{"id":463,"date":"2012-02-28T21:12:52","date_gmt":"2012-02-29T02:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/?page_id=463"},"modified":"2024-02-05T19:22:55","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T00:22:55","slug":"barc-studies-in-cold-fusion","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/?page_id=463","title":{"rendered":"BARC Studies In Cold Fusion"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)\u00a0in Trombay is India’s premier nuclear research center, “with expertise covering the entire spectrum of Nuclear Science and Engineering and related areas” (http:\/\/www.barc.gov.in\/<\/a>). From 1989 through 1994, some of the best cold fusion research ever published was performed at BARC, under the leadership of the Center’s director Dr. P. K. Iyengar. In December 1989, as the first round of experiments was completed, the center published a book: Iyengar, P.K. and M. Srinivasan,\u00a0BARC Studies In Cold Fusion, BARC-1500<\/em>. 1989, Government of India, Atomic Energy Commission: Bombay.<\/p>\n

The LENR-CANR.org library includes several papers from the book, as well as papers published by BARC researchers elsewhere.<\/p>\n

Dr. Iyengar later went on to became the Chairman of India’s Atomic Energy Commission. Unfortunately, after he left BARC, and Dr. Srinivasan and others retired, conservative scientists who opposed cold fusion brought the research to an end.<\/p>\n

However,\u00a0a\u00a0dramatic\u00a0turnaround\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0underway\u00a0in\u00a0early\u00a02008. A discussion meeting was held at the National Insitute of Advanced Studies (NIAS) in Bangalore, on January 9, 2008. Mahadeva Srinivasan reports that many senior scientists “gathered to take stock of the status of cold fusion” at this meeting, and: “The meeting concluded on a very positive note resolving to send a formal recommendation to the office of the Chief Scientific Advisor to the cabinet in Delhi, namely Dr. R. Chidambaram that cold fusion research be funded adequately.”<\/p>\n

NatureINDIA published an on-line article describing the NIAS meeting by K. S. Jayaraman, “Cold fusion hot again<\/a>.” The article quotes P. K. Iyengar: “‘We did great injustice to the country by stopping the research that was going on at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre BARC),’ Padmanabha Krishnagopala Iyengar, considered the father of cold fusion in India, told Nature India . Iyengar, former director of BARC, who could not attend the meeting, said on phone that India had lost out 15 years by this wrong move but even now ‘it is not too late to revive it.'” The meeting was also described by M. Srinivsan in Current Science, “Meeting Report — Energy Concepts for the 21st Century<\/a>.”<\/p>\n

Michael McKubre (SRI) reported that: “The interactions\u00a0 we had with Indian scientists, politicians\u00a0 and businessmen were in\u00a0 every instance and degree more positive and substantive than I had\u00a0 any reason to dream possible.\u00a0. . . India is ready to\u00a0roar!”<\/p>\n

Here is an autoradiograph from BARC. For a larger image and more information see: “A Look At Experiments<\/a>.”<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

A Polaroid autoradiograph from M. Srinivasan, Neutron Physics Division (ret.), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, India. Click for larger image.<\/p><\/div>\n

Informal Overview<\/h3>\n

Here is an informal interview with Srinivasan, conducted by Russ George:\u00a0The Cold Fusion Phenomenon<\/a>. This is an overview and a brief history of research at BARC.<\/p>\n

Papers from\u00a0BARC Studies In Cold Fusion, BARC Report 1500<\/em><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/a>

The cover of the book BARC Studies In Cold Fusion, BARC-1500. Click for larger image.<\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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CONTENTS<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\nPreface\u00a0& Summary<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

A: ELECTROLYTIC CELL EXPERIMENTS<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

A1<\/td>\nCold Fusion Experiments Using a Commercial Pd-Ni Electrolyser<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nM.S. Krishnan, S.K. Malhotra, D.G. Gaonkar, M. Srinivasan, S.K. Sikka, A. Shyam, V. Chitra, T.S. Iyengar and P.K. Iyengar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A2<\/td>\nPreliminary Results of Cold Fusion Studies Using a Five Module High Current Electrolytic Cell<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nM.G. Nayar, SK. Mitra, P. Raghunathan, M.S. Krishnan, S.K. Malhotra, D.G. Gaonkar, S.K. Sikka, A Shyam and V. Chitra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A3<\/td>\nObservation of Cold Fusion in a Ti-SS Electrolytic Cell<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nM.S. Krishnan, S.K. Malhotra, D.G. Gaonkar, M.G. Nayar, A. Shyam and S.K. Sikka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A4<\/td>\nMultiplicity Distribution of Neutron Emission in Cold Fusion Experiments<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nA. Shyam, M. Srinivasan, S.B. Degwekar and L.V. Kulkarni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A5<\/td>\nSearch for Electrochemically Catalysed Fusion of Deuterons in Metal Lattice<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nT.P. Radhakrishnan, R. Sundaresan, J. Arunachalam, V. Sitarama Raju, R. Kalyanaraman, S Gangadharan and P.K. Iyengar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A6<\/td>\nTritium Generation during Electrolysis Experiment<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nT.P. Radhakrishnan, R. Sundaresan, S. Gangadharan, B.K. Sen, T.S. Murthy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A7<\/td>\nWITHDRAWN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A8<\/td>\nVerification Studies in Electrochemically Induced Fusion of Deuterons in Palladium Cathodes<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nH. Bose, L.H. Prabhu, S. Sankarnarayanan, R.S. Shetiya, N. Veeraraghavan, P.V. Joshi, T.S. Murthy, B.K. Sen and K.G.B. Sharma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A9<\/td>\nTritium Analysis of Samples Obtained from Various Electrolysis Experiments at BARC<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nT.S. Murthy, T.S. Iyengar, B.K. Sen and T.B. Joseph<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A10<\/td>\nMaterial Balance of Tritium in the Electrolysis of Heavy Water<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nM.S. Krishnan, S.K. Malhotra and S.K. Sadhukhan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A11<\/td>\nTechnique for Concentration of Helium in Electrolytic Gases for Cold Fusion Studies<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nK. Annaji Rao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

PART B: D2<\/sub>\u00a0GAS LOADING EXPERIMENTS<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

B1<\/td>\nSearch for Nuclear Fusion in Gas Phase Deuteriding of Titanium Metal<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nP. Raj, P. Suryanarayana, A. Sathyamoorthy and T. Datta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B2<\/td>\nDeuteration of Machined Titanium Targets for Cold Fusion Experiments<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nV.K. Shrikande and K.C. Mittal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B3<\/td>\nAutoradiography of Deuterated Ti and Pd Targets for Spatially Resolved Detection of Tritium Produced by Cold Fusion<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nR.K. Rout, M. Srinivasan and A. Shyam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B4<\/td>\nEvidence for Production of Tritium via Cold Fusion Reactions in Deuterium Gas Loaded Palladium<\/a><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nM.S. Krishnan, S.K. Malhotra, D.G. Gaonkar, V.D. Nagvenkar and H.K. Sadhukhan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

PART C: THEORETICAL PAPERS<\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

C1<\/td>\nMaterials Issues in the So-Called ‘Cold Fusion’ Experiments<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nR. Chidambaram and V.C. Sahni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C2<\/td>\nRemarks on Cold Fusion<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nB.A. Dasannacharya and K.R. Rao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C3<\/td>\nThe Role of Combined Electron-Deuteron Screening in D-D Fusion in Metals<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nS.N. Vaidya and Y.S. Mayya<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C4<\/td>\nA Theory of Cold Nuclear Fusion in Deuterium Loaded Palladium<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nSwapan K. Ghosh, H.K. Saidhukhan and Ashish K. Dhara<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C5<\/td>\nFracture Phenomena in Crystalline Solids: A Brief Review in the Context of Cold Fusion<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nT.C. Kaushik, M. Srinivasan and A. Shyam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nAcknowledgement<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Other papers by authors from BARC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Chindarkar, A.R., et al.,\u00a0Observation of Anomalous Emissions of High Energy (=1 MeV) Charged Particles When 5 keV Protons Impinge on Palladium and Titanium Foils<\/em>. Trans. Fusion Technol., 1994.\u00a026<\/strong>(4T): p. 197.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Degweker, S.B. and M. Srinivasan,\u00a0A simple dead time method for measuring the fraction of bunched neutronic emission in cold fusion experiments<\/em>. Ann. Nucl. Energy, 1990.\u00a017<\/strong>: p. 583.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Garg, A.B., et al.\u00a0Protocol for Controlled and Rapid Loading\/Unloading of H2\/D2 Gas in Self Heated Pd Wires to Trigger Nuclear Events<\/em>. in\u00a05th International Conference on Cold Fusion<\/em>. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iyengar, P.K.\u00a0Cold Fusion Results in BARC Experiments<\/a><\/em>. in\u00a0Fifth International Conf. on Emerging Nucl. Energy Ststems<\/em>. 1989. Karlsruhe, Germany.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iyengar, P.K. and M. Srinivasan.\u00a0Overview of BARC Studies in Cold Fusion<\/em><\/a>. in\u00a0The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion<\/em>. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Iyengar, P.K., et al.,\u00a0Bhabha Atomic Research Centre studies on cold fusion<\/em><\/a>. Fusion Technol., 1990. 18: p. 32.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaushik, T.C., et al.,\u00a0Preliminary report on direct measurement of tritium in liquid nitrogen treated TiDx chips<\/em>. Indian J. Technol., 1990.\u00a028<\/strong>: p. 667.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kaushik, T.C., et al.,\u00a0Experimental investigations on neutron emission from projectile-impacted deuterated solids.<\/em>\u00a0Phys. Lett. A, 1997.\u00a0232<\/strong>: p. 384.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ramamurthy, H., et al.\u00a0Further Studies on Excess Heat Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells<\/em>. in\u00a0Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion<\/em>. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ray, M.K.S., et al.,\u00a0The Fleischmann-Pons phenomenon – a different perspective.<\/em>\u00a0Fusion Technol., 1992.\u00a022<\/strong>: p. 395.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rout, R.K., et al.,\u00a0Copious low energy emissions from palladium loaded with hydrogen or deuterium<\/a>.<\/em>\u00a0Indian J. Technol., 1991.\u00a029<\/strong>: p. 571.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rout, R.K., et al.,\u00a0Detection of high tritium activity on the central titanium electrode of a plasma focus device<\/a>.<\/em>\u00a0Fusion Technol., 1991.\u00a019<\/strong>: p. 391.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rout, R.K., et al.\u00a0Phenomenon of Low Energy Emission from Hydrogen\/Deuterium Loaded Palladium<\/a><\/em>. in\u00a0Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, “Frontiers of Cold Fusion”<\/em>. 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rout, R.K., et al.,\u00a0Update on observation of low-energy emissions from deuterated and hydrated palladium<\/a>.<\/em>\u00a0Indian J. Technol., 1993.\u00a031<\/strong>: p. 551.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rout, R.K., et al.,\u00a0Reproducible, anomalous emissions from palladium deuteride\/hydride<\/a>.<\/em>\u00a0Fusion Technol., 1996.\u00a030<\/strong>: p. 273.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sankaranarayanan, M., et al.\u00a0Investigation of Low Level Tritium Generation in Ni-H2O Electrolytic Cells<\/em><\/a>. in\u00a0ICCF4, Fourth International Conference on Cold Fusion<\/em>. 1993. Lahaina, Maui: Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94304.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sankaranarayanan, T.K., et al.\u00a0Evidence for Tritium Generation in Self-Heated Nickel Wires Subjected to Hydrogen Gas Absorption\/Desorption Cycles<\/a>.<\/em>\u00a0in\u00a05th International Conference on Cold Fusion<\/em>. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Sankaranarayanan, T.K., et al.,\u00a0Investigation of low-level tritium generation in Ni-H2O electrolytic cells<\/em><\/a>. Fusion Technol., 1996.\u00a030<\/strong>: p. 349.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shrikhande, V.K., et al.\u00a0Preliminary Results on the Variation of Electrical Resistance of TiDx Wire With Deuterium Concentration<\/em><\/a>. in\u00a05th International Conference on Cold Fusion<\/em>. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shyam, A., et al.\u00a0Observation of High Multiplicity Bursts of Neutrons During Electrolysis of Heavy Water with Palladium Cathode Using the Dead-Time Filtering Technique<\/a><\/em>. in 5th International Conference on Cold Fusion. 1995. Monte-Carlo, Monaco: IMRA Europe, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Srinivasan, M., et al.\u00a0Statistical Analysis of Neutron Emission in Cold Fusion Experiments<\/a><\/em>. in\u00a0The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion<\/em>. 1990. University of Utah Research Park, Salt Lake City, Utah: National Cold Fusion Institute.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Srinivasan, M., et al.\u00a0Observation of Tritium in Gas\/Plasma Loaded Titanium Samples<\/em>. in\u00a0Anomalous Nuclear Effects in Deuterium\/Solid Systems, “AIP Conference Proceedings 228”<\/em>. 1990. Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT: American Institute of Physics, New York.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Srinivasan, M.,\u00a0Nuclear fusion in an atomic lattice: An update on the international status of cold fusion research<\/a><\/em>. Curr. Sci., 1991. 60: p. 417.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Srinivasan, M., et al.\u00a0Tritium and Excess Heat Generation During Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions of Alkali Salts With Nickel Cathode<\/em><\/a>. in\u00a0Third International Conference on Cold Fusion, “Frontiers of Cold Fusion”<\/em>. 1992. Nagoya Japan: Universal Academy Press, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)\u00a0in Trombay is India’s premier nuclear research center, “with expertise covering the entire spectrum of Nuclear Science and Engineering and related areas” (http:\/\/www.barc.gov.in\/). From 1989 through 1994, some of the best cold fusion research ever published was performed at BARC, under the leadership of the Center’s director Dr. P. K. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":323,"menu_order":44,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-463","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=463"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/463\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lenr-canr.org\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}