p. 3964.
First Author: Choi, E.
This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here.
The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
A low-background high-resolution Ge detector surrounded by neutron scatterers was applied to investigate fast neutrons from the electrochemically loaded Pd-D system. The neutron flux was obtained by measuring the yields of the γ-rays following inelastic scattering of the fast neutrons from nuclei in the scatterers. The detector was shown to be very sensitive in the search for rare neutron events such as d-d fusion at room temperature. The observed spectrum shows no statistically significant excess of the γ-rays above the background. The upper limit on the fusion rate was obtained as λf<1.610^-24(ddn)fusions/(dd)pair/s.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChoiEapplicatio.pdf
First Author: Chubb, S. R.
1723. Chukanov, K.B. New Pulsed Gas Loading Cold Fusion Technology. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Chukanov, K. B.
1724. Cravens, D. Factors Affecting Success Rate of Heat Generation in CF Cells. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Cravens, D.
Abstract
A series of low cost, low precision experiments were conducted to screen for factors which may affect the successful observation of heat from palladium/ heavy water electrolytic cells. Critical factors include the selection of the palladium and the experimental protocol during the initial loading to the beta phase. It was found that bubble patterns, volume expansion, and surface appearance can be used as early predictors of ultimate success. Since large scale defects are detrimental, methods of avoiding cracking are discussed. These include alloying, preparing a uniform surface, loading at a slow rate at low temperatures, delaying use of additives to the electrolyte, and uniform loading techniques. Methods of achieving the later and larger heat releases were found to include: rapid increase in the current density above a threshold value and raising the temperature. A reflux calorimeter design is presented that allows for continuous studies at boiling temperatures of the electrolyte. Unexpected and unexplained occurrences of heat bursts by magnetic fields and radio frequency fields are reported.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CravensDfactorsaff.pdf
First Author: Criddle, E. E.
1726. Das, D. and M.K.S. Ray, Fusion in condensed matter - a likely scenario. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 115.
First Author: Das, D.
1727. Dash, J., G. Noble, and D. Diman. Surface Morphology and Microcomposition of Palladium Cathodes After Electrolysis in Acified Light and Heavy Water: Correlation With Excess Heat. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Dash, J.
1728. Demidenko, V.S. and V.I. Simakov, The state of deuterium and probability of cold nuclear fusion in solids. Izv. Vysch. Uchebn. Zaved. Fiz., 1993. 36(10): p. 20 (in Russian).
First Author: Demidenko, V. S.
1729. Dillon, C.T. and B.J. Kennedy, The electrochemically formed palladium-deuterium system. I. Surface composition and morphology. Aust. J. Chem., 1993. 46: p. 663.
First Author: Dillon, C. T.
1730. Dillon, C.T., B.J. Kennedy, and M.M. Elcombe, The electrochemically formed palladium-deuterium system. II. In situ neutron diffraction studies. Aust. J. Chem., 1993. 46: p. 681.
First Author: Dillon, C. T.
1731. Ding, Y. and B.Y. Liaw. Electrochemical Characterization of Ni in Hydride-containing Molten Salts. in 9th International Conf. on Solid State Ionics. 1993. The Hague, The Netherlands.
First Author: Ding, Y.
1732. Dufour, J., Cold fusion by sparking in hydrogen isotopes. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 205.
First Author: Dufour, J.
1733. Dufour, J., J. Foos, and J.P. Millot. Cold Fusion by Sparking in Hydrogen Isotopes. Energy Balances and Search for Fusion By-products. A Strategy to Prove the Reality of Cold Fusion. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Dufour, J.
The idea of transmuting hydrogen isotopes into heavier species (helium), at room temperature, with the aid of palladium acting as a kind of catalyst can be traced back as early as 1926. In 1989, a rebirth was given to the concept. By electrolysing heavy water with a palladium cathode, Jones, Fleischmann and Pons claimed to obtain significant energy production, in excess of the electrical energy introduce into the apparatus to carry out the electrolysis. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/DufourJcoldfusiona.pdf
First Author: Enyo, M.
1735. Farrell, J.J., R.L. Mills, and W.R. Good, An Alternative Explanation of Extreme UltraViolet Emission From Dark Matter. 1993.
First Author: Farrell, J. J.
1736. Fedorovich, G.V., Nuclear fusion in crystal hydrides of light elements. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 442.
First Author: Fedorovich, G. V.
1737. Fedorovich, G.V., A possible way to nuclear fusion in solids. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 288.
First Author: Fedorovich, G. V.
1738. Fedorovich, G.V., Parametric excitation of crystalline structures as a possible cause of high-energy emissions. Tech. Phys., 1993. 38(10): p. 866.
First Author: Fedorovich, G. V.
1739. Fernandez, J.F., et al. Cubic-Tetragonal Phase Transition in TiDx (X> or = 1.7) and its Possible Relation to Cold Fusion Reactions. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Fernandez, J. F.
1740. Fleischmann, M. and S. Pons, Calorimetry of the Pd-D2O system: from simplicity via complications to simplicity. Phys. Lett. A, 1993. 176: p. 118.
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
1741. Fleischmann, M., et al. Calorimetry of the Pd-D2O System: The Search for Simplicity and Accuracy. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
Our search for high levels of the rates of excess enthalpy generation in the Pd-D2O and Pd-alloy-D2O systems has been based inter alia on the following preconditions and suppositions:
(i) that it is necessary to use materials which will withstand the high stresses induced by the experiments;
(ii) given that (i) is assured, that it is necessary to adopt particular experimental protocols to achieve excess enthalpy generation at elevated temperatures;
(iii) that the protocols (ii) should ensure a high D/Pd ratio under all conditions;
(iv) that the protocols (ii) and (iii) should allow one to take advantage of "positive feedback" in the systems;
(v) that the systems are sensitive to "hidden state variables;"
(vi) that the state variables need to be further generalised to take account of cross-terms and of gradients with position.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/EPRIproceeding.pdf#page=23
First Author: Fox, H.
1743. Fox, H., Comments on 'Experiments of one-point cold fusion'. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 347.
First Author: Fox, H.
1744. Frederico, T., et al., Microscopic calculation of the molecular-nuclear d+d-->3He+n or 3H+p reactions at close to zero energies. Braz. J. Phys., 1993. 23(1): p. 96.
First Author: Frederico, T.
1745. Fukai, Y., Computer Aided Innovation of New Materials II Some Unsolved Problems of Hydrogen in Metals, ed. M. Doyama, et al. 1993: Elsevier Sci. PubFukai, Y.
First Author: Fukai, Y.
1746. Fukai, Y., Present status on cold fusion. Nippon Butsuri Gakkaishi, 1993. 48(5): p. 354 (in Japanese).
First Author: Fukai, Y.
1747. Gammon, B.E., Cathode cooling by expansion of hydrogen in calorimetric tests for cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 342.
First Author: Gammon, B. E.
1748. Garwin, R.L., SRI Deuterated Metals Project. 1993, Thomas J. Watson Research Center: Yorktown Heights, NY.
First Author: Garwin, R. L.
1749. Gernert, N. and R.M. Shaubach, Nascent Hydrogen: An Energy Source. 1993, Department of the Air Force.
First Author: Gernert, N.
Anomalous heat was measured from a reaction of atomic hydrogen in contact with potassium carbonate on a nickel surface. The nickel surface consisted of 500 feet of 0.0625 inch diameter tubing wrapped in a coil. The coil was inserted into a pressure vessel containing a light water solution of potassium carbonate. The tubing and solution were heated to a steady state temperature of 249C using an FR heater. Hydrogen at 1100 psig was applied to the inside of the tubing. After the application of hydrogen, a 32C increase in temperature of the cell was measured which corresponds to 25 watts of heat. Heat production under these conditions is predicted by the theory of Mills where a new species of hydrogen is produced that has a lower energy state then normal hydrogen. ESCA analyses, done independently by Lehigh University, have found the predicted 55 eV signature of this new species of hydrogen. Work is continuing at Thermacore with internal funding to bring this technology to the marketplace.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/GernertNnascenthyd.pdf
First Author: Gluck, P.
1751. Gozzi, D., et al. Excess Heat and Nuclear Product Measurements in Cold Fusion Electrochemical Cells. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Gozzi, D.
We present the results of a new experiment with our multicell set-up implemented with mass spectrometric measurements of 4He and a highly improved neutron detector. The excess heat measured is in linea with the our previous results as well as with other laboratories while no neutrons, and a tritium excess lower than expected from power excess were found. 4He has been measured in the electrolysis gases and a tentative correlation of 4He with excess power is presented and discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/EPRIproceeding.pdf#page=59
First Author: Gozzi, D.
1753. Graneau, P. and N. Graneau, Ampere force calculation for filament fusion experiments. Phys. Lett. A, 1993. 174: p. 421.
First Author: Graneau, P.
1754. Griggs, J.L. A Brief Introduction to the Hydrosonic Pump and the Associated "Excess Energy" Phenomenon. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Griggs, J. L.
1755. Hagelstein, P.L., Summary of ICCF3 in Nagoya, Feb. 16, 1993. 1993.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
Abstract We review highlights of the international cold fusion conference that was held recently in Nagoya, Japan. Excess heat results in heavy water electrolysis experiments constitute the observations with the most important potential applications. Experiments in gas phase systems exhibit fast particle and gamma emission that make progress toward elucidating mechanisms. The evidence in support of a light water heat effect has improved.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Hagelsteinsummaryofi.pdf
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
1757. Hagelstein, P.L., Coherent and semicoherent neutron transfer reactions III: Phonon frequency shifts. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 353.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
1758. Hagelstein, P.L. and S. Kaushik. Neutron Transfer Reactions. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Ma: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
1759. Hale, G.M. and T.L. Talley. Deuteron-Induced Fusion in Various Environments. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Hale, G. M.
1760. Handel, P. Subtraction of a New Thermo-Electromechanical Effect from the Excess Heat, and the Emerging Avenues to Cold Fusion. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Handel, P.
1761. Hansen, W.N. and M.E. Melich. Pd/D Calorimetry- The Key to the F/P Effect and a Challenge to Science. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Hansen, W. N.
Abstract The main issue before this conference can be stated as a simple question: Question #1: Can large amounts of heat be generated at a significant rate by Pd/D interaction as announced by Fleischmann and Pons? By now there have been many experimental results claiming to answer "yes" and which force us to take that possibility very seriously. As used here the "large amounts" are much larger than can possibly be explained by chemistry or metallurgy as known today. Up to now the only practical way of answering this question is by Pd/D calorimetry. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/HansenWNpddcalorim.pdf
First Author: Hasegawa, N.
Measurements of electrolytic deuterium loading into Pd and Pd-Rh alloy cathodes and excess heat during electrolysis in 1M LiOD have been conducted simultaneously in closed cells with a fuel cell anode pressurized by deuterium gas. The excess heat up to 4-5W/Pd cc has been reproduced by using Pd rod cathodes from various sources. Excess heat increases with electrolysis current density higher than ca. 0.1-0.2 A/cm^2, cathode overvoltage and D/Pd higher than 0.80-0.84, but its dependence on D/Pd or D/M appears to be specific to each cathode material in the region of high cathode loading, where the current density or overvoltage appears to be a more important parameter to control the amount of excess heat than the cathode loading.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/HasegawaNobservatioa.pdf
First Author: He, J.
1764. He, J., et al., Study of anomalous nuclear fusion reaction by using HV pulse discharge. Chin. Phys. Lett., 1993. 10(11): p. 652.
First Author: He, J.
1765. Hodgkinson, N., Nuclear Confusion, in The Sunday Times (UK). 1993: LondonEditor.
First Author: Hodgkinson, N.
1766. Hodko, D. and J. Bockris, Possible excess tritium production on Pd codeposited with deuterium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1993. 353: p. 33.
First Author: Hodko, D.
1767. Hora, H., et al., Screening in cold fusion derived from D-D reactions. Phys. Lett. A, 1993. 175: p. 138.
First Author: Hora, H.
1768. Huang, G., et al. The Measurements and the Control of Loading Ratio of Deuterium in Palladium. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Huang, G.
1769. Huggins, R.A. Materials Aspects of the Electrochemical Insertion of Hydrogen and Deuterium into Mixed Conductors. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Huggins, R. A.
Abstract
A number of features of the presence of interstitial species in metals and alloys relevant to "solid state fusion" experiments are discussed. These include experimental evidence for very high virtual pressures under certain conditions, and the influence of promotors and surface blockers. Dislocation generation and motion can result from the large stresses accompanying composition gradients and phase transformations. Because of preferential segregation of interstitial species to dislocations, transport along dislocations can be much faster than through the bulk crystal, and dislocation motion can cause unusually rapid interstitial solute transport and both entry and emission from surfaces. Mechanical effects related to the presence of hydrogen often are sporadic and can have long delay times. It is possible that some of the same microstructural features and phenomena that are responsible for delayed mechanical behavior play an important role in the "solid state fusion" observations. Two dislocation mechanisms are presented that can produce transient local hyperloading.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/HugginsRAmaterialsa.pdf
First Author: Hugo, M.
1771. Huizenga, J.R., Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century. 1993, New York: Oxford University Press.
First Author: Huizenga, J. R.
1772. Ichimaru, S. Nuclear Fusion in Condensed Matter. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Ichimaru, S.
1773. Ichimaru, S., Nuclear fusion in dense plasmas. Rev. Mod. Phys., 1993. 65: p. 255.
First Author: Ichimaru, S.
1774. Iida, T., et al. Deuteron Fusion Experiments with Ti and Pd Foils Implanted with Deuteron Beams II. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Iida, T.
Deuteron implantation experiments on Ti and Pd foils have been made for the examination of the "cold" deuteron fusion reaction. In the center of a target chamber fitted to a 300 keV deuteron accelerator, a Ti or Pd foil sample was set to face toward 3 nsec pulsed deuteron beams collimated with a 3 mm diameter aperture. A Si-SSD was placed behind the foil to detect high energy charged particles emitted from the foil by the supposed deuteron fusion reactions.
In the 243 keV deuteron implantation experiments for 3-20 μm Ti and 5-22 μm Pd foils, unusual counts and peaks were measured in the energy region higher than the proton peak due to the well-known D-D reaction. And from the energy loss measurement with the screen foil in front of the Si-SSD, some of the unusual high energy peaks were found to be helium, though the original reactions are not identified. These helium peaks and unnatural counts are difficult to explain and might have something to do with the multibody fusion reactions proposed by A. Takahashi. More elaborate experiments with more detailed measurement such as correlated particle measurement should be necessary for confirmation of the multibody fusion reaction.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IidaTdeuteronfua.pdf
First Author: Ikegami, H.
1776. Iwamura, Y., T. Itoh, and I. Toyoda. Observation of Anomalous Nuclear Effects in D2-Pd System. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Iwamura, Y.
1777. Jiang, S., G. Yang, and S. Wang, Coulomb screening effect of deuterium-ion in metal - numerical solution of nonlinear Poisson equation. Lanzhou Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban [J. Lanzhou Univ. (Nat. Sci), 1993. 29(2): p. 70 (In Chinese).
First Author: Jiang, S.
1778. Jin, S., F. Zhan, and Y. Liu. Deuterium Absorbability and Anomalous Nuclear Effect of YBCO High Temperature Superconductor. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Jin, S.
1779. Jones, S.E., et al. Search for Neutron, Gamma, and X-ray Emissions from Pd/LiOD Electrolytic Cells: A Null Result. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
1780. Kaliev, K., et al. The Initiation of Reproductive Nuclear Reactions in the Structures of the Oxide Tungsten Bronze. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Kaliev, K.
1781. Kaliev, K.A., et al., Reproducible nuclear reactions during interaction of deuterium with oxide tungsten bronze. Phys. Lett. A, 1993. 172: p. 199.
First Author: Kaliev, K. A.
1782. Kaliev, K.A., et al., Reproducible nuclear reactions by interaction of deuterium with tungsten oxide bronze. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1993. 330(2): p. 214 (in Russian).
First Author: Kaliev, K. A.
1783. Kalinin, V.B., On the question of the possibility of cold nuclear fusion at the point of ferroelectric phase transition in K2DPO4. Neorg. Mater., 1993. 29(5): p. 656 (in Russian).
First Author: Kalinin, V. B.
1784. Keesing, R.G. and A.J. Gadd, Thermoelectric heat pumping and the 'cold fusion' effect". J. Phys.: Condens. Mater., 1993. 5: p. L537.
First Author: Keesing, R. G.
1785. Kennel, E. and A.G. Kalandarachvili. Investigation of Deuterium Glow Discharge of the Kucherov Type. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Kennel, E.
1786. Kim, Y.E. and A.L. Zubarev, Coulomb Barrier Transmission Resonance for Astrophysical Problems. Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 1993. 7: p. 1627.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1787. Kobayashi, M., Present of 'cold fusion'. Kagaku Kogaku, 1993. 57(10): p. 715 (in Japanese).
First Author: Kobayashi, M.
1788. Komaki, H. An Approach to the Probable Mechanism of the Non-Radioactive Biological Cold Fusion or So-Called Kervran Effect (Part 2). in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Komaki, H.
1789. Krakowski, R.A., et al., Lessons Learned from the Tokamak Advanced Reactor Innovation and Evaluation Study (ARIES). 1993, Los Alamos National Laboratory.
First Author: Krakowski, R. A.
This paper is about plasma fusion, not cold fusion. We uploaded it here because it is difficult to find.
Abstract:
Lessons from the four-year ARIES (Advanced Reactor Innovation and Evaluation Study) investigation of four commercial magnetic-fusion-energy (MFE) power-plant embodiments of the tokamak are summarized. These lessons are derived from the physics; engineering and technology; economics; and environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) characteristics of these conceptual tokamak power-plant designs. This summary of ARIES lessons is intended to provide a general indicator of the requirements of economically and environmentally attractive fusion power. The integration of fundamental tokamak physics with conceptual engineering models through a cost-based systems methodology has been especially thorough in ARIES. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KrakowskiRlessonslea.pdf
First Author: Lewis, F. A.
1791. Li, X.Z., et al., Anomalous nuclear phenomena and solid state nuclear track detector. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., 1993. 22: p. 599.
First Author: Li, X. Z.
1792. Liaw, B.Y. and Y. Ding. Charging Hydrogen into Ni in Hydride-containing Molten Salts. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Liaw, B. Y.
1793. Liaw, B.Y. and Q.H. Gao. Thin Film Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia. in 9th International Conf. on Solid State Ionics. 1993. The Hague, The Netherlands.
First Author: Liaw, B. Y.
1794. Liaw, B.Y., P.L. Tao, and B.E. Liebert, Helium analysis of palladium electrodes after molten salt electrolysis. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 92.
First Author: Liaw, B. Y.
1795. Liboff, R.L., Feasibility of fusion of an aggregate of deuterons in the ground state. Phys. Lett., 1993. 174 A: p. 317.
First Author: Liboff, R. L.
1796. Lihn, C.J., et al., The influence of deposits on palladium cathodes in D2O electrolysis. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 324.
First Author: Lihn, C. J.
1797. Lipson, A.G., et al., Is 'cold nuclear fusion' necessary to understand the anomalous thermal effects in the Pd-D(H) system? Phys. Dokl., 1993. 38: p. 286.
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1798. Lipson, A.G., et al., The generation of nuclear fusion products by a combination of cavitation action and electrolysis at the titanioum surface in deuterated electrolyte. Zh. Tekh. Fiz., 1993. 63(7): p. 187 (in Russian).
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1799. Lipson, A.G., et al., Possibilities for increasing the neutron emission in KD2PO4 crystals at the phase transition through the Curie point. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1993. 19(11): p. 729.
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1800. Lipson, A.G., et al., Cold nuclear fusion induced in KD2PO4 single crystals by a ferroelectric phase transition. JETP, 1993. 76(6): p. 1070.
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1801. Long, H., et al. New Experimental Results of Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium/Metal Systems. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Long, H.
1802. Lyakhov, B.F., et al., Anomalous heat release in the Pd/PdO system electrolytically saturated with hydrogen. Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 1993. 67: p. 491.
First Author: Lyakhov, B. F.
1803. Ma, Q., et al. The Analysis of the Neutron Emission from the Glow Discharge in Deuterium Gas Tube. in ICCF4, Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Ma, Q.
1804. Ma, Q., et al. The Analysis of the Neutron Emission from the Glow Discharge in Deuterium Gas Tube. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Ma, Q.
1805. Ma, Y.L., H.X. Yang, and X.X. Dai, Nuclear-fusion enhancement in condensed matter with impacting and screening. Europhys. Lett., 1993. 24: p. 305.
First Author: Ma, Y. L.
1806. Maly, J.A. and J. Vavra, Electron transitions on deep Dirac levels I. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 307.
First Author: Maly, J. A.
1807. Marcus, M., Cold fusion research is alive and well - but not in the mass media. St. Louis Journalism Rev., 1993. 22(153): p. 16.
First Author: Marcus, M.
1808. Matsui, K. New Hydrogen Energy (NHE) Research Project in Japan. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Matsui, K.
1809. Matsumoto, T. Cold Fusion Experiments by Using Electrical Discharge in Water. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1810. Matsumoto, T., Observation of meshlike traces on nuclear emulsions during cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 103.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1811. Matsumoto, T., Cold fusion experiments with ordinary water and thin nickel foil. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 296.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1812. Matsumoto, T., Experiments of one-point cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 332.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1813. Matsumoto, T., Response to 'Comments on 'Experiments of one-point cold fusion''. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 347.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
1814. Mayer, R.E., et al., Neutron detection system for extremely low count rate. Calculation, construction and employment in search for 'cold fusion'. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A, 1993. 324: p. 501.
First Author: Mayer, R. E.
1815. McKubre, M.C.H., et al. Loading, Calorimeteric and Nuclear Investigation of the D/Pd System. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: McKubre, M. C. H.
1816. Melich, M.E. and W.N. Hansen. Back to the Future, The Fleischmann-Pons Effect in 1994. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Melich, M. E.
Abstract From its initial public announcement on 23 March 1989, the Fleischmann-Pons Effect (FPE) has been attributed to: nuclear fusion nuclear fission exotic chemistry some previously unidentified law of nature instrumental error.
Highly public as well as private efforts were made in 1989 to decide if an FPE existed and if so, what caused it. This paper reevaluates some of the factual bases for the scientific and management judgments of 1989 with the advantage of what has been learned after four years of worldwide experimentation and analysis. We conclude that there is an FPE and its signature is heat. Data existed in 1989 that could have lead to this conclusion. The source of the excess heat is still not understood. Scientific progress was not made through this debate, which was largely uninformed by appropriate experimentation, and patent considerations may have played a determining role in the scientific progress associated with the FPE.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MelichMEbacktothef.pdf
First Author: Mengoli, G.
1818. Miles, M., Letter to Steven E. Jones. 1993.
First Author: Miles, M.
1819. Miles, M. and B.F. Bush. Heat and Helium Measurements in Deuterated Palladium. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Miles, M.
1820. Miles, M., et al., Correlation of excess power and helium production during D2O and H2O electrolysis using palladium cathodes. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1993. 346: p. 99.
First Author: Miles, M.
A critical issue in determining whether or not the anomalous effects that occur during D2O electrolysis are of nuclear origin is the measurement of nuclear products in amounts sufficient to explain the rate of excess enthalpy generation. Calorimetric evidence of excess power up to 27% was measured during the electrolysis of heavy water using palladium cathodes. Maximum excess power was 0.52 W (1.5 W/cm^3) at 250 mA/cm^2. Eight electrolysis gas samples collected during episodes of excess power production in two identical cells and analysed by mass spectrometry showed the presence of 4He. Furthermore, the amount of helium detected correlated qualitatively with the amount of excess power and was within an order of magnitude of the theoretical estimate of helium production based upon fusion of deuterium to form 4He. Any production of 3He or neutrons in these experiments was below our detection limits. However, the exposure of dental X-ray films placed outside the cells suggests the emission of radiation. Control experiments performed in exactly the same way but using H2O + LiOH in place of D2O + LiOD gave no evidence of helium, excess power or radiation.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MilesMcorrelatio.pdf
First Author: Miley, G. H.
1822. Miyamaru, H., et al. Search for Nuclear Products of Cold Fusion. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Miyamaru, H.
1823. Miyamoto, S., et al. Movement of Li During Electrolysis of 0.1M-LiOD/D2O Solution. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Miyamoto, S.
1824. Mizuno, T., et al. Anomalous Heat Evolution from SrCeO3-Type Proton Conductors during Absorption/Desorption in Alternate Electric Field. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Mizuno, T.
1825. Moon, D., A Cold Fusion Theory. 1993.
First Author: Moon, D.
1826. Nezu, S. and T. Sano. Measurement of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Electrodes Cathodically Polarized in Aqueous Solutions. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Nezu, S.
1827. Noninski, V.C. and C.I. Noninski, Notes on two papers claiming no evidence for the existence of excess energy during the electrolysis of 0.1M LiOD/D2O with palladium cathodes. Fusion Technol., 1993. 23: p. 474.
First Author: Noninski, V. C.
A problem popularly known as "cold fusion" was brought, although in an unusual way, to the attention of the scientific community. Although much discussion was (and is still) devoted to whether this effect is connected with any known nuclear reactions, the latter being widely questioned, there is no doubt that the general interest in the problem was provoked by the claim of the possibility of producing excess energy, i.e., energy surmounting the energy breakeven value. Unlike the clearly negative indications so far in terms of known nuclear processes taking place, however, careful analysis reveals that the claims in the principal negative papers published so far with respect to the existence of excess energy are in disagreement with the raw experimental data whenever such is presented in those papers. This is very surprising indeed in view of the wide publicity these negative results have been given. An example of an improper analysis of their own experimental data by the authors is Ref. 1, which we have already discussed. Other examples of inappropriate method and improper interpretation of their own experimental data are Refs. 3 and 4.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/NoninskiVCnotesontwo.pdf
First Author: Notoya, R.
1829. Notoya, R., Cold fusion by electrolysis in a light water-potassium carbonate solution with a nickel electrode. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 202.
First Author: Notoya, R.
1830. Notoya, R., Current status of cold fusion research. Genshiryoku Kogyo, 1993. 39(9): p. 34 (in Japanese).
First Author: Notoya, R.
1831. Ohmori, T. and M. Enyo, Excess heat evolution during electrolysis of H2O with nickel, gold, silver, and tin cathodes. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 293.
First Author: Ohmori, T.
1832. Okabe, S., Some new scientific fields related to exoelectron emission and fracto-emission. Poverkhnost, 1993(7): p. 34.
First Author: Okabe, S.
1833. Okamoto, H. and S. Nezu. Measurements of Hydrogen Loading Ratio of Pd Anodes Polarized in LiH-LiCl-KCl Molten Salt Systems. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Okamoto, H.
1834. Okamoto, M., et al. Behavior of Key Elements in Pd for the Solid State Nuclear Phenomena Occurred in Heavy Water Electrolysis. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Okamoto, M.
1835. Okamoto, M., et al. Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Okamoto, M.
1836. Oriani, R.A. The Physical and Metallurgical Aspects of Hydrogen in Metals. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Oriani, R. A.
Abstract To attempt to optimize the anomalous phenomena that today go under the label "cold fusion" the experimentalist should be aware of the many aspects of the behavior of hydrogen in metals and of its entry into and egress from metals. This paper discusses the equilibrium characteristics of the isotopes of hydrogen in metals. The first section discusses the thermodynamics of the terminal solutions of metal-hydrogen systems including the enthalpies of solutions, H-H interactions, effect of third elements, distribution of isotopes between the phases, site occupation, and the molar volume of hydrogen in metallic solutions.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAthephysica.pdf
First Author: Oriani, R. A.
Translated by W.-S. Zhang.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAthephysicaa.pdf
First Author: Ota, K.
1839. Ota, K., et al. Heat Measurement of Water Electrolysis Using Pd Cathode and the Electrochemistry. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Ota, K.
1840. Park, A.E., Some thoughts on a simple mechanism for the 2H + 2H --> 4He cold fusion reaction. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 319.
First Author: Park, A. E.
1841. Pokropivnii, V.V., Bineutron theory of cold nuclear fusion. Dokl. Akad. Nauk Ukr., 1993(4): p. 86 (in Russian).
First Author: Pokropivnii, V. V.
1842. Pons, S. and M. Fleischmann. Heat After Death. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Pons, S.
Abstract We have described elsewhere . . . that Pd and Pd-alloy electrodes cathodically polarised in D2O solutions under extreme conditions can drive the calorimetric cells to the boiling point. We have then adopted the procedure of allowing the cells to boil to dryness. For these conditions the galvanostats are driven to the rail voltage (100 V) but the cell current is reduced to zero. We have then found that cells which contained D2O frequently remain at high temperatures (in the vicinity of 100C) before cooling rapidly to the bath temperature. Cells containing H2O can also be driven to the boiling point but such cells cool immediately on terminating the experiments. This phenomenon has become known as "Heat after Death" (the death referring to cessation of polarisation). Calibrations of the cells for such conditions show the generation of high levels of enthalpy at zero enthalpy input. Methods of investigating such systems will be outlined.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSheatafterd.pdf
First Author: Preparata, G.
1844. Preparata, G. Comments on the Criticisms of M. Rabinowitz. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Preparata, G.
1845. Price, P.B., Advances in solid state nuclear track detectors. Nucl. Tracks Radiat. Meas., 1993. 22(1-4): p. 9.
First Author: Price, P. B.
1846. Quickenden, T.I. and T.A. Green, A calorimetric study of the electrolysis of D2O and H2O at palladium cathodes. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1993. 344: p. 167.
First Author: Quickenden, T. I.
1847. Rabinowitz, M. Response to G. Preparata. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Rabinowitz, M.
1848. Rabinowitz, M., Phenomenological Theory for Short Coherence Length Superconductivity. Chem. Phys. Lett., 1993. 216: p. 571.
First Author: Rabinowitz, M.
1849. Rabinowitz, M., Do the Laws of Nature and Physics Agree On What is Allowed and Forbidden? 21st Century Sci. & Technol., 1993. Spring.
First Author: Rabinowitz, M.
1850. Rabinowitz, M., et al. Opposition and Support for Cold Fusion. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Rabinowitz, M.
1851. Ramamurthy, H., et al. Further Studies on Excess Heat Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Ramamurthy, H.
1852. Ransford, H.E. and S.J. Pike. Apparatus for Safely ExtendingCold Fusion Investigations to High Temperature, Pressure and Input Power Regimes. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Ransford, H. E.
1853. Romodanov, V.A., et al. Reproducibility of Tritium Generation From Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Matter. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Romodanov, V. A.
1854. Romodanov, V.A., et al. Concept of Target Material Choice for Nuclear Reactions in Condensed Media. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Romodanov, V. A.
1855. Rout, R.K., et al., Update on observation of low-energy emissions from deuterated and hydrated palladium. Indian J. Technol., 1993. 31: p. 551.
First Author: Rout, R. K.
1856. Russell, J.L., On the nature of the cold fusion process. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 1993. 20: p. 227.
First Author: Russell, J. L.
1857. Sakamoto, S. Observations of Cold Fusion Neutrons from Condensed Matter. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Sakamoto, S.
1858. Samgin, A.L., et al. The Influence of Conductivity on Neutron Generation Process in Proton Conducting Solid Electrolytes. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Samgin, A. L.
1859. Sankaranarayanan, M., et al. Investigation of Low Level Tritium Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Sankaranarayanan, M.
1860. Sankaranarayanan, M., et al. Investigation of Low Level Tritium Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells. in ICCF4, Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Sankaranarayanan, M.
1861. Savvatimova, I., Y. Kucherov, and A.B. Karabut. Cathode Material Change after Deuterium Glow Discharge Experiments. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Savvatimova, I.
The results of impurity concentration measurements in a palladium cathode by different methods before and after deuterium glow discharge experiments are presented. The concentration of some impurities increases up to 104 times. Elements appear which cannot be found in the discharge environment. Autoradiography of cathode samples shows that isotopes with different radiation energy (less than 20 keV and more 100 keV) exist in the cathode after experiment. The obtained results cannot be explained by the existence of a conventional fusion reaction, but may be explained by a more complex fusion-fission reaction.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Savvatimovcathodemat.pdf
First Author: Scaramuzzi, F.
1863. Schwinger, J. Cold Fusion, A Brief History of Mine. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Schwinger, J.
As Polonius might have said: "Neither a true-believer nor a disbeliever be." From the very beginning in a radio broadcast on the evening of March 23, 1989, I have asked myselfnot whether Pons and Fleischmann are rightbut whether a mechanism can be identified that will produce nuclear energy by manipulations at the atomic-the chemical-level. Of course, the acceptance of that interpretation of their data is needed as a working hypothesis, in order to have quantitative tests of proposed mechanisms.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SchwingerJcoldfusionb.pdf
First Author: Shirakawa, T.
1865. Shirakawa, T., et al. Particle Acceleration and Neutron Emission in a Fracture Process of a Piezoelectric Material. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Shirakawa, T.
1866. Silver, D.S., J. Dash, and P.S. Keefe, Surface topography of a palladium cathode after electrolysis in heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1993. 24: p. 423.
First Author: Silver, D. S.
1867. Storms, E. The Status of "Cold Fusion". in 28th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 1993. Atlanta, GA.
First Author: Storms, E.
1868. Storms, E. Some Characteristics of Heat Production Using the "Cold Fusion" Effect. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Storms, E.
Additional evidence is presented to show that heat production resulting from the Pons-Fleischmann Effect has a positive temperature coefficient, has a critical onset current density, and originates at the palladium cathode.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEsomecharac.pdf
First Author: Storms, E.
Two pieces of palladium sheet similar to that used by Takahashi were loaded with deuterium in a Pons-Fleischmann-type electrolytic cell, and heat production was measured. One sheet produced a steady increase in excess power that reached 7.5 W (20% of input power) before the study was interrupted. A second similar sheet from a different batch of palladium did not produce any measurable excess power. There were differences in the loading behavior, the maximum stoichiometry, and the presence of excess volume in the deuteride made from these materials. The first sheet contained 0.8% excess volume after having been deloaded from its maximum deuterium/palladium (D/Pd) ratio of 0.82 to 0.73, and the second sheet contained 13.5% excess volume while at its maximum ratio of 0.75. The high excess volume in the latter case is an indication of internal escape paths that reduce the required high D/Pd ratio.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/StormsEmeasuremena.pdf
First Author: Stroka, A.
1871. Stukan, P.A., Y.M. Rumyantsev, and A.V. Shishkov, Generation of hard radiation and accumulation of tritium during electrolysis of heavy water. High Energy Chem., 1993. 27: p. 461.
First Author: Stukan, P. A.
1872. Sun, D.L., et al., An explanation for the abnormal temperature rise of palladium cathode during electrochemical deuterium charging. Science in China A, 1993. 36: p. 1501.
First Author: Sun, D. L.
1873. Swartz, M.R. A Method to Improve Algorithms Used to Detect Steady State Excess Enthalpy. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Swartz, M. R.
1874. Swartz, M.R. Some Lessons From Optical Examination of the PFC Phase-II Calorimetric Curves. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Swartz, M. R.
1875. Takahashi, A., Cold fusion research: present status. Koon Gakkaishi, 1993. 19(5): p. 179 (in Japanese).
First Author: Takahashi, A.
1876. Takahashi, A., Production of neutron, tritium and excess heat. Oyo Butsuri, 1993. 62: p. 707 (In Japanese).
First Author: Takahashi, A.
1877. Taniguchi, R. Characteristic Peak Structures on Charged Particle Spectra During Electrolysis Experiment. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Taniguchi, R.
1878. Taubes, G., Bad science. The short life and weird times of cold fusion. 1993, NY: Random House.
First Author: Taubes, G.
1879. Taylor, S.F., et al. Search for Neutrons from Deuterated Palladium Subject to High Electric Currents. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Taylor, S. F.
1880. Thompkins, P. and C. Byrd, The Secret Life of Plants. 1993, New York: Penguin Books.
First Author: Thompkins, P.
1881. Thompson, D.T., Further Evidence for Cold Fusion, A Report on the Third International Conference. Platinum Met. Rev., 1993. 37(1): p. 14.
First Author: Thompson, D. T.
1882. Tisenko, Y.A., Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. I. Sov. Phys. J., 1993. 36: p. 764.
First Author: Tisenko, Yu. A.
1883. Tisenko, Y.A., Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. II. Sov. Phys. J., 1993. 36: p. 769.
First Author: Tisenko, Yu. A.
1884. Tsvetkov, S.A., et al., Molecular-dynamics calculation of phase transitions in the Pd-D system and cold nuclear fusion. Phys. Metals Metallogr., 1993. 76: p. 399.
First Author: Tsvetkov, S. A.
1885. Tuggle, D.G., T.N. Claytor, and S.F. Taylor. Tritium Evolution from Various Morphologies of Palladium. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Tuggle, D. G.
1886. Uchikawa, H., T. Okazaki, and K. Sato, New Technique of Activating Palladium Surface for Absorption of Hydrogen or Deuterium. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. A, 1993. 32: p. 5095.
First Author: Uchikawa, H.
This paper can be downloaded at the web site of the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics. Until January 2004, anyone could register and download papers there at no cost. The journal is now charging for reprints. We hope to make reprints of this and other cold fusion related papers available here. The title, abstract and keywords for this paper are available at in this library. The abstract begins:
Activation is carried out by heating a Pd specimen at about 600 C for several minutes in air. The activated surface is blue, and it is bleached when immersed hi hydrogen gas. The blue film is identified as PdO, and the bleached surface consists of nanocrystallites of metallic Pd, as proved by electron diffraction. An activated Pd plate 0.7 mm in thickness is capable of absorbing, in 1 h, about 70 at% of H or D, the saturation value, in hydrogen gas of 1 atm at room temperature. The atomic ratio of H absorbed in Pd has been estimated to be about 70% when Pd metal is in equilibrium with hydrogen gas of 1 atm at 25C. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/UchikawaHnewtechniq.pdf
First Author: Vaidya, S. N.
1888. Vysotskii, V. and R. Kuz'min. On Possibility of Non-Barrier DD-Fusion in Volume of Boiling D2O During Electrolysis. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Vysotskii, V.
1889. Waisman, J.L. and N.J. Kertamus. Excess Heat; The Microprinciples. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Waisman, J. L.
1890. Wang, D., et al., Neutrons, gamma-rays and x-rays in a gas discharge. Yuanzi Yu Fenzi Wuli Xuebao, 1993. 10(3): p. 2789 (in Chinese).
First Author: Wang, D.
1891. Wang, X., et al. A New Device for measuring Neutron Bursts in Cold Fusion Experiments. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Wang, X.
1892. Will, F.G., K. Cedzynska, and D.C. Linton. Tritium Generation in Palladium Cathodes With High Deuterium Loading. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Will, F. G.
Tritium up to fifty times background has been observed upon electrolyzing 1N D2 SO4 in four out of four cells when using Pd cathodes "of a certain type". No tritium was detected in four control cells, containing H2S04 in H2O, employing Pd cathodes cut from the same wire spool. Tritium amounts were from 7 x 10^10 to 2.1 10^11 atoms, corresponding to average generation rates from 5.1 10^4 to 2 10^5 atoms/sec/cm^2. In all cases, D/Pd and H/Pd loadings of 1 0.05 were attained. A cyclic loading/unloading regime rather than the usual continuous constant current regime was applied to attain these high loadings. Tritium analysis was performed in Pd, electrolyte and the gas head space of the sealed cells. Maximum tritium concentrations of 8.9 10^10 atoms/g Pd, 180 times the detection limit, were found in the D-loaded Pd cathodes, none in the Η-loaded Pd, Also, no tritium within detection limit was found in 150 unused Pd pieces. Of these, 13 were cut randomly from the same wire spool as the four D-loaded Pd cathodes. The probability that the tritium in the latter was due to random spot contamination is computed as 1 in 2,380. It is concluded that the tritium was generated by nuclear reactions in the Pd. However, no tritium was detected in four D-loaded Pd cathodes of a different type in spite of attaining loadings D/Pd = 1. Different metallurgical history and impurity contents may play an important role.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WillFGtritiumgen.pdf
First Author: Will, F. G.
Reproducible tritium generation well above background has been observed in tightly closed D2SO4-containing cells in four out of four Pd wire cathodes of one type. Tritium analysis was performed before and after each experiment on the Pd, the electrolyte and the gas in the head space. No tritium generation was observed in four identical Pd cathodes in H2SO4 cells operated at the same time under the same conditions. A cyclic loading-unloading regime with low current densities, rather than the usual continuous constant current regime, was employed to attain D/Pd and H/Pd loadings of 1 0.05 reproducibly. D/Pd loadings greater than 0.8 0.05 appear to be necessary to generate tritium. The largest amount of tritium, generated in 7 days of continuous electrolysis, was 2.1 x 10E11 tritium atoms, compared with a background of 4 x 10E9 tritium atoms. The concentration of tritium and its axial distribution in the Pd were determined and concentrations of up to 9 x 10E10 atoms/g Pd were found compared with a maximum background of 5 x 10E8 atoms g-1. The T/D ratio in the Pd is about 100 times larger than in the electrolyte or gas and indicates that tritium generation occurs in the Pd interior rather than at its surface. No tritium generation was observed in two other types of Pd electrodes in D2SO4, despite the attainment of D/Pd ratios near 1:1. Thus high D/Pd ratios appear to be a necessary but not sufficient condition for tritium generation in D2SO4 electrolysis.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/WillFGreproducib.pdf
First Author: Wolf, K. L.
1895. Yamaguchi, E. and T. Nishioka, Helium-4 production and its correlation with heat evolution. Oyo Butsuri, 1993. 62(7): p. 712 (in Japanese).
First Author: Yamaguchi, E.
1896. Yamaguchi, E. and T. Nishioka, Helium-4 production from deuterated palladium. Kaku Yugo Kenkyu, 1993. 69(7): p. 743 (in Japanese).
First Author: Yamaguchi, E.
1897. Zhang, F.X. and S.X. Jin, Effect of electron screening and ionic correlation on the fusion rate of deuterium in Pd/D system. Chin. Sci. Bull., 1993. 38(9): p. 718.
First Author: Zhang, F. X.
1898. Zhang, Q.Q., et al. The Excess Heat Experiments on Cold Fusion in a Titanium Lattice. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Zhang, Q. Q.
1899. Zhong, L.X. Searching for Truth With High Expectations- 5 Year Studies on Cold Fusion in China. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1993. Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Zhong, L. X.
1900. Zhu, S., et al., An investigation of cold fusion. Nucl. Techniques (China), 1993. 16(8): p. 475 (in Chinese).
First Author: Zhu, S.
1901. ABC, "Good Morning America". 1994.
First Author: ABC
1902. Afanaseyev, V.P., et al. On the Possibility of D-D Fusion Stimulation by High-Current Arc Discharge in Gas-Filled Metal. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Afanaseyev, V. P.
1903. Andresen, B.D., et al., Potentially explosive organic reaction mechanisms in Pd/D2O electrochemical cells. Chem. Health Safety, 1994. 1: p. 44.
First Author: Andresen, B. D.
1904. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, A new energy generated in DS-cathode with 'Pd-black'. Koon Gakkaishi, 1994. 20(4): p. 148 (in Japanese).
First Author: Arata, Y.
Abstract: It was verified that a new kind of energy is caused by "Spillover-Deuterium" generated in a double structure (DS)-cathode with "Pd-black". Using this cathode, the authors confirmed the sustained production of a significantly abnormal amount of energy over a period of several months that could not be ascribed to chemical reaction energy. The chemical reaction energy of 0.1 [mol] Pd-black used is only 4[kJ], but more than 200[MJ] of excess energy was continuously produced for over 3000 [hr] at an average rate of 50-100 [kJ/hr] using a DS-cathode with a same quantity of Pd-black. Intermittent operation over a period of two years using this structure proved the complete reproducibility of these results.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ArataYanewenergy.pdf
First Author: Arata, Y.
1906. Asami, N. and K. Matsui, Research and development for new hydrogen energy. Mater. Adv. Energy Systems & Fission and Fusion Eng., 1994. 7: p. 119.
First Author: Asami, N.
1907. Astakhov, I.I., et al., Diffusion of hydrogen isotopes in palladium hydride and deuteride in the presence of lithium. Russ. J. Electrochem., 1994. 30: p. 1379.
First Author: Astakhov, I. I.
1908. Baird, J.K., Isotope effect in hydrogen atom diffusion in metals. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1994. submitted.
First Author: Baird, J. K.
1909. Baranowski, B., S.M. Filipek, and W. Raczynski, Electrolytic charging of palladium by deuterium at normal and high pressure conditions. Pol. J. Chem., 1994. 68: p. 845.
First Author: Baranowski, B.
1910. Barrowes, S.C. and H.E. Bergeson. Linear, High Precision, Redundant Calorimeter. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1994. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Barrowes, S. C.
1911. Bass, R.W. A Semi-Classical Quantized Theory of Lattice Induced Nuclear Transformations. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Bass, R. W.
1912. Bass, R.W. Is the Coulomb Fusion "Barrier" a Resonantly Transparent Mirror? Refutation of the Conventional Cold Fusion 'QM-Impossibility' "Proof". in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Bass, R. W.
1913. Basteev, A.V. and L.A. Nechiporenko, Activation of solid-phase deflagration of hydrogen-containing energy-storing substances. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1994. 19: p. 739.
First Author: Basteev, A. V.
1914. Blagus, S., et al., Evidence for neutron production during heavy water electrolysis on palladium electrode. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 105.
First Author: Blagus, S.
1915. Bockris, J., Were the Seeds of the Decay of the West Sown in 1650? 1994.
First Author: Bockris, J.
1916. Bockris, J. and R. Sundaresan, Electrochemistry, Tritium, and Transmutation. 1994.
First Author: Bockris, J.
1917. Bockris, J. and R. Sundaresan. Electrochemistry, Tritium and Transmutation. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Bockris, J.
1918. Bockris, J., et al. Triggering of Heat and Sub-Surface Changes in Pd-D Systems. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1994. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Bockris, J.
I. INTRODUCTION
More than four years after the first reports of chemically stimulated nuclear reactions, the triggering of heat evolution and the production of associated nuclear debris remains a highly uncertain matter. Both the duration of the switch-on time and, indeed, whether a given electrode will commence to show nuclear activity within 500 hours of the beginning of electrolysis, remain unclear.
In the present study, three methods of triggering anomalous heat are described. The changes in the sub-surface of palladium during the evolution of D2 or H2 are described as a function of potential, temperature and time.
Finally, these results are evaluated against the present theories of heat production in metals.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BockrisJtriggering.pdf
First Author: Brightson, R.
1920. Brown, B. Lithium Fission to Fuse Deuterium? in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Brown, B.
1921. Browne, M.W., New Shot at Cold Fusion by Pumping Sound Waves into Tiny Bubbles, in New York Times. 1994: NYEditor. p. 5.
First Author: Browne, M. W.
1922. Bruschi, M., U. Marconi, and A. Zoccoli. The neutron spectrometer of the cold fusion experiment under the Gran Sasso Laboratory. in Hadronic Phys., Winter Course 8th 1993. 1994. World Sci., Singapore.
First Author: Bruschi, M.
1923. Bush, B.F. and M. Miles. Practical Aspects of Heat and Helium Measurements in Deuterated Palladium. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Bush, B. F.
1924. Bush, R.T. An Interpretation of the Piantelli Effect Based Upon the LANT Hypothesis and ECFM Model for Cold Fusion. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1925. Bush, R.T. Evidence for an electrolytically induced shift in the abundance ratio of Sr-88 and Sr-86. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1926. Bush, R.T., A Unifying Model for Cold Fusion. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 431.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1927. Bush, R.T. and R.D. Eagleton, Evidence for Electrolytically Induced Transmutation and Radioactivity Correlated with Excess Heat in Electrolytic Cells with Light Water Rubidium Salt Electrolytes. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 334.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
1928. Celani, F., et al. D/Pd Loading Ratio up to 1.2:1 by High Power µS Pulsed Electrolysis in Pd Plates. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Celani, F.
1929. Champion, J., Explanation of Observed Nuclear Events Associated with Cold Fusion and Similar Low Energy Nuclear Reactions. 1994.
First Author: Champion, J.
1930. Champion, J., History of Transmutation Research. 1994.
First Author: Champion, J.
1931. Chang, Y.F. and C.Z. Yu. The Physical-Chemical and Nuclear Multistage Reaction Mechanism and the Multistage Ignition Condition on Cold Fusion. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Chang, Y. F.
1932. Chechin, V.A. and V.A. Tsarev, On the nonstationary quantum-mechanical origin of nuclear reactions in solids. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 469.
First Author: Chechin, V. A.
1933. Chechin, V.A., et al., Critical review of theoretical models for anomalous effects in deuterated metals. Int. J. Theo. Phys., 1994. 33: p. 617.
First Author: Chechin, V. A.
We briefly summarize the reported anomalous effects in deuterated metals at ambient temperature, commonly known as "Cold Fusion" (CF), with an emphasis on important experiments as well as the theoretical basis for the opposition to interpreting them as cold fusion. Then we critically examine more than 25 theoretical models for CF, including unusual nuclear and exotic chemical hypotheses. We conclude that they do not explain the data.
From: http://arxiv1.library.cornell.edu/vc/nucl-th/papers/0303/0303057v1.pdf
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChechinVAcriticalre.pdf
First Author: Cheek, G. T.
1935. Chen, C.L. and J.K. Wu, Electrolytic hydrogen transport in palladium. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1994. 13: p. 84.
First Author: Chen, C. L.
1936. Chen, Y.P. and S.D. Cai, Dynamic screening effect from acoustic plasmons. Science in China A, 1994. 37((1)): p. 62.
First Author: Chen, Y. P.
1937. Chindarkar, A.R., et al., Observation of Anomalous Emissions of High Energy (=1 MeV) Charged Particles When 5 keV Protons Impinge on Palladium and Titanium Foils. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 197.
First Author: Chindarkar, A. R.
1938. Chubb, S.R. and T.A. Chubb, The Role of Hydrogen Ion Band States in Cold Fusion. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 414.
First Author: Chubb, S. R.
1939. Chubb, T.A. and S.R. Chubb. Ion Band States: What They Are, and How They Affect Cold Fusion. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Chubb, T. A.
1940. Collis, W.J.M.F., Oklo Isotope Anomalies and Cold Fusion. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 525.
First Author: Collis, W. J. M. F.
1941. Czerwinski, A., Influence of lithium cations on hydrogen and deuterium electrosorption in palladium. Electrochim. Acta, 1994. 39: p. 431.
First Author: Czerwinski, A.
1942. Dash, J., G. Noble, and D. Diman. Changes in Surface Topography and Microcomposition of a Palladium Cathode Caused by Electrolysis in Acidified Light Water. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Dash, J.
1943. Dash, J., G. Noble, and D. Diman, Surface Morphology and Microcomposition of Palladium Cathodes After Electrolysis in Acified Light and Heavy Water: Correlation With Excess Heat. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 299.
First Author: Dash, J.
1944. David, F., Theorie de la diafluidite. Fusion, 1994. 49: p. 58 (in French).
First Author: David, F.
1945. De Ninno, A. and V. Violante, Study of deuterium charging in palladium by electrolysis of heavy water. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 1304.
First Author: De Ninno, A.
1946. Deryagin, B.V., et al., On the initiation of the nuclear fusion reaction in deuterated ferroelectric at its polarisation reversal induced by an electric field. Dokl, Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1994. 336: p. 753 (in Russian).
First Author: Deryagin, B. V.
1947. Deryagin, B.V., et al., On the possibility of initiation of nuclear fusion in deuterated ferroelectrics by polarisation reversal waves at T < Tc. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR Fiz. Khim., 1994. 334(3): p. 291 (in Russian).
First Author: Deryagin, B. V.
1948. Drexler, J., Self-catalyzed nuclear fusion of lithium-6 and deuterium using alpha particles. 1994: World WO 94/16446.
First Author: Drexler, J.
1949. Eagleton, R.D. Experimental Details for Light Water Cold Fusion Research at Cal. Poly.- Pomona. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Eagleton, R. D.
1950. EPRI. Proceedings: Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion Volume 1: Plenary Session Papers, TR-104188-V1. 1994. Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii: Electric Power Research Institute.
First Author: EPRI
ICCF-4 conference proceedings, Volume 1. From:
http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?Abstract_id=TR-104188-V1
This meeting was the latest in a series of conferences devoted to a new area of scientific endeavor, variously called, "Deuterated Metals Research," "Anomalous Nuclear Phenomena in Solids," and "New Hydrogen Energy."
A number of new experimental approaches were presented including the use of ceramic proton conductors at high temperature and the use of ultrasonic cavitation in heavy water to load palladium and titanium foils with deuterium.
The 125 papers that were presented were divided so that Volume 1 contains all the papers received from authors who participated in the four plenary sessions, Volume 2 includes contributed papers on calorimetry and materials, Volume 3 has contributions on nuclear particle detection and measurement, and Volume 4 contains the papers contributed on theory and special topics.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/EPRIproceeding.pdf
First Author: EPRI
ICCF-4 conference proceedings, Volume 2. From:
http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?Abstract_id=TR-104188-V2
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/EPRIproceedinga.pdf
First Author: EPRI
ICCF-4 conference proceedings, Volume 3. From:
http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?Abstract_id=TR-104188-V3
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/EPRIproceedingb.pdf
First Author: EPRI
ICCF-4 conference proceedings, Volume 4. From:
http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?Abstract_id=TR-104188-V4
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/EPRIproceedingc.pdf
First Author: Fedorovich, G. V.
1955. Fedorovich, G.V., Ferroelectrics for Cold Fusion. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 474.
First Author: Fedorovich, G. V.
1956. Fernandez, J.F., F. Cuevas, and C. Sanchez, Deuterium concentration profiles in electrochemically deuterated titanium and their evolution after electrolysis. J. Alloys Comp., 1994. 205: p. 303.
First Author: Fernandez, J. F.
1957. Filimonov, V.A., Synergetic Activation Model: Key to Intense and Reproducible Cold Fusion. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 455.
First Author: Filimonov, V. A.
1958. Filimonov, V.A. and V.A. Lishnevskii. Cold Fusion and Superfast Low-Temperature Chemical Processes in Solids: Common Basis for Understanding. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Filimonov, V. A.
1959. Fleischmann, M., S. Pons, and D.R.O. Morrison, Reply to the critique by Morrison entitled 'Comments on claims of excess enthalpy by Fleischmann and Pons using simple cells made to boil. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 187: p. 276.
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
These two documents first appeared in the Internet sci.physics.fusion forum in 1993. The first was written by Douglas Morrison (CERN), and the second by Martin Fleischmann (Univ. Southhampton) and Stanley Pons (IMRA Europe). A version of this was published as: Fleischmann, M. and S. Pons, Reply to the critique by Morrison entitled Comments on claims of excess enthalpy by FLeischmann and Pons using simple cells made to boil. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 187: p. 276. This debate refers mainly to paper "Calorimetry of the PD-D2O System: from Simplicity via Complications to Simplicity," published in Physics Letters A. A simlar paper was later published in the ICCF-3 conference proceedings and handed out by Fleischmann, which is on this web site.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmanreplytothe.pdf
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
Summary. -- We review some of the key facts in the phenomenology of Pd-hydrides usually referred to as cold fusion. We conclude that all theoretical attempts that concentrate only on few-body interactions, both electromagnetic and nuclear, are probably insufficient to explain such phenomena. On the other hand we find good indications that theories describing collective, coherent interactions among elementary constituents leading to macroscopic quantum-mechanical effects belong to the class of possible theories of those phenomena.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Fleischmanpossibleth.pdf
First Author: Focardi, S.
1962. Fox, H. Cold Nuclear Fusion, Space Energy Devices & Commercialization. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Fox, H.
1963. Frolov, A.M. and V.H. Smith, On stimulated nuclear fusion in the cold generalized DT hydrides of fissionable elements. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 196: p. 217.
First Author: Frolov, A. M.
1964. Fukada, S., et al., Measurement of exoelectrons from palladium and palladium deuteride with gas proportional counter. J. Alloys Comp., 1994. 204: p. 223.
First Author: Fukada, S.
1965. Fukai, Y. and N. Okuma, Formation of superabundant vacancies in Pd hydride under high hydrogen pressures. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1994. 73: p. 1640.
First Author: Fukai, Y.
1966. George, R., The cold fusion phenomenon -- An interview with Dr. Mahadeva Srinivasan, in Cold Fusion. 1994.
First Author: George, R.
Dr. Mahadeva Srinivasan was the head of the Neutron Physics Division and an Associate Director of the Physics Group of BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Center) in Mumbai (Bombay), India when this interview was held on March 1, 1994 at SRI International in Menlo Park, California. At that time he was a visiting scientist there, participating in the Cold Fusion experiments underway at the laboratories of the Energy Research Center.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/GeorgeRthecoldfus.pdf
First Author: Gluck, P.
1968. Goodstein, D., Pariah Science. Whatever Happened to Cold Fusion? The American Scholar, 1994. 63(4): p. 527.
First Author: Goodstein, D.
1969. Grant, P.M., et al., Hydrocarbon oil found in the interior of a 'cold fusion' electrolysis cell after fatal explosion. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 207.
First Author: Grant, P. M.
1970. Green, T.A. and T.I. Quickenden, Electrolytic preparation of highly loaded deuterides of palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994. 368: p. 121.
First Author: Green, T. A.
1971. Gur, T.M., et al., An isoperibolic calorimeter to study electrochemical insertion of deuterium into palladium. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 487.
First Author: Gur, T. M.
1972. Handel, P., Thermoelectric excess heat effect in electrolytic cells. Z. Phys. B: Condens. Matter, 1994. 95: p. 489.
First Author: Handel, P.
1973. Hansen, W.N. and M.E. Melich, Pd/D Calorimetry- The Key to the F/P Effect and a Challenge to Science. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 355.
First Author: Hansen, W. N.
1974. Hoffman, N.J., Book Review of Taubes Book. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 225.
First Author: Hoffman, N. J.
1975. Iller, C., Hadronic Circuit Diagrams and the secrets of Cold Nuclear Chemistry. Alchemy Today, 1994. 2: p. 149.
First Author: Iller, C.
1976. Ito, T., T. Kursawa, and T. Yaguchi, Concerning 'cold fusion'. Meiji Daigaku Nogakubu Hokoku, 1994. 100: p. 1 (in Japanese).
First Author: Ito, T.
1977. Jin, S.X., et al., Deuterium absorbability and anomalous nuclear effect of YBCO high temperature superconductors. Chin. Sci. Bull., 1994. 39(2): p. 101.
First Author: Jin, S. X.
1978. Johnson, K.H. Jahn-Teller Symmetry Breaking and Hydrogen Energy in g-PdD "Cold Fusion" as Storage of Latent Heat of Water. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Johnson, K. H.
1979. Johnson, K.H., Jahn-Teller Symmetry Breaking and Hydrogen Energy in g-PdD "Cold Fusion". Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 427.
First Author: Johnson, K. H.
1980. Jones, S.E., et al., Search for Neutron, Gamma, and X-Ray Emissions From Pd/LiOD Electrolytic Cells: A Null Result. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 143.
First Author: Jones, S. E.
1981. Jorne, J., Neutron emission studies during the electrolysis of deuterium by using BaCeO3 solid electrolyte and palladium electrodes. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 244.
First Author: Jorne, J.
1982. Kapali, V., et al., Comparison of electrochemical behaviour of the Pd-NaOD and Pd-NaOH systems". J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994. 264: p. 95.
First Author: Kapali, V.
1983. Karabut, A.B., Y. Kucherov, and I.B. Savvatimova, Impurities in Cathode Material and Possible Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms in Glow Discharge. 1994.
First Author: Karabut, A. B.
1984. Kim, Y.E. Possible Evidence of Cold D(D,p)T Fusion from Dee's 1934 Experiment. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1994. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1985. Kim, Y.E., Possible Evidence of Cold D(D,p)T Fusion from Dee's 1934 Experiment. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 519.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
D(D,p)T fusion probabilities for the back-to-back proton-tritium tracks observed in Dees 1934 experiment are calculated using the conventional theory and found to be many orders of magnitude smaller than those inferred from Dees data. Our results indicate that Dees data may be evidence for cold fusion, possibly due to low-energy reaction barrier transparency as recently proposed. Therefore it is important to repeat Dees experiment with modern facilities.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KimYEpossibleeva.pdf
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1987. Kim, Y.E., et al., Reaction Barrier Transparency for Cold Fusion with Deuterium and Hydrogen. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 408.
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
An improved parametric representation of Coulomb barrier penetration is presented. These detailed calculations are improvements upon the conventionally used Gamow tunneling coefficient. This analysis yields a reaction barrier transparency (RBT) which may have singular ramifications for cold fusion, as well as significant consequences in a wide variety of fusion settings.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/KimYEreactionbaa.pdf
First Author: Kim, Y. E.
1989. Koval'chuk, E.P., O.M. Yanchuk, and O.V. Reshetnyak, Electromagnetic radiation during electrolysis of heavy water. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 189: p. 15.
First Author: Koval'chuk, E. P.
1990. Kozima, H., Neutron Moessbauer effect and the cold fusion in inhomogeneous materials. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107 A: p. 1781.
First Author: Kozima, H.
1991. Kuehne, R.W., The possible hot nature of cold fusion. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 198.
First Author: Kuehne, R. W.
1992. Kunimatsu, K., Current status of room-temperature nuclear fusion. Excess heat measurement. Petrotech. (Tokyo), 1994. 17(12): p. 998 (in Japanese).
First Author: Kunimatsu, K.
1993. Lewenstein, B.V., La saga de la fusion froide" (The cold fusion saga). Recherche, 1994. 25: p. 636 (in French).
First Author: Lewenstein, B. V.
1994. Li, X.Z. Searching for Truth with High Expectations - 5 Year Studies of Cold Fusion in China. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Li, X. Z.
1995. Li, X.Z., The 3-Dimensional Resonance Tunneling in Chemically Assisted Nuclear Fission and Fusion Reactions. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 480.
First Author: Li, X. Z.
1996. Lipson, A.G., I.I. Bardyshev, and D.M. Sakov, Generation of hard gamma-radiation in KD2PO4 single crystals during the ferroelectric phase transition. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1994. 20: p. 957.
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1997. Lipson, A.G. and D.M. Sakov, Increase in the intensity of the external neutron flux in the irradiation of a KD2PO4 crystal at the point of the ferroelectric transition. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1994. 20: p. 954.
First Author: Lipson, A. G.
1998. Liu, R., et al., Measurement of neutron energy spectra from the gas discharge facility. Yuanzi Yu Fenzi Wuli Xuebao, 1994. 11(2): p. 115 (in Chinese).
First Author: Liu, R.
1999. Mallove, E., et al., Cold Fusion: Still a Hot Topic? Phys. Today, 1994. March: p. 93.
First Author: Mallove, E.
Letter to Physics Today, with a response by Williams. Letter begins:
David Williams's review of John R. Huizenga's unrepentantly negative book Cold Fusion: The Scientific Fiasco of the Century (January 1993, page 73) contains disturbing and false assertions. Williams says, "now investigations on so-called cold fusion are confined to only a few laboratories," a claim that is entirely without foundation . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/MalloveEcoldfusion.pdf
First Author: Maly, J. A.
2001. Manduchi, C., et al., Anomalous effects during the interaction of subatmospheric D2(H2) with Pd from 900C to room temperature. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107 A: p. 171.
First Author: Manduchi, C.
2002. Matsumoto, T., Two Proposals Concerning Cold Fusion. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 1337.
First Author: Matsumoto, T.
2003. Matsuzaki, A., T. Nishina, and I. Uchida, In situ low incident angle XRD technique with electrochemical methods. Application to deuterium charging into palladium cathode. Hyomen Gijutsu, 1994. 45: p. 106.
First Author: Matsuzaki, A.
2004. McKibben, J.L., Particles as Standing Waves in a Superdense Aether. 1994.
First Author: McKibben, J. L.
2005. McKubre, M.C.H., et al. An overview of excess heat production in deuterated palladium system. in IECEC Conference. 1994. Monterey, CA.
First Author: McKubre, M. C. H.
2006. McKubre, M.C.H., et al., Isothermal Flow Calorimetric Investigations of the D/Pd and H/Pd Systems. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994. 368: p. 55.
First Author: McKubre, M. C. H.
Isothermal calorimetric studies of the D/Pd and H/Pd systems have been carried out at high deuterium (hydrogen) loadings (i.e. [D(H)]/[Pd] > 0.9) at approximately 30C. Under these conditions, the generation of "excess power" was observed in a series of deuterium-based experiments, but not in a hydrogen-based experiment. The results of these experiments enable several (tentative) conclusions to be reached concerning the conditions necessary for the reproducible observation of this anomalous thermal effect.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/McKubreMCHisothermala.pdf
First Author: McKubre, M. C. H.
The excess heat generated in electrochemical cells with palladium cathodes and heavy water electrolyte appears to be far too large to result from chemical or metallurgical transformation. The evidence implies that the heat source is a nuclear reaction of some as yet undetermined nature.
This book is available here:
http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?Abstract_id=TR-104195
The LENR-CANR.org version is searchable.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/McKubreMCHdevelopmen.pdf
First Author: Miao, B.
2009. Miao, B., Experimental exploration on possible mechanism of D-D cold fusion in titanium lattice. Xibei Shifan Daxue Xuebao, Ziran Kexueban, 1994. 30: p. 44 (in Chinese).
First Author: Miao, B.
2010. Miles, M. and B.F. Bush, Heat and Helium Measurements in Deuterated Palladium. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 156.
First Author: Miles, M.
2011. Miles, M., B.F. Bush, and J.J. Lagowski, Anomalous effects involving excess power, radiation, and helium production during D2O electrolysis using palladium cathodes. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 478.
First Author: Miles, M.
2012. Miles, M., B.F. Bush, and D.E. Stilwell, Calorimetric principles and problems in measurements of excess power during Pd-D2O electrolysis. J. Phys. Chem., 1994. 98: p. 1948.
First Author: Miles, M.
2013. Miley, G.H., et al. Energy Amplifier with Multilayer Thin Film Electrodes. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Miley, G. H.
2014. Miley, G.H., et al., Electrolytic Cell with Multilayer Thin-Film Electrodes. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 313.
First Author: Miley, G. H.
2015. Mills, R.L., W.R. Good, and R.M. Shaubach, Dihydrino molecule identification. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 103.
First Author: Mills, R. L.
2016. Milton, R., Forbidden science. Suppressed research that could change our lives. 1994, London: Fourth Estate.
First Author: Milton, R.
2017. Morioka, S., Nuclear fusion triggered by positron annihilation at vacancies in deuterated metals. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107A: p. 2755.
First Author: Morioka, S.
2018. Morrison, D.R.O., Review of Progress in Cold Fusion. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 48.
First Author: Morrison, D. R. O.
2019. Morrison, D.R.O., Comments on claims of excess enthalpy by Fleischmann and Pons using simple cells made to boil. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 185: p. 498.
First Author: Morrison, D. R. O.
2020. Mukherjee, D. and A. Wordsworth, Stress relieving of palladium foils, controls its electro-catalytic properties. Tool & Alloy Steels, 1994: p. 323.
First Author: Mukherjee, D.
2021. Nakamitsu, Y., et al., Study of cold nuclear fusion with electrolysis at low-temperature range. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1994. 107: p. 117.
First Author: Nakamitsu, Y.
2022. Nomura, K. and E. Akiba, Trial of nuclear fusion. Busshitsu Kogaku Gijutsu Kenkyusho Hokoku, 1994. 2(4): p. 439 (in Japanese).
First Author: Nomura, K.
2023. Notoya, R., Y. Noya, and T. Ohnishi, Tritium generation and large excess heat evolution by electrolysis in light and heavy water-potassium carbonate solutions with nickel electrodes. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 179.
First Author: Notoya, R.
2024. Okamoto, M., et al., Excess Heat Generation, Voltage Deviation, and Neutron Emission in D2O-LiOD Systems. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 176.
First Author: Okamoto, M.
ABSTRACT To elucidate the mechanism of the excess heat generation (EHG), the correlation of the EHG with the nuclear effects, especially the excess neutron emission (ENE), and electrochemical effects, especially the cell voltage (CV) change, is discussed based on the data obtained in a series of electrolysis of heavy water or light water in D2 (H2)O-LiOD(H)-Pd systems.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OkamotoMexcessheata.pdf
First Author: Oriani, R. A.
introduction Because cold fusion phenomena are notoriously erratic, and the parameters necessary to obtain reproducible and consistent results are poorly understood it is important to be aware of what is known about the state of hydrogen in metals and of the dynamics of its entry into and release from a metal. This short paper cannot do more than indicate some of the important areas; the interested reader can obtain more information by reading the references (1-3).
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/OrianiRAabriefsurv.pdf
First Author: Passell, T. O.
2027. Patterson, J.A., Method for Electrolysis of Water to Form Metal Hydride. 1994: US Patent # 5,318,675.
First Author: Patterson, J. A.
2028. Preparata, G., Cold Fusion '93': Some Theoretical Ideas. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 397.
First Author: Preparata, G.
2029. Prevenslik, T.V., Sonoliminescence Induced Deuterium Fusion. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 530.
First Author: Prevenslik, T. V.
2030. Pyun, S.I., C. Lim, and K.B. Kim, An investigation of the electrochemical kinetics of deuterium insertion into a Pd membrane electrode in 0.1M LiOD solution by the a.c. impedance technique. J. Alloys and Compounds, 1994. 203: p. 149.
First Author: Pyun, S. I.
2031. Ragland, E., A cold fusion technology assessment. Part I - Preliminary Report. 1994.
First Author: Ragland, E.
2032. Rambaut, M., Account of Cold Fusion by Screening and Harmonic Oscillator Resonance. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 486.
First Author: Rambaut, M.
2033. Ransford, H.E., Apparatus for Safely Extending Cold Fusion Investigations to High Temperature, Pressure and Input Power Regimes. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 78.
First Author: Ransford, H. E.
2034. Reifenschweiler, O., Reduced radioactivity of tritium in small titanium particles. Phys. Lett. A, 1994. 184: p. 149.
First Author: Reifenschweiler, O.
By heating a TiT0.0035 preparation consisting of extremely small monocrystalline particles (diameter ≈ 15 nm) a decrease of the radioactivity by 40% was observed. In further experiments the concentration of tritium in such preparations was varied (TiTx experiments) showing that the radioactivity of the tritium increased less than proportionally to its concentration. Careful analysis of the experiments seems to rule out the possibility of trivial errors. A provisional hypothetical explanation is formulated. Our experiments may point to a connection with cold DD-fusion.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Reifenschwreducedrad.pdf
First Author: Rice, R. A.
2036. Rice, R.A., et al. Comments on exotic chemistry models and deep Dirac states for cold fusion. in Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1994. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.
First Author: Rice, R. A.
Several models are examined in which it is claimed that cold fusion is the result either of tight binding of the electrons in H isotope atoms or molecules, or of an electron-H isotope resonance which allows a higher probability of Coulomb barrier penetration. In the case of models in which the electron is tightly bound to the H isotope atom, we show that states below the most deeply bound (-16.39 eV) are impossible in principle. We also present evidence against the possibility of the existence of electron-H isotope resonances. Finally, a lower bound is found for the binding energy of H isotope molecules which is above that calculated in the tightly bound electron-H isotope models.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/RiceRAcommentsona.pdf
First Author: Sapogin, L. G.
2038. Sapogin, L.G. II. On the Mechanism of Cold Nuclear Fusion. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Sapogin, L. G.
2039. Schwinger, J., Energy Transfer In Cold Fusion and Sonoluminescence. 1994.
First Author: Schwinger, J.
2040. Schwinger, J., Cold Fusion, A Brief History of Mine. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. xiii.
First Author: Schwinger, J.
2041. Shankland, S., Storms: Interest in cold fusion resurging, in Los Alamos Monitor. 1994: Los AlamosEditor. p. 31.
First Author: Shankland, S.
2042. Singh, M., et al., Verification of the George Oshawa Experiment for Anomalous Production of Iron From Carbon Arc in Water. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 266.
First Author: Singh, M.
A direct current arc was run between ultrapure graphite electrodes dipped in ultrapure water for 1 to 20 h, The graphite residue collected at the bottom of the water trough was analyzed for iron content by a conventional spectrographic method, It was found, in the first few experiments, that the iron content in the graphite residue was fairly high, depending on the duration of the arcing, The experiment was repeated initially six times, and the results showed large variations in iron content (50 to 2000 parts per million (ppm)) in the carbon residue, In the second series of experiments, which were done with the water trough fully covered, the amount of iron in the carbon residue decreased significantly (20 to 100 ppm), Here also there were large variations in the iron concentration in the residue, although the experiments were performed under identical conditions, Whether iron is really being synthesized through transmutation from carbon and oxygen as suggested by George Oshawa or is getting concentrated to different degrees through some other phenomenon is not currently clear, The iron in the carbon residue was also analyzed mass spectrometrically for the abundance of its various isotopes, and the results were more or less the same as that of natural iron, Besides iron, the presence of other elements like silicon, nickel, aluminum, and chromium was also determined in the carbon residue, and it was found that the variation of their concentrations followed the same pattern as that of iron.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SinghMverificati.pdf
First Author: Sioda, R.
2044. Storms, E. Methods Required for the Production of Excess Energy Using the Electrolysis of Palladium in D2O-Based Electrolyte. in International Symposium, Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus.
First Author: Storms, E.
2045. Storms, E., Chemically-Assisted Nuclear Reactions. Cold Fusion, 1994. 1(3): p. 42.
First Author: Storms, E.
2046. Storms, E., Some Characteristics of Heat Production Using the "Cold Fusion" Effect. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 96.
First Author: Storms, E.
2047. Strackan, J.S., Thermoelectric Energy Conversion. 1994: US Patent #5,288,336.
First Author: Strackan, J. S.
2048. Sullivan, D.L., Exclusionary epideictic: NOVA's narrative excommunication of Fleischmann and Pons. Sci., Technol. Human Values, 1994. 19: p. 283.
First Author: Sullivan, D. L.
2049. Sundaresan, R. and J. Bockris, Anomalous Reactions During Arcing Between Carbon Rods in Water. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 261.
First Author: Sundaresan, R.
Spectroscopically pure carbon rods were subjected to a carbon arc in highly purified water. The arc current varied from 20 to 25 A and was passed intermittently for several hours. The original carbon contained ~2 parts per million (ppm) iron, and the detritus contained up to 286 ppm of iron. The carbon rods remained cool 10 the touch at >2 cm from their tips. Adsorption of iron from water or the surrounding atmosphere was established as not being the cause of the increase of iron. There is a weak correlation between the iron formed and the time of passage of current. When dissolved O2, was replaced by N2 in the solution, no iron was formed. Hence, the mechanism
26C12 + 28O18 -> 26Fe56 + 2He4
was suggested as the origin of the iron. The increase in temperature of the solution was consistent with expectation based on this reaction.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Sundaresananomalousr.pdf
First Author: Swartz, M. R.
2051. Swartz, M.R., Isotopic Fuel Loading Coupled to Reactions at an Electrode. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 74.
First Author: Swartz, M. R.
2052. Szpak, S., P.A. Mosier-Boss, and R.D. Boss, Comments on the analysis of tritium content in electrochemical cells. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994. 373: p. 1.
First Author: Szpak, S.
INTRODUCTION
Following the report by Fleischmann and Pons [1] in 1989 that nuclear events, including the production of tritium, can be initiated in electrochemical cells during the electrolysis of heavy water on Pd cathodes, tritium production has been claimed in a number of publications, a list of which was compiled by Storms [2] and more recently reviewed by Chien et al. [3]. However, substantial difficulties have been encountered in reproducing reported data and considerable controversy remains concerning the occurrence of such events, including tritium production.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakScommentsona.pdf
First Author: Szpak, S.
This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in:
Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research.
The electrochemical charging of Pd rods by deuterium involves a complex coupling of electrochemical, interfacial and transport processes. In order to predict the overpotential, surface coverage and bulk loading of the electrode during charging, a model has been developed that incorporates the essential features of these processes and involves variables such as the electrochemical rate constants, the bulk diffusion coefficient and the charging current. Features of the computed time dependence of the bulk loading are then compared with published experimental charging curves. New microscopic observations and X-ray diffraction data provide further evidence for the details of the charging process.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSabsorption.pdf
First Author: Szpak, S.
This paper is available as a single file (below), and it is included in:
Szpak, S. and P.A. Mosier-Boss, Anomalous Behavior of the Pd/D System. 1995, Office of Naval Research.
ABSTRACT
The mode of deuterium uptake during Pd-D co-deposition has been explored using galvanostatic perturbation techniques. The resultant potential relaxation curves exhibit four distinct potentialtime intervals where the relaxation process is controlled by the interaction between the transport of deuterium from the lattice to the surface to form adsorbed deuterium and the reduction of palladium from solution. These interactions are discussed in terms of the palladium + electrolyte interphase.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SzpakSdeuteriumu.pdf
First Author: Takahashi, A.
2056. Tisenko, Y.A., Possible ways to achieve cold fusion. III. Russ. Phys. J., 1994. 37: p. 590.
First Author: Tisenko, Yu. A.
2057. Tsuchiya, K., K. Ohashi, and M. Fukuchi, Mechanism of Cold Nuclear Fusion II. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 493.
First Author: Tsuchiya, K.
2058. Turner, L., Peregrinations on Cold Fusion. J. Fusion Energy, 1994. 9(4): p. 447.
First Author: Turner, L.
2059. Vigier, J.P. New Hydrogen (Deuterium) Bohr Orbits in Quantum Chemistry and Cold Fusion Processes. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Vigier, J. P.
2060. Vysotskii, V. and R.N. Kuz'min, Nonequilibrium Fermi condensate of deuterium atoms in microvoids of crystals and the problem of barrier-free cold nuclear fusion. Tech. Phys., 1994. 39(7): p. 663.
First Author: Vysotskii, V.
2061. Waber, J.T. and M. de Llano, Cold Fusion as Boson Condensation in a Fermi Sea. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26(4T): p. 496.
First Author: Waber, J. T.
2062. Wiley, W., Utah scientists research cold fusion in France, in The Denver Post. 1994: DenverEditor. p. 9.
First Author: Wiley, W.
2063. Yang, J., et al., 'Abnormal' nuclear phenomena and possible nuclear process. Fusion Technol., 1994. 25: p. 203.
First Author: Yang, J.
2064. Yi, K., et al., A study of D-D fusion in TiD target induced by 197Au bombardment. Nucl. Techniques (China), 1994. 17: p. 722 (in Chinese).
First Author: Yi, K.
2065. Yu, C.Z. and Y.F. Chang. Internal Conversion Mechanism in Cold Fusion. in International Symposium on Cold Fusion and Advanced Energy Sources. 1994. Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus: Fusion Information Center, Salt Lake City.
First Author: Yu, C. Z.
2066. Ahern, B.S., K.H. Johnson, and J. Clark, H. R., Method of Maximizing Anharmonic Oscillations in Deuterated Alloys. 1995: US Patent #5,411,654.
First Author: Ahern, B. S.
2067. Alekseev, V.A., et al., Tritium production in the interaction of dense streams of deuterium plama with metal surfaces. Tech. Phys. Lett., 1995. 21: p. 231.
First Author: Alekseev, V. A.
2068. Alguero, M., et al. An Experimental Method to Measure the Rate of H(D)-Absorption by a Pd Cathode During the Electrolysis of an Aqueous Solution: Advantages and Disadvantages. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Alguero, M.
An experimental set up to measure the rate of BCD) uptake by a Pd cathode during the electrolysis of an aqueous electrolyte has been built and its behavior is analyzed. The experimental procedure is based on the pressure changes that take place within a closed electrolytic cell during the hydride (deuteride) formation. Calibration of the system has been done by accomplishing electrolysis with two Pl electrodes and the error sources have been studied. A protocol to be used in Pd hydrogenation (deuteration) is defined. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of this experimental m ethod against measurements of the Pd electric resistance variations are briefly discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=246
First Author: An, H. K.
2070. Antanasijevic, R.D., et al. "Cold Fusion" in Terms of New Quantum Chemistry: The Role of Magnetic Interactions in Dense Physica Media. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Antanasijevic, R. D.
Various recently reported "break even" in different types of "cold fusion" experiments have a common physical origin if one assumes that one should add, in dense states, the action of magnetic interactions of oriented nuclear spins to the usual Coulomb forces. In that case one is led to predict a) the existence of new "tight" quantum molecular states (associated to new "tight" Bohr orbits) which correspond to the emission of X--ray lines and excess energy b) the associated apparition of a certain amount of nuclear fusion reactions due to those magnetic interactions and enhanced tunneling by strong electron concentrations. They appear in the form of neutron (or ?) bursts and various types of "ashes" of particular nuclear fusion reactions in electrolysis, glow discharge, capillary devices, resonance sonoluminescence and plasma discharge experiments. They both contribute to observable energy excess in amounts which vary which chosen set-ups.
To explore this assumption two experiments are presented here i.e. 1) discharge experiments in plasma focus and "capillary fusion" devices (i.e. nuclear fusion) of 10^8 neutrons/burst 2) X-ray measurements in deuterium plasma focus which confirm the existence of new Bohr orbits.
New possible experiments to check it are also briefly discussed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=312
First Author: Arata, Y.
The authors have proposed a new "Model" which can reasonably explain the existence of Cold Fusion Reaction and also verify the generation of tremendous excess energy in the DS-cathode, which is fifty thousand times higher than chemical reaction energy. The new model is named "Latticequake Model". Cold fusion is caused by high energy deuterium similar to "hot" fusion.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=290
First Author: Arata, Y.
2073. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, Peculiar relation between hot plasma fusion and solid-state plasma fusion ("cold fusion"). Koon Gakkaishi, 1995. 21: p. 130 (in Japanese).
First Author: Arata, Y.
2074. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, Cold fusion caused by 'lattice quake'. Koon Gakkaishi, 1995. 21: p. 43 (in Japanese).
First Author: Arata, Y.
2075. Arata, Y. and Y.C. Zhang, Cold fusion reactions driven by 'Latticequake'. Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, 1995. 71: p. 98.
First Author: Arata, Y.
2076. Asami, N., K. Matsui, and F. Hasegawa. Present Status and the Perspective of New Hydrogen Energy Project. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Asami, N.
A research and development project, named as 'New Hydrogen Energy', has started in Japan in November, 1993, to confirm the excess heat generation during electrolysis with Pd-LiOD system as the first priority objective. The project has been supported by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) and major industries in Japan, and new laboratory was established in Sapporo.
Present status and the perspectives of the project will be reported together with main technical results. Two types of electrolysis cells, namely, open type cell system from IMRA- Europe, Inc. and the fuel cell type cell systems from IMRA- Japan, Inc. , were installed in NHE Sapporo laboratory and the experiments have started from February 1994 to demonstrate the NHE-phenomena.
Correlationships among maximum attainable DlPd ratio, deuterium absorption and desorption and the characteristics of various palladium sources and treatments have been studied and analysed based on the resultsof the material observations and instrumentational analysis such as O/M , SEM , XRD, AES , SIMS and EPMA.
The laboratory will be reinforced by introducing of mass flow calorimetry systems, and reaction products detection systems towards an interim review scheduled in late 1995.
This R&D program has been conducted under the consignment of New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO).
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=103
First Author: Asaoka, Y.
An experimental device of cold fusion phenomena has been developed. Feature of the device is precise calorimetry and simultaneous measurement of excess heat, neutron and gamma-ray emitted from the electrolysis cell. The deuterium loading ratio of the palladium cathode can be measured simultaneously.
The galvanostatic electrolysis of heavy water with Pd cathode and Pt anode has been carried out in a closed cell with recombination catalyst. For precise excess heat measurement, the flow calorimetry method were adopted. Obtained accuracy of the calorimetry system was 0.2W at up to 10W of applied power. The electrolysis cell was
set in shielding and neutron emission was detected by an NE-213 liquid scintillation counter and a He-3 proportional detector. Gamma-ray emission was measured with the Ge(Li) semiconductor detector. Electric resistance of the palladium cathode and pressure of the gas phase in the electrolytic cell were measured simultaneously to evaluate the deuterium loading ratio. D/Pd ratio evaluated by each method has reached approximately 0.87.
With these in-situ measurements of heat, neutron and gamma-ray, no remarkable cold fusion phenomena have been observed up to the present time.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=137
First Author: Bellanger, G.
2079. Benson, T., A "Micro-fusion" reactor: Nuclear reactions in "the cold" by ultrasonic cavitation. Infinite Energy, 1995. 1(1): p. 33.
First Author: Benson, T.
2080. Bertalot, L., et al. Power Excess Production in Electrolysis Experiments at ENEA Frascati. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Bertalot, L.
Continuing the research activity on heat excess detection during the electrolysis of heavy water with palladium (Pd) cathodes, previously reported at ICCF3 and ICCF4, new experiments have been performed with success. In one of them it was also possible to correlate the power excess production with other parameters of the experiment: its description will be the subject of this communication.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=49
First Author: Biberian, J. P.
We show evidence that solid state electrolytes can be used successfully in "cold fusion" experiments. We describe in this work that LaAI03 single crystals loaded with deuterium produce excess heat up to 10 times the amount of electrical power applied. No significant amount of neutrons has been detected.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=65
First Author: Bockris, J.
2083. Botta, E., et al. Search for 4He Production from Pd/D2 Systems in Gas Phase. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Botta, E.
We describe the performance of an apparatus consisting of a cell containing a Pd sheet loaded with D2 in gas phase coupled to a high resolution Q-mass spectrometer. The loading ratio α = D/Pd is increased by applying a constant electric field along the Pd sheet, α is carefully measured by means of the electric resistance variation and of the thermodynamic parameters. In one experiment a signal corresponding to 4He production was observed.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/BottaEsearchforh.pdf
First Author: Brightsen, R. A.
2085. Brightsen, R.A., The Nucleon Cluster Model and the Periodic Table of Beta-Stable Nuclides. 1995.
First Author: Brightsen, R. A.
2086. Broad, W.J., New Class of Lightning Found High Above Clouds, in New York Times. 1995: New YorkEditor. p. 9.
First Author: Broad, W. J.
2087. Bush, R.T. The Electron Catalyzed Fusion Model (ECFM) Reconsidered with Special Emphasis Upon the Production of Tritium and Neutrons. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Bush, R. T.
The author's ECFM ("Electron Catalyzed Fusion Model") first presented at the ICCF-4 is re-examined with special reference to the production of tritium and neutrons. The model is of some interest in that it is the first model to fit excess power-vs-Ioading fraction data of McKubre et al. (SRI Intemational/EPRI) and, independently, that of Kunimatsu et al. (IMRA). Of special note is that the peak of the theoretical curve of tritium production versus loading fraction, which is related to that for neutrons by a branching ratio scaling factor, is found to be at a fractional DlPd loading of approximately 0.825, whlch is in go.od agreement with the empirical value of 0.83 announced at the ICCF-5 by Iwamura et al.(Mitsuoishi) for both tritlUm and neutrons. It is of interest then that this theoretical ECFM tritium production curve arises essentially from purely statistical mechanical considerations involving the deuteron occupation of the three-dimensional interstitial lattice, rather than arising from the details of a specific nuclear mechanism. The model shows why tritium is ordinarily not observed when excess heat is being observed. For the neutron-to-triton branching ratio a theoretical lower limit (r/R)^12 results (r is the protonic charge radius and R is the deuteronic charge radius.) yielding a value of 2 x 10^-9 in agreement with the empirical value of 2 x 10^-9 for the neutron-to-triton branching ratio.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=142
First Author: Bush, R. T.
A theoretica12 model describes impurity promotion and inhibition of the heavy water1 and light water3,4 excess heat effects of cold fusion based upon the infl uence on the magnetic properties of Pd and Ni, respectively, of al loying with different metal s. For Ni (light water case), promoters, in increasing order of efficiency, are predicted to be Cu, Zn, AI, and S n . Inhibitors, in increasing order of efficiency, are predicted to be Co, Fe, and M n . Ag, Au, and Cu are indicated as promoters in the case of Pd (heavy water case). Empirical evidence impacting the model will be presented in another paper (ref. 5) in these Proceedings.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=146
First Author: Celani, F.
Various palladium cathodes hav e been studied to determine the i nfluence of metallurgy and surface treatment o n deuterium loading. In this paper we apply a numerical solution to the appropriate differential equation to calculate the time dependent local deuterium concentration i n side the plates. We use experimentally determined deuterium coefficients for the alpha, beta and gamma phases.
We find the highest concentration gradient in the case of oxidized samples.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=212
First Author: Celani, F.
A systematic study about deuterium loading in palladium has been performed. Palladium cold worked plates and palladium alloy plates have been used as comparison. A proper plate surface oxidation has been performed and anomalous absorption rates have been measured. A high peak current (15 A), short width pulse (duration 1 μs) electrolysis technique has been used to test all cathode plates and it is visible that this technique permits to reach very high D/Pd loading values (around 1/1 or even more for palladium). At the beginning of the loading, in close relation with the anomalous absorption rate, a bump of excess heat has been measured in two similar oxidized surface palladium plates. All these tests show that the loading is completely reproducible.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/CelaniFstudyofdeu.pdf
First Author: Celani, F.
Abstract In this paper we describe an electrolytic experiment aimed at reaching high deuterium concentration gradients in palladium wires, using the electromigration effect.
We will describe the selection criteria of experimental parameters and we will show results of our loading and c alorimetric measurements. These tests reveal that a high mean value of D/Pd has been reached in a short time and that there is a correlation between an anomalous heat emissio n and an electric resistivity 'transition" of the overloaded palladium.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=73
First Author: Chambers, G. P.
2093. Chen, S., et al., X-ray diagnostics in gas discharge. Trends Nucl. Phys., 1995. 12((3)): p. 58 (in Chinese).
First Author: Chen, S.
2094. Chiba, M., et al., Measurement of neutron emission from LiNbO3 fracture process in D2 and H2 atmosphere. Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A, 1995. 108: p. 1277.
First Author: Chiba, M.
2095. Chubb, T.A. and S.R. Chubb, Wave function overlap and nuclear reactions in D+ ion band state matter. 1995.
First Author: Chubb, T. A.
2096. Chubb, T.A. and S.R. Chubb. The Ion Band State Theory. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Chubb, T. A.
We have previously explained how the occupation of ion band states by hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) in palladium deuteride PdD and possibly Ni can result in radiationless fusion. The explanation includes a number of assumptions about the governing conditions associated with the process. As a consequence of these assumptions we predicted1-3 important excess heat phenomena (loading requirements, by-products, etc.) of Cold Fusion (CF) that were subsequently observed4,5. Although the governing ideas are based on mainstream solid state physics ideas, the underlying theory "seems" to have "evaded" a number of potential problems that have bothered many people concerning CF. As we have explained recently6,7, as a result of these solid state physics effects, discontinuous changes in momentum and singularities in the effective kinetic energies associated with H or D that may occur through the occupation of ion band states provide a means for eliminating the phenomena that seemingly are omitted by the theory. In this paper we clarify the origin of these effects and their relationship to questions that have been raised associated with our treatment of the Coulomb barrier.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/ChubbTAtheionband.pdf
First Author: Collis, W. J. M. F.
A computer is used make an exhaustive search for simple nuclear reactions between naturally occurring isotopes with a view to identifying possible primary cold fusion reactions and materials which might support theoretical models. We discuss the difficulties in producing neutrons and tritium in light water expe rime nts.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=434
First Author: Conte, E.
2099. Cravens, D., Cold Fusion Testing at CET. 1995.
First Author: Cravens, D.
2100. Cravens, D. Flowing Electrolyte Calorimetry. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Cravens, D.
When the specific heat and flow rate of the electrolyte are known, the thennal output of cells using circulating electrolytes can be determined. An independent evaluation of the "Patterson Power Cell™" was conducted using the circulating electrolyte as a heat transfer medium. This allows for real time measurements and alteration of the electrolyte. The cell was found to give measurements consistent with claims of excess power. Suggestions for the improvement of the calorimetry are given. A simplified version of the system was demonstrated during the first 3 days o f the International Conference on Cold Fusion - 5 (ICCF-5) and made available to those requesting its examination.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=95
First Author: Cravens, D.
2102. Crouch-Baker, S., M.C.H. McKubre, and F.L. Tanzella. Some Thermodynamic Properties of the H(D)-Pd System. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Crouch-Baker, S.
In any discussion of the origin, measurement or description of the anomalous power prod ucing process which occurs in connection with the electrochemical loading of deuterium into palladium, knowledge of the thermodynamic behaviour of the system is clearly of importance. More particularly, since the formation of highly l oaded palladium is implicated as a necessary (but itself insufficient) condition for the observation of anomalous power, thermodynamic considerations relating to the attainment of high l oadings are of interest. Here, it is intended to review, at a general level , those aspects of the thermodynamic nature of the H(D)-Pd system, both equilibrium and non-equilibrium, which appear to bear most directly,on the question of excess power producti on in relati o n to the attai nment of high loadings.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=235
First Author: Cuevas, F.
An experimental system has been developed to grow pure titanium films on tungsten substrates. The physicochemical properties of these films have been widely studied and ad hoc samples can be used for Cold Fusion experiments avoiding their contact with atmosphere. Different Cold Fusion experiments are proposed in a new experimental setup that allows deuterium gas loading of the film whi le electrical current is applied through them. Thus, an experimental configuration similar to an electrochemical loading is attained.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=262
First Author: Czerwinski, A.
2105. Daddi, L. Neutrons Observations in Cold Fusion Experiments. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Daddi, L.
This report is a review of the most convincing observations of neutrons in Cold Fusion history up to recent experiments in which neutrons were so numerous and long lasting so as to allow activation of thermal detectors. Lately neutrons were observed also by using natural hydrogen. A more complete review is published elsewhere.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=60
First Author: Dagani, R.
2107. Dufour, J., J. Foos, and J.P. Millot. Measurement of Excess Energy and Isotope Formation in the Palladium-Hydrogen System. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Dufour, J.
A search for the products of fusion reactions that could be triggered by sparking in hydrogen isotopes was carried out. No signatures above background were found. On the contrary, the excess energy production was confirmed in the simple hydrogen/palladium system. The formation of a tightly bound state of the hydrogen (deuterium) atom is hypothesized to explain these results.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/DufourJmeasuremen.pdf
First Author: Fateev, E. G.
2109. Fedorovich, G.V., The possible nature of cold fusion in the Earth's mantle. Fusion Technol., 1995. 28: p. 1749.
First Author: Fedorovich, G. V.
2110. Felici, R., et al., In situ measurement of the deuterium (hydrogen) charging of a palladium electrode during electrolysis by energy dispersive x-ray diffraction. Rev. Sci. Instr., 1995. 66(5): p. 3344.
First Author: Felici, R.
2111. Flanagan, T.B. and H. Noh, Thermodynamics and hysteresis for hydrogen solution and hydride formation in Pd-Ni alloys. Z. Naturforsch. A, 1995. 50: p. 475.
First Author: Flanagan, T. B.
2112. Fleischmann, M. The Experimenters' Regress. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
Introduction
At the beginning of any new and controversial field of investigation, we cannot tell which of the following two statements is true:
A. "Positive" conclusions are correct; "negative" results are due to bad experimentation.
B. "Negative" conclusions are correct; "positive" results are due to bad experimentation.
This is the basis of the Experimenters' Regress, a concept drawn from the field of the Sociology of Science, e.g. see ( 1 ). As scientists, we also need to examine the possible validity of the following statement (as well as its corollary) . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=169
First Author: Fleischmann, M.
We have already described elsewhere ( 1 ,2) some of the principles which have guided our search for the generation of high rates of excess enthalpy generation at elevated temperatures, say, up to the boiling points of the electrolytes (3,4) . One of these principles has been the prediction that the partial molar enthalpy of absorption of hydrogen (or deuterium) in palladium (5) will become positive at the high charging ratios (X = DlPd) required for excess enthalpy generation (6,7), see Fig 1.
Although a transition from exothermic to endothermic absorption is probably not a necessary condition for achieving excess enthalpy generation at elevated temperaturesl , such a transition will certainly facilitate the achievement of high charging ratios. For example, increases of temperature will then themselves lead to increases in X and thereby in the rates of excess enthalpy generation. These are the conditions required for the development of "positive feedback" and; in this paper, we report on two lines of investigation which have indicated the presence of these effects. We then outline the way in which our understanding of this phenomenon has guided our investigation of excess enthalpy generation at elevated temperatures.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=157
First Author: Fox, H.
2115. Fox, H. and R.W. Bass. Cold versus hot fusion deuterium branching ratios. in Proceedings of 16th International Symposium on Fusion Engineering. 1995. IEEE.
First Author: Fox, H.
2116. Fukushima, K. Sonofusion, Compressibility of Liquid and Stability of Spherical Cavity. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Fukushima, K.
We proposed the sonofusion at ICCF3 and theoretically predicted by use of a simplified model that the temperature of gas within a supersonic cavity reaches more than 10^8 K if the initial radius of the cavity is less than 10 m, that is temperatures high enough for the occurrence of hot fusion.
In the present paper we consider a more realistic model by taking into account the compressibility of liquid and search for the optimum values of supersonic parameters for getting high gas-temperature. In addition the stability of a spherical cavity is examined.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=330
First Author: Garg, A. B.
It has now been established that during electrolysis of LiOD using Pd cathodes a threshold loading ratio of at least 0.85 needs to be achieved before excess heat production can be expected, However for emission of neutrons and tritium and possibly charged particles and transmutation products too much lower D/Pd ratios, in the region of 0.4 to 0.7 appears to be adequate. This has been independently corroborated in a variety of electrolytic and gas loading experiments. It is not so much the magnitudes of the steady state loading ratio, but rather creation of non-equilibrium conditions which facilitates rapid migration/transport of deuterons within the Pd lattice that seems to be required. With this in view a systematic study has been undertaken using electrically self-heated 0.1 25 mm dia Pd wires in H2/D2 atmospheres to optimize the conditions under wh ich rap id load ing/unloading or H2 or D2 can be achieved. Pd wire was of 99.9% purity and was procured from Lieco Industries USA.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=266
First Author: Gozzi, D.
2119. Gozzi, D., et al., Quantitative measurements of helium-4 in the gas phase of Pd + D2O electrolysis. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1995. 380: p. 109.
First Author: Gozzi, D.
2120. Grant, P., Author response:" (to the polemic by E.S. Shanley, ibid, same page). Chem. Health & Saf., 1995. 2(2): p. 4.
First Author: Grant, P.
2121. Grant, P.M., R.E. Whipple, and B.D. Andresen, Comprehensive forensic analyses of debris from the fatal explosion of a 'cold fusion' electrochemical cell. J. Forensic Sci., 1995. 40: p. 18.
First Author: Grant, P. M.
2122. Grant, P.M., et al., Search for evidence of nuclear involvement in the fatal explosion of a 'cold fusion' experiment. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 1995. 193: p. 165.
First Author: Grant, P. M.
2123. Green, T.A. and T.I. Quickenden, Calorimetric studies of highly loaded deuterides and hydrides of palladium. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1995. 389: p. 91.
First Author: Green, T. A.
2124. Hagelstein, P.L. Update on Neutron Transfer Reactions. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Hagelstein, P. L.
We discuss progress in our studies of two new basic physical mechanisms that may be relevant to recent experiments that exhibit anomalies in metal hydrides and deuterides.
Anomalous energy transfer from phonon modes to the constituents of a lattice may occur through frequency-shifting phonon modes that are highly excited. . . .
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=130
First Author: Hansen, L. D.
2126. Hasegawa, N., et al. Electrolytic Deuterium Absorption by Pd Cathode and a Consideration for High D/Pd Ratio. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Hasegawa, N.
Using several kinds of Pd electrodes, electrolysis were performed in "Fuel-Cell Type Closed Cell". Initial deuterium absorption (DIP d) at the first period o f electrolysis of 50 mNcm' current density. Maximum DlPd during electrolysis and deuterium desorption were measured. Single crystal Pd electrode reached the highest initial deuterium absorption, DlPd=0.89, and the highest M aximum DlPd, 0.89, during electrolysis. Except single crystal one of high purity, more than 99 .99%, Pd electrodes annealed at 850C reached the highest DlPd, 0.87. And this electrodes showed excess heat of 13 % of input power.
The results of metallographical examinations of Pd electrodes after electrolysis suggest that the electrodes of high purity, annealed at 850C , and machined & etched to remove surface defects will be preferable to reach higher DlPd.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=254
First Author: Hoffman, N.
2128. Holst-Hansen, P. and D. Britz, Can current fluctuations account for the excess heat claims of Fleischmann and Pons? J. Electroanal. Chem., 1995. 388: p. 11.
First Author: Holst-Hansen, P.
2129. Hu, C.C. and T.C. Wen, Effect of pH and anion on hydrogen sorption/desorption at/within oxide-derived Pd electrodes. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1995. 142(5): p. 1376.
First Author: Hu, C. C.
2130. Iida, T., Deuteron fusion experiments with some foils implanted with deuteron beams. Genshikaku Kenkyu, 1995. 40(5): p. 77.
First Author: Iida, T.
2131. Indech, R. and R. Karshenboym. Optimization of Output in a Cold Fusion Generator. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
First Author: Indech, R.
Progress has been made in the production of excess heat from a cold fusion generator based upon the combination of deuterium ions within a metallic matrix. Drawing from fundamental considerations, this paper identifies for optimization those quantities and methods which would tend to increase the heat production. An analogy to hot fusion is presented, followed by theory of the PONS cell. Methods to increase fusion output are introduced with a detailed theoretical analysis of the effective kinetic temperature generated for deuterium ion under an electric field in a porous material.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceedinga.pdf#page=170
First Author: Isagawa, S.
A burst-like excess heat release, equivalent to 1 10% of the input electric power, was clearly observed for the fIrst time in our newly built open type electrolysis cell using Pd/0.1 M LiOD/Pt. After being precharged, the cell was driven to boiling three times the last of which continued for about 1 6 hours to almost dryness. The burst occurred just during the calm period about 6 hours after the fIrst boiling. The temperature of the cell, about 100 ml in volume, increased by 7.5 K in 13 minutes . A palladium cathode, 2mmq, x 7.0Smm, was a heat s ource, although the mechanism of the heat generation is still uncertain. During the whole period of this run, however, the phenomenon took place only once. Neither increase of neutron emission nor that of tritium concentration has been detected. Mass analysis showed that any traces of D2 as well as 4He have not remained in the Pd s ample u sed. Detection of gamma ray emission as well as 3He and 4He in off gas during or just after release of excess power should be yet to be pursued further.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=141
First Author: Itoh, T.
Gas release experiments with a method of heating highly deuterated palladium metals (DlPd=O.7 - 0.83) in a vacuum chamber to induce anomalous nuclear effects have been performed. Neutron emission and X-ray emission were observed in some cases, and DT gas breeding with high reproducibility. DT gas breeding was correlative with
DlPd and degassing rate of deuterium gas. It shows that anomalous nuclear effects are related to DlPd and diffusion process of deuterium atoms in palladium metals.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=207
First Author: Iwamura, Y.
Characteristic x-ray and neutron emissions have been observed during electrochemical loading of deuterium i nto pal ladium metal . It shows that anomalous phenomena occur i n deuteri um-palladium system as shown in our previous paper and the others on cold fusion.
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/PonsSproceeding.pdf#page=215
First Author: Jaeger, F. G.
The bigg est impediment to commercial development today is lack of widespread demonstration devices and firm scientific understanding of the mechanism or mechanisms responsible for variously reported cold fusion and enhanced energy effects. With scientific understanding, the possibility of commercial amplification and replication could rapidly occur, which would quickly spawn a wide variety of initial commercial products.