ICCF Conference Proceedings continued (from ICCF16)

Starting with ICCF-16, proceedings were published on line in J. Condensed Matter Nuc. Sci. (JCMNS). Individual papers are listed in the indexes below, and in the JCMNS index.

ICCF-16 February 2011. Published in JCMNS Vol. 8. Index ICCF-16 continues in JCMNS Vol. 10. Index

ICCF-17 August 2012, Published in JCMNS Vol. 13. Index

ICCF-18 August 2012, Published in JCMNS Vol. 15. Index

ICCF-19 April 2015, Published in JCMNS Vol. 19. Index

ICCF-20 October 2016, Published in JCMNS Vol. 24. Index

ICCF-21 June 2018, Published in JCMNS Vol. 29. Index

ICCF-22 September 2019, Published in JCMNS Vol. 33. Index

ICCF-23 June 2021, Published in JCMNS Vol. 36. Index

ICCF-24 July 2022, Published in JCMNS Vol. 38. Index

ICCF-16 Proceedings in JCMNS 8

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
648	Cardone, F.	Cardone, F., Petrucci, A., Mignani, R.	2012	Piezonuclear Neutrons from Iron	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	We report the results of neutron measurements carried out during the application of ultrasounds to bars of iron and Steel. Like in our previous similar works with cavitated solutions of iron, neutrons were emitted in bursts and the spectrum of this peculiar emission was measured for the first time. A further and very interesting outcome of these experiments was the unexpected appearance of circular, macroscopical and regular damages on the lateral surface of the bars which was not directly in contact with the sonotrode. The superficial elemental micro-analysis on these spots showed some interesting and macroscopic departures of the concentration of chemical elements from that of the undamaged surface, which may suggest that, along with the emission of neutrons, some transmutations occurred as well.	Iron bars, Neutron spectrum, Nuclear transmutations, Piezonuclear reactions, Ultrasounds	Cardone, F., Petrucci, A., Mignani, R. 2012 Piezonuclear Neutrons from Iron J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. We report the results of neutron measurements carried out during the application of ultrasounds to bars of iron and Steel. Like in our previous similar works with cavitated solutions of iron, neutrons were emitted in bursts and the spectrum of this peculiar emission was measured for the first time. A further and very interesting outcome of these experiments was the unexpected appearance of circular, macroscopical and regular damages on the lateral surface of the bars which was not directly in contact with the sonotrode. The superficial elemental micro-analysis on these spots showed some interesting and macroscopic departures of the concentration of chemical elements from that of the undamaged surface, which may suggest that, along with the emission of neutrons, some transmutations occurred as well. Iron bars, Neutron spectrum, Nuclear transmutations, Piezonuclear reactions, Ultrasounds
672	Castagna, E.	Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Sansovini, M., Sarto, F., Violante, V.	2012	Correlation Between Surface Properties and Anomalous Effects in F&P Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	The reproducibility of anomalous excess heat production during electro-chemical deuterium permeation of Pd cathodes has been recently observed1 to be strongly correlated with the palladium surface properties (easy loading at low current, crystal grain distribution, crystallographic orientation, and surface morphology). The understanding of the physical mechanism that is responsible for such observed correlation is very challenging and it is complicated further by the fact that the different features are not, in principle, independent each from the other. In this work, the experimental results concerning the correlation of the excess heat production with the cathode surface properties are reviewed and some possible connections of the observed effects with the deuterium kinetics inside the palladium and the electromagnetic interactions at the metal/electrolyte interface are discussed.	Atomic force microscopes, Electron states at surfaces and interfaces, Optical properties of surfaces	Castagna, E., Lecci, S., Sansovini, M., Sarto, F., Violante, V. 2012 Correlation Between Surface Properties and Anomalous Effects in F&P Experiments J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The reproducibility of anomalous excess heat production during electro-chemical deuterium permeation of Pd cathodes has been recently observed1 to be strongly correlated with the palladium surface properties (easy loading at low current, crystal grain distribution, crystallographic orientation, and surface morphology). The understanding of the physical mechanism that is responsible for such observed correlation is very challenging and it is complicated further by the fact that the different features are not, in principle, independent each from the other. In this work, the experimental results concerning the correlation of the excess heat production with the cathode surface properties are reviewed and some possible connections of the observed effects with the deuterium kinetics inside the palladium and the electromagnetic interactions at the metal/electrolyte interface are discussed. Atomic force microscopes, Electron states at surfaces and interfaces, Optical properties of surfaces
1,107	Dmitriyeva, O.	Dmitriyeva, O., Cantwell, R., McConnell, M.	2012	Mechanisms for Heat Generation during Deuterium and Hydrogen Loading of Palladium Nanostructures	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	Our group has confirmed excess heat production and isotope effects in alumina and zeolite powders containing highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles. Varying the pressures and loading rates produced correlations between the exothermic and endothermic aspects of the experiments. It was shown that the generated power is proportional to the pressurization rate times a quantity Φ, which is the energy content of what we called "fuel". There are two types of fuels, both of which can trigger the reaction that can be either exothermic or endothermic depending on the gas used in the experiment (deuterium or hydrogen). Observed heat generation during the pressurization phase is most likely of a chemical nature.	Excess heat, Gas-loading, Isotope effect, Nanoparticles, Palladium	Dmitriyeva, O., Cantwell, R., McConnell, M. 2012 Mechanisms for Heat Generation during Deuterium and Hydrogen Loading of Palladium Nanostructures J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Our group has confirmed excess heat production and isotope effects in alumina and zeolite powders containing highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles. Varying the pressures and loading rates produced correlations between the exothermic and endothermic aspects of the experiments. It was shown that the generated power is proportional to the pressurization rate times a quantity Φ, which is the energy content of what we called "fuel". There are two types of fuels, both of which can trigger the reaction that can be either exothermic or endothermic depending on the gas used in the experiment (deuterium or hydrogen). Observed heat generation during the pressurization phase is most likely of a chemical nature. Excess heat, Gas-loading, Isotope effect, Nanoparticles, Palladium
1,121	Dominguez, D. D.	Dominguez, D. D., Kidwell, D., Knies, D., Grabowski, K. S., Hubler, G. K., He, J., Violante, V.	2012	Are Oxide Interfaces Necessary in Fleischmann-Pons-type Experiments?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	The generation of excess power in a palladium deuteride electrochemical system is often difficult and time consuming. Long incubation times, on the order of weeks or months, are necessary presumably for the basic electrolyte to dissolve and redeposit essential impurities onto the cathode surface. To accelerate this process, we added chemical additives to the electrolyte once the palladium was loaded with deuterium. Chemicals that produce oxide interfaces on the palladium surface seemed to occasionally produce apparent excess power. A single Pd90Rh10 cathode generated a total apparent excess energy on the order of 10 kJ after a series of additions in an experiment that only took one week. The results are encouraging and may lead to an understanding of what triggers excess power production in Fleischmann-Pons-type experiments. A hypothetical model describing the possible role of oxide interfaces is described.	Chemical additives, Deuterated palladium cathodes, Electrochemical, Excess power	Dominguez, D. D., Kidwell, D., Knies, D., Grabowski, K. S., Hubler, G. K., He, J., Violante, V. 2012 Are Oxide Interfaces Necessary in Fleischmann-Pons-type Experiments? J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The generation of excess power in a palladium deuteride electrochemical system is often difficult and time consuming. Long incubation times, on the order of weeks or months, are necessary presumably for the basic electrolyte to dissolve and redeposit essential impurities onto the cathode surface. To accelerate this process, we added chemical additives to the electrolyte once the palladium was loaded with deuterium. Chemicals that produce oxide interfaces on the palladium surface seemed to occasionally produce apparent excess power. A single Pd90Rh10 cathode generated a total apparent excess energy on the order of 10 kJ after a series of additions in an experiment that only took one week. The results are encouraging and may lead to an understanding of what triggers excess power production in Fleischmann-Pons-type experiments. A hypothetical model describing the possible role of oxide interfaces is described. Chemical additives, Deuterated palladium cathodes, Electrochemical, Excess power
1,170	Dufour, J.	Dufour, J.	2012	Nuclear Signatures to be Expected from Rossi Energy Amplifier	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	The nuclear signatures that can be expected when contacting hydrogen with fine nickel powders are derived from thermal results recently obtained (Rossi energy amplifier). The initiation of the reactions (either by proton or neutron capture) is not discussed and considered as true. Proposals are made to check the process either by radiation emission measurements or by elemental analysis (ICP-MS)	Energy production, Hydrogen, Nickel, Nuclear reaction, Radiations	Dufour, J. 2012 Nuclear Signatures to be Expected from Rossi Energy Amplifier J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The nuclear signatures that can be expected when contacting hydrogen with fine nickel powders are derived from thermal results recently obtained (Rossi energy amplifier). The initiation of the reactions (either by proton or neutron capture) is not discussed and considered as true. Proposals are made to check the process either by radiation emission measurements or by elemental analysis (ICP-MS) Energy production, Hydrogen, Nickel, Nuclear reaction, Radiations
1,387	Frisone, F.	Frisone, F.	2012	Nuclear Exothermic Reactions in Lattices Pd: A Theoretical Study of d-d Reaction	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the Coulomb barrier has variations in both time and space. Further, in this paper, we have taken the interaction between deuteron-optical photons, we want to clarify this point, of course, these photons have a vibrational frequency of interest because it was discovered that the interaction between photons and deuterons causes the Coulomb barrier is not static, that has of oscillations in different directions within the lattice. So we can conclude that this phenomenon of cold fusion that breaks new ground in modern nuclear physics. In recent years, over 20 years, have seen thousands of experiments and theoretical models to explain the phenomenon of fusion at low energy (LENR) in specialized heavy hydrogen systems. We can say that a new possible way to obtain nuclear energy without waste is emerging. Nevertheless in spite of experimental contributions, the theoretical framework is not known. In this work, we try to explain the deuteron-deuteron reactions within palladium lattice by means of the coherence theory of nuclear and condensed matter. The coherence model of condensed matter affirms that within a deuteron-loaded palladium lattice there are three different plasmas: electrons, ions and deuterons plasma. Then, according to the loading percentage x = D/Pd, the ions deuterium can take place on the octahedrical sites or in the tetrahedral in the (1,0,0)-plane. In the coherence theory it is called ?-plasma the deuterons plasma in the octahedral site and ? -plasma which in tetrahedral. We propose a general model of effective local time-dependent deuteron-deuteron potential, that takes into account the electrons and ions plasma oscillations. The main features of this potential are extracted by means of many-body theory considering the interaction deuteron-phonon-deuteron. In fact the phonon exchange produces a attractive component between two deuteron within the D2 molecular. This attractive force is able to reduce the inter-nuclear distance from about 0.7 to 0.16 ?. It means that the lattice strongly modifies the nuclear environment with respect to free space. In this way according to deuterons energy, loading percentage and plasma frequency we are able to predict high o low tunneling probability. The fusion rates (s-1) computed vary from 10^-70 to 10^-17 and also a set of other mechanism, which could be enhanced these values, are proposed. In this way we hope that by means of this approach in the future will be possible to realize and control the nuclear exothermic reactions that take place in the condensed matter in order to obtain clean energy.	Cold fusion, Coulomb barrier, d-d Reactions, Many body	Frisone, F. 2012 Nuclear Exothermic Reactions in Lattices Pd: A Theoretical Study of d-d Reaction J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the Coulomb barrier has variations in both time and space. Further, in this paper, we have taken the interaction between deuteron-optical photons, we want to clarify this point, of course, these photons have a vibrational frequency of interest because it was discovered that the interaction between photons and deuterons causes the Coulomb barrier is not static, that has of oscillations in different directions within the lattice. So we can conclude that this phenomenon of cold fusion that breaks new ground in modern nuclear physics. In recent years, over 20 years, have seen thousands of experiments and theoretical models to explain the phenomenon of fusion at low energy (LENR) in specialized heavy hydrogen systems. We can say that a new possible way to obtain nuclear energy without waste is emerging. Nevertheless in spite of experimental contributions, the theoretical framework is not known. In this work, we try to explain the deuteron-deuteron reactions within palladium lattice by means of the coherence theory of nuclear and condensed matter. The coherence model of condensed matter affirms that within a deuteron-loaded palladium lattice there are three different plasmas: electrons, ions and deuterons plasma. Then, according to the loading percentage x = D/Pd, the ions deuterium can take place on the octahedrical sites or in the tetrahedral in the (1,0,0)-plane. In the coherence theory it is called ?-plasma the deuterons plasma in the octahedral site and ? -plasma which in tetrahedral. We propose a general model of effective local time-dependent deuteron-deuteron potential, that takes into account the electrons and ions plasma oscillations. The main features of this potential are extracted by means of many-body theory considering the interaction deuteron-phonon-deuteron. In fact the phonon exchange produces a attractive component between two deuteron within the D2 molecular. This attractive force is able to reduce the inter-nuclear distance from about 0.7 to 0.16 ?. It means that the lattice strongly modifies the nuclear environment with respect to free space. In this way according to deuterons energy, loading percentage and plasma frequency we are able to predict high o low tunneling probability. The fusion rates (s-1) computed vary from 10^-70 to 10^-17 and also a set of other mechanism, which could be enhanced these values, are proposed. In this way we hope that by means of this approach in the future will be possible to realize and control the nuclear exothermic reactions that take place in the condensed matter in order to obtain clean energy. Cold fusion, Coulomb barrier, d-d Reactions, Many body
2,032	Karabut, A. B.	Karabut, A. B., Karabut, E. A.	2012	Experimental Results on Excess Power, Impurity Nuclides, and X-ray Production in Experiments with a High-voltage Electric Discharge System	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	We review results on low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) processes in a high-voltage (1000-4000 V) electric discharge system. The experimental results are divided into three sets: excess heat measurements; yield of impurity nuclides (nuclear ash); X-ray measurements. Up to 8Wof excess power was observed, with a power gain of up to 170% was seen in glow discharge experiments. Up to 300 W of excess power, with a power gain up to 340% was observed in experiments using a high voltage electrolysis cell. The impurity nuclide yield showing a shift of up to a few per cent from natural isotopic abundances was detected by spark mass spectrometry, by secondary ionic mass spectrometry, and by secondary neutral mass spectrometry. X-ray emission in the range of 0.6-6.0 keV, and up to 0.1 W/cm2 has been observed. Based on these experimental results we propose a phenomenological model for LENR based on the interaction of an electric discharge with condensed matter (of the cathode).	Electrolysis, Excess heat, Impurity nuclides	Karabut, A. B., Karabut, E. A. 2012 Experimental Results on Excess Power, Impurity Nuclides, and X-ray Production in Experiments with a High-voltage Electric Discharge System J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. We review results on low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) processes in a high-voltage (1000-4000 V) electric discharge system. The experimental results are divided into three sets: excess heat measurements; yield of impurity nuclides (nuclear ash); X-ray measurements. Up to 8Wof excess power was observed, with a power gain of up to 170% was seen in glow discharge experiments. Up to 300 W of excess power, with a power gain up to 340% was observed in experiments using a high voltage electrolysis cell. The impurity nuclide yield showing a shift of up to a few per cent from natural isotopic abundances was detected by spark mass spectrometry, by secondary ionic mass spectrometry, and by secondary neutral mass spectrometry. X-ray emission in the range of 0.6-6.0 keV, and up to 0.1 W/cm2 has been observed. Based on these experimental results we propose a phenomenological model for LENR based on the interaction of an electric discharge with condensed matter (of the cathode). Electrolysis, Excess heat, Impurity nuclides
2,033	Karabut, A. B.	Karabut, A. B., Karabut, E. A.	2012	Research into Excited 0.6-6.0 keV Energy Levels in the Cathode Solid Medium of Glow Discharge by X-ray Spectra Emission	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	The results of X-ray spectra registration are presented. The X-ray spectra were registered in film using a curved mica crystal X-ray spectrometer. The experiments were carried out using a high-current glow discharge device, which consisted of a water-cooling chamber, water-cooling cathode and anode units. X-ray emission was detected through a diagnostic window placed above the cathode. The discharge was performed in H2, D2, Ar, Kr and Xe at pressure ranging from 1 to 5 Torr, using cathode samples made of Al, Sc, V, Ti, Ni, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ta, and W. Current ranged from 50 up to 300 mA and discharge voltage was 1500-4300 V. A pulse-periodical power supply was used to generate the glow discharge. The X-ray spectrum were registered both as bands of the continuum with energies ranging 0.6-10.0 keV and as spots resulting from the emission of series of high-density monoenergetic X-ray beams (with energies of 0.6-10.0 keV) characterized by small angular divergence. The X-ray spectra were repeatedly recorded during the Glow Discharge operation and after the Glow Discharge current switch off (for up to 20 h afterwards). The obtained results were direct experimental evidence of excited long living energy levels with the energy of 0.6-6.0 keV in the solid cathode sample.	Cathode, Glow discharge, X-ray spectra	Karabut, A. B., Karabut, E. A. 2012 Research into Excited 0.6-6.0 keV Energy Levels in the Cathode Solid Medium of Glow Discharge by X-ray Spectra Emission J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The results of X-ray spectra registration are presented. The X-ray spectra were registered in film using a curved mica crystal X-ray spectrometer. The experiments were carried out using a high-current glow discharge device, which consisted of a water-cooling chamber, water-cooling cathode and anode units. X-ray emission was detected through a diagnostic window placed above the cathode. The discharge was performed in H2, D2, Ar, Kr and Xe at pressure ranging from 1 to 5 Torr, using cathode samples made of Al, Sc, V, Ti, Ni, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ta, and W. Current ranged from 50 up to 300 mA and discharge voltage was 1500-4300 V. A pulse-periodical power supply was used to generate the glow discharge. The X-ray spectrum were registered both as bands of the continuum with energies ranging 0.6-10.0 keV and as spots resulting from the emission of series of high-density monoenergetic X-ray beams (with energies of 0.6-10.0 keV) characterized by small angular divergence. The X-ray spectra were repeatedly recorded during the Glow Discharge operation and after the Glow Discharge current switch off (for up to 20 h afterwards). The obtained results were direct experimental evidence of excited long living energy levels with the energy of 0.6-6.0 keV in the solid cathode sample. Cathode, Glow discharge, X-ray spectra
2,080	Kidwell, D.	Kidwell, D., Imam, M. A., Dominguez, D. D.	2012	Fabrication, Characterization, and Evaluation of Excess Heat in Zirconium-Nickel-Palladium Alloys	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	Prior gas loading experiments of Zirconium-Nickel-Palladium alloys have been reported to generate a greater amount of heat with deuterium than with hydrogen. What is intriguing about these experiments was the long-term heat observed. Others, using commercial materials of similar composition, have been unable to observe long-term heat. We also have been unable to observe long-term heat in the commercial materials and materials prepared at NRL. Furthermore, when tested using our gas-loading protocol of measuring both the heat during pressurization and evacuation, these alloys do not show much, if any, excess heat and the majority of the heat observed can be attributed to chemistry.	Excess heat, Gas loading, LENR, Melt-spinning, Nanoparticles	Kidwell, D., Imam, M. A., Dominguez, D. D. 2012 Fabrication, Characterization, and Evaluation of Excess Heat in Zirconium-Nickel-Palladium Alloys J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Prior gas loading experiments of Zirconium-Nickel-Palladium alloys have been reported to generate a greater amount of heat with deuterium than with hydrogen. What is intriguing about these experiments was the long-term heat observed. Others, using commercial materials of similar composition, have been unable to observe long-term heat. We also have been unable to observe long-term heat in the commercial materials and materials prepared at NRL. Furthermore, when tested using our gas-loading protocol of measuring both the heat during pressurization and evacuation, these alloys do not show much, if any, excess heat and the majority of the heat observed can be attributed to chemistry. Excess heat, Gas loading, LENR, Melt-spinning, Nanoparticles
2,801	McKubre, M. C. H.	McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L.	2012	What is needed in LENR/FPE studies?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	8	2012-09-21	ICCF16 marks nearly 22 years of research into the phenomenon first called "cold fusion". This newfield has expanded in breadth to the point that numerous acronyms compete to describe overlapping effects. Two of these are: LENR(LowEnergy Nuclear Reactions) and its subset FPE (the Fleischmann Pons Effect). Research to elucidate the basic processes and shed light on mechanisms has proceeded effectively continuously since March 1989 at SRI and elsewhere, and diligently and as "time and funds" have allowed at numerous other accomplished institutions worldwide. It is now clear to a well-informed but relatively small group of scientifically interested individuals that the deuterium-palladium systems conceals a heat source with energy exceeding by several orders of magnitude mechanical, lattice storage or chemical energy effects. Evidences of possible dd fusion products have been widely and numerously observed, at least partially ratifying the original speculative designation of "cold fusion". The effect, however, is apparently not limited to deuterium as a fuel, to helium as a product or to palladium as a matrix, hence the classification of the field as Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS) to differentiate these "new" effects from those observed in the rarified environments of particle and plasma physics. The materials-related issues associated with the so-called irreproducibility of CMNS effects presents the greatest barrier to the advancement and acceptance of the field. Precisely because we are dealing with condensed matter, micro-structural and micro-impurity control is difficult and expensive, requiring specialized equipment, control and skill. Problems of similar scale (and origin) have been faced and overcome in the past in the development of technologies having similar significance for mankind. Two (of many) examples are: the development of solid-state semiconductors; implementation of conventional nuclear power (and weapons). Absent another Bell Labs or Manhattan Project how should the CMNS field best proceed? Several overlapping options will be discussed. It is well within the capability of "mainstream" scientists and engineers in academia, and in national and private laboratories to resolve the materials issues and the questions of whether or not specific products are or are not present. Without funding they will not be encouraged to do so; without (a higher degree of) acceptance, adequate funding will not be made available. This paper will address various options and strategies to surmount this logical dilemma.	Calorimetry, Cold fusion, Deuterium, Electrochemistry, Excess heat, Helium, Palladium	McKubre, M. C. H., Tanzella, F. L. 2012 What is needed in LENR/FPE studies? J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. ICCF16 marks nearly 22 years of research into the phenomenon first called "cold fusion". This newfield has expanded in breadth to the point that numerous acronyms compete to describe overlapping effects. Two of these are: LENR(LowEnergy Nuclear Reactions) and its subset FPE (the Fleischmann Pons Effect). Research to elucidate the basic processes and shed light on mechanisms has proceeded effectively continuously since March 1989 at SRI and elsewhere, and diligently and as "time and funds" have allowed at numerous other accomplished institutions worldwide. It is now clear to a well-informed but relatively small group of scientifically interested individuals that the deuterium-palladium systems conceals a heat source with energy exceeding by several orders of magnitude mechanical, lattice storage or chemical energy effects. Evidences of possible dd fusion products have been widely and numerously observed, at least partially ratifying the original speculative designation of "cold fusion". The effect, however, is apparently not limited to deuterium as a fuel, to helium as a product or to palladium as a matrix, hence the classification of the field as Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS) to differentiate these "new" effects from those observed in the rarified environments of particle and plasma physics. The materials-related issues associated with the so-called irreproducibility of CMNS effects presents the greatest barrier to the advancement and acceptance of the field. Precisely because we are dealing with condensed matter, micro-structural and micro-impurity control is difficult and expensive, requiring specialized equipment, control and skill. Problems of similar scale (and origin) have been faced and overcome in the past in the development of technologies having similar significance for mankind. Two (of many) examples are: the development of solid-state semiconductors; implementation of conventional nuclear power (and weapons). Absent another Bell Labs or Manhattan Project how should the CMNS field best proceed? Several overlapping options will be discussed. It is well within the capability of "mainstream" scientists and engineers in academia, and in national and private laboratories to resolve the materials issues and the questions of whether or not specific products are or are not present. Without funding they will not be encouraged to do so; without (a higher degree of) acceptance, adequate funding will not be made available. This paper will address various options and strategies to surmount this logical dilemma. Calorimetry, Cold fusion, Deuterium, Electrochemistry, Excess heat, Helium, Palladium

ICCF-16 Proceedings continued in JCMNS 10

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
1,171	Dufour, J.	Dufour, J.	2013	An Introduction to the Pico-chemistry Working Hypothesis	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	10	2014-01-24	The nuclear signatures that can be expected when contacting hydrogen with nickel were derived from thermal results recently obtained (Rossi energy amplifier), using the type of reaction paths proposed as the explanation of the energy produced. The consequences of either proton or neutron capture have been studied. It was shown that these consequences are not in line with the experimental observations. A novel tentative explanation is thus described. Should this explanation be true? It is proposed to call pico-chemistry the novel field thus opened.	Enthalpy of formation, Hydrogen, Nickel, Nickel hydride, Nickel pico-hydride	Dufour, J. 2013 An Introduction to the Pico-chemistry Working Hypothesis J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The nuclear signatures that can be expected when contacting hydrogen with nickel were derived from thermal results recently obtained (Rossi energy amplifier), using the type of reaction paths proposed as the explanation of the energy produced. The consequences of either proton or neutron capture have been studied. It was shown that these consequences are not in line with the experimental observations. A novel tentative explanation is thus described. Should this explanation be true? It is proposed to call pico-chemistry the novel field thus opened. Enthalpy of formation, Hydrogen, Nickel, Nickel hydride, Nickel pico-hydride
1,877	Iwamura, Y.	Iwamura, Y., Itoh, T., Yamazaki, N., Yonemura, H., Fukutani, K., Sekiba, D.	2013	Recent Advances in Deuterium Permeation Transmutation Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	10	2014-01-24	We have been investigating low-energy nuclear transmutation reactions observed in the nano-structured Pd/CaO multilayer complex induced by deuterium permeation through it. A micro-beam Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) system, by means of a resonant nuclear reaction 1H(15N,alpha gamma )12C, has been developed for the purpose of the 3D mapping of the hydrogen distribution in the Pd multilayer complex. Using this system, we observed hydrogen density of Pd/CaO multilayer is higher than that of normal Pd. Preliminary experimental results were obtained, which suggested that implanted W was transmuted into Os or Pt.	Deuterium, Multilayer, Nano-structure, Permeation, Pd, Transmutation	Iwamura, Y., Itoh, T., Yamazaki, N., Yonemura, H., Fukutani, K., Sekiba, D. 2013 Recent Advances in Deuterium Permeation Transmutation Experiments J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. We have been investigating low-energy nuclear transmutation reactions observed in the nano-structured Pd/CaO multilayer complex induced by deuterium permeation through it. A micro-beam Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) system, by means of a resonant nuclear reaction 1H(15N,alpha gamma )12C, has been developed for the purpose of the 3D mapping of the hydrogen distribution in the Pd multilayer complex. Using this system, we observed hydrogen density of Pd/CaO multilayer is higher than that of normal Pd. Preliminary experimental results were obtained, which suggested that implanted W was transmuted into Os or Pt. Deuterium, Multilayer, Nano-structure, Permeation, Pd, Transmutation
2,843	Meulenberg, A.	Meulenberg, A.	2013	From the Naught Orbit to the 4He Excited State	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	10	2014-01-24	An electron pair (lochon) in a deep hydrogen ?naught' orbit (n = 0) has similarities to muonic hydrogen in that it has a small orbital radius that allows the protons in molecular hydrogen to be very much closer together than is possible in a normal molecule. There are also significant differences between lochon- and muon-catalyzed fusion (e.g., one leads to ?cold' fusion and the other the ?hot' fusion). However, since muon-catalyzed fusion is an accepted phenomenon and Lattice-assisted Nuclear Reaction (LANR) or Low-energy Nuclear Reaction ( LENR) is not, we will examine the similarities and differences in various mechanisms with the fusion of deuterons in mind. We start with the assumption that both solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation are actually real and the one that has here-to-for been rejected correctly identifies a single deep orbit below the n = 1 ground state. (It is generally accepted that, at least for spinless bosons such as the lochon, this solution of the Klein-Gordon equation holds.) We then compare the creation model and characteristics of these two naught orbits with those of the muonic orbits (both atomic and molecular). The similarities lead both naught-orbit and muonic-orbit molecules to fusion. The differences lead the non-relativistic (but >100 MeV excess energy) muon-induced fusion of deuterons to the fragmentation of excited helium nuclei and the relativistic (but <10 eV excess energy) lochon-induced D-D fusion to an excited helium 4He* state that is below these fragmentation levels. The reason for this different response to the respective "tight" orbits is described along with some of the consequences, e.g., electron capture. In addition, internal conversion, a known physical process involving nucleon interaction with atomic electrons, is compared with the Extended Lochon Model to provide a means of de-exciting 4He* without production of energetic particles or radiation.	Electron-capture, Internal-conversion, LENR, Lochon, Muon-catalysis, Naught-orbit	Meulenberg, A. 2013 From the Naught Orbit to the 4He Excited State J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. An electron pair (lochon) in a deep hydrogen ?naught' orbit (n = 0) has similarities to muonic hydrogen in that it has a small orbital radius that allows the protons in molecular hydrogen to be very much closer together than is possible in a normal molecule. There are also significant differences between lochon- and muon-catalyzed fusion (e.g., one leads to ?cold' fusion and the other the ?hot' fusion). However, since muon-catalyzed fusion is an accepted phenomenon and Lattice-assisted Nuclear Reaction (LANR) or Low-energy Nuclear Reaction ( LENR) is not, we will examine the similarities and differences in various mechanisms with the fusion of deuterons in mind. We start with the assumption that both solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation are actually real and the one that has here-to-for been rejected correctly identifies a single deep orbit below the n = 1 ground state. (It is generally accepted that, at least for spinless bosons such as the lochon, this solution of the Klein-Gordon equation holds.) We then compare the creation model and characteristics of these two naught orbits with those of the muonic orbits (both atomic and molecular). The similarities lead both naught-orbit and muonic-orbit molecules to fusion. The differences lead the non-relativistic (but >100 MeV excess energy) muon-induced fusion of deuterons to the fragmentation of excited helium nuclei and the relativistic (but <10 eV excess energy) lochon-induced D-D fusion to an excited helium 4He* state that is below these fragmentation levels. The reason for this different response to the respective "tight" orbits is described along with some of the consequences, e.g., electron capture. In addition, internal conversion, a known physical process involving nucleon interaction with atomic electrons, is compared with the Extended Lochon Model to provide a means of de-exciting 4He* without production of energetic particles or radiation. Electron-capture, Internal-conversion, LENR, Lochon, Muon-catalysis, Naught-orbit
3,001	Miyoshi, Y.	Miyoshi, Y., Sakoh, H., Taniike, A., Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y.	2013	Effect of Forced Oxidation on Hydrogen Isotope Absorption/Adsorption Characteristics of Pd-Ni-Zr Oxide Compounds	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	10	2014-01-24	Deuterium and protium gas absorption/adsorption by 0.1-?m! Pd powder (PP), Pd-black (PB), Pd nano-particles ("10nm!) admixed with ZrO2 (PZ) and Pd?Ni binary nano-particles ("2 nm!) dispersed in ZrO2 holder-flakes (PNZ2B) has been examined. For the PP, the PB and the PZ samples, both the deoxidized samples and those reused without baking process showed essentially the same values of the loading ratio D(H)/Pd, the specific output energy E1 and the hydridation energy QD(H) which are consistent with the published values for bulky samples. For the as-received and oxidized samples both D(H)/Pd and E1 are increasing functions of fineness of the Pd surface, and exceeds 2.0 and 1.5 eV/atom-Pd, respectively, for the PZ sample, giving the hydridation energy larger than the published value of the surface adsorption energy of 0.5 eV for bulky Pd samples. A rather large isotope effect in the differential heat of sorption, "D(H), has sometimes been observed in the 1a-phase characteristic of the oxygen-treated samples. The Pd0.04Ni0.29Zr0.67 oxide composite sample, PNZ2B, has unique properties: Both D(H)/[Pd?Ni] # 3.0 and E1 # 1.4 eV/atom- [Pd?Ni] for the as-received, the oxidized and deoxidized sample runs are very large, while QD(H) = 0.50? 0.1 eV/atom-D(H) for all cases is modest. It is inferred that the Pd atoms act as a catalyst for the hydrogen isotope absorption/adsorption of Ni at room temperature. From the fact that the No. 2 run after the forced deoxidation has essentially the same values of the absorption parameters as those of the No. 1 and No. 3 runs, it is inferred that the surface adsorption potential is made shallower in the PNZ2B sample than in Pd-based samples. The ratio "D/"H is sometimes greater than 1.5, which appears to be suggesting the existence of heat component of nuclear origin.	Anomalous heat, Deuterium absorption, Differential heat of hydrogen uptake, Forced oxidation, Isotope effect	Miyoshi, Y., Sakoh, H., Taniike, A., Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y. 2013 Effect of Forced Oxidation on Hydrogen Isotope Absorption/Adsorption Characteristics of Pd-Ni-Zr Oxide Compounds J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Deuterium and protium gas absorption/adsorption by 0.1-?m! Pd powder (PP), Pd-black (PB), Pd nano-particles ("10nm!) admixed with ZrO2 (PZ) and Pd?Ni binary nano-particles ("2 nm!) dispersed in ZrO2 holder-flakes (PNZ2B) has been examined. For the PP, the PB and the PZ samples, both the deoxidized samples and those reused without baking process showed essentially the same values of the loading ratio D(H)/Pd, the specific output energy E1 and the hydridation energy QD(H) which are consistent with the published values for bulky samples. For the as-received and oxidized samples both D(H)/Pd and E1 are increasing functions of fineness of the Pd surface, and exceeds 2.0 and 1.5 eV/atom-Pd, respectively, for the PZ sample, giving the hydridation energy larger than the published value of the surface adsorption energy of 0.5 eV for bulky Pd samples. A rather large isotope effect in the differential heat of sorption, "D(H), has sometimes been observed in the 1a-phase characteristic of the oxygen-treated samples. The Pd0.04Ni0.29Zr0.67 oxide composite sample, PNZ2B, has unique properties: Both D(H)/[Pd?Ni] # 3.0 and E1 # 1.4 eV/atom- [Pd?Ni] for the as-received, the oxidized and deoxidized sample runs are very large, while QD(H) = 0.50? 0.1 eV/atom-D(H) for all cases is modest. It is inferred that the Pd atoms act as a catalyst for the hydrogen isotope absorption/adsorption of Ni at room temperature. From the fact that the No. 2 run after the forced deoxidation has essentially the same values of the absorption parameters as those of the No. 1 and No. 3 runs, it is inferred that the surface adsorption potential is made shallower in the PNZ2B sample than in Pd-based samples. The ratio "D/"H is sometimes greater than 1.5, which appears to be suggesting the existence of heat component of nuclear origin. Anomalous heat, Deuterium absorption, Differential heat of hydrogen uptake, Forced oxidation, Isotope effect
3,142	Nagel, D. J.	Nagel, D. J.	2013	Characteristics and Energetics of Craters in LENR Experimental Materials	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	10	2014-01-24	Small craters have been observed frequently in the surfaces of cathodes from electrochemical LENR experiments. They are generally 1?100?m in size. The craters vary widely in shape and areal distribution. Two methods were used to determine the energies needed to produce such craters. The resulting energies range from nJ to mJ, depending on the crater size. If craters are caused by LENR, then many nearly simultaneous MeV-level energy releases would have to occur in a very small volume. There are numerous open basic questions regarding the formation and characteristics of craters in LENR cathodes. It remains to be seen if craters will be helpful in understanding the origin and nature of LENR. But already, the existence and features of craters seriously challenge theories that seek to understand LENR.	Cathode materials, Craters, Low-energy nuclear reactions, LENR, Transmutations	Nagel, D. J. 2013 Characteristics and Energetics of Craters in LENR Experimental Materials J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Small craters have been observed frequently in the surfaces of cathodes from electrochemical LENR experiments. They are generally 1?100?m in size. The craters vary widely in shape and areal distribution. Two methods were used to determine the energies needed to produce such craters. The resulting energies range from nJ to mJ, depending on the crater size. If craters are caused by LENR, then many nearly simultaneous MeV-level energy releases would have to occur in a very small volume. There are numerous open basic questions regarding the formation and characteristics of craters in LENR cathodes. It remains to be seen if craters will be helpful in understanding the origin and nature of LENR. But already, the existence and features of craters seriously challenge theories that seek to understand LENR. Cathode materials, Craters, Low-energy nuclear reactions, LENR, Transmutations
3,565	Roarty, B.	Roarty, B., Walker, C.	2013	Protocol for a Silicate-based LENR Using Electrodes of Various Metals	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	10	2014-01-24	This paper reports a protocol that consists of applying concurrent electronic and photonic stimuli in a cell with two or more electrodes at or near the boiling point of the liquid. The liquid in the cell is a solution including a silicate, a lithium salt, and a surfactant. The electrical stimuli are RF signals and, optionally, a direct current. The protocol generates an exothermic reaction characterized by sharp temperature transients. We have successfully used three different silicates and four different metals for electrodes. We believe the exothermic reaction is nuclear in nature. The evidence supporting that statement includes: ? Data logs show brief, intense temperature transients. ? Electron diffraction scattering (EDS) analyses show elements to be present after the reaction that could be transmutation products of several elements in the ingredients of the protocol, specifically including silver, a possible transmutation product of palladium. ? Auger analysis of one experiment also shows evidence of transmutation of the elements in the reaction cell. ? SEM photos show "volcanic sites" and other evidence of metal migration. ? Other SEM photos show large areas where electrodes have spalled during experiments.	Gold, Heat transients, LENR, Lithium silicate, Palladium	Roarty, B., Walker, C. 2013 Protocol for a Silicate-based LENR Using Electrodes of Various Metals J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper reports a protocol that consists of applying concurrent electronic and photonic stimuli in a cell with two or more electrodes at or near the boiling point of the liquid. The liquid in the cell is a solution including a silicate, a lithium salt, and a surfactant. The electrical stimuli are RF signals and, optionally, a direct current. The protocol generates an exothermic reaction characterized by sharp temperature transients. We have successfully used three different silicates and four different metals for electrodes. We believe the exothermic reaction is nuclear in nature. The evidence supporting that statement includes: ? Data logs show brief, intense temperature transients. ? Electron diffraction scattering (EDS) analyses show elements to be present after the reaction that could be transmutation products of several elements in the ingredients of the protocol, specifically including silver, a possible transmutation product of palladium. ? Auger analysis of one experiment also shows evidence of transmutation of the elements in the reaction cell. ? SEM photos show "volcanic sites" and other evidence of metal migration. ? Other SEM photos show large areas where electrodes have spalled during experiments. Gold, Heat transients, LENR, Lithium silicate, Palladium

ICCF-17 Proceedings in JCMNS 13

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
44	Aizawa, H.	Aizawa, H., Mita, K., Mizukami, D., Uno, H., Yamada, H.	2014	Detecting Energetic Charged Particle in D2O and H2O Electrolysis Using a Simple Arrangement of Cathode and CR-39	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2014-10-27	Electrolysis of D2O and H2O solutions is carried out under several DC current patterns using a Ni film cathode. A CR-39 track detector is set in close contact with the cathode to detect an energetic charged particle. An impressive increasing in number of etch pit is occasionally observed.	Charged particle, CR-39	Aizawa, H., Mita, K., Mizukami, D., Uno, H., Yamada, H. 2014 Detecting Energetic Charged Particle in D2O and H2O Electrolysis Using a Simple Arrangement of Cathode and CR-39 J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Electrolysis of D2O and H2O solutions is carried out under several DC current patterns using a Ni film cathode. A CR-39 track detector is set in close contact with the cathode to detect an energetic charged particle. An impressive increasing in number of etch pit is occasionally observed. Charged particle, CR-39
282	Bazhutov, Y.	Bazhutov, Y.	2014	Erzion model interpretation of the experiments with hydrogen loading of various metals	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2014-10-27	The short review of Cold Nuclear Transmutation investigation for 22 years after its discovery is presented. It is shown the main physical results of Rossi-Focardi and our experiment with the hydrogen loading of various metals. It is proposed the Erzion Model of Catalytic Nuclear Transmutation for theoretical explanation of the generation of excess heat, new chemical elements and isotopes, X-ray and neutron bursts radiation in these experiments.	Theory	Bazhutov, Y. 2014 Erzion model interpretation of the experiments with hydrogen loading of various metals J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The short review of Cold Nuclear Transmutation investigation for 22 years after its discovery is presented. It is shown the main physical results of Rossi-Focardi and our experiment with the hydrogen loading of various metals. It is proposed the Erzion Model of Catalytic Nuclear Transmutation for theoretical explanation of the generation of excess heat, new chemical elements and isotopes, X-ray and neutron bursts radiation in these experiments. Theory
283	Bazhutov, Y.	Bazhutov, Y., Belousova, E., Koretsky, V. P., Parkhomov, A.	2014	Investigation of Radiation Effects in Loading Ni, Be and LaNi5 by Hydrogen	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2014-10-27	The installation permitting to investigate gamma, x-ray and neutron radiations emitted by metals loaded with protium-deuterium mixture at temperature up to 750?C and pressure up to 100 bars is created. It was discovered that LaNi5 powder, nickel and beryllium are radiated presumably X-rays and neutrons. Radiation emission occurs in the form of short bursts or series of bursts lasting up to several tens minutes.	gamma radiation.	Bazhutov, Y., Belousova, E., Koretsky, V. P., Parkhomov, A. 2014 Investigation of Radiation Effects in Loading Ni, Be and LaNi5 by Hydrogen J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The installation permitting to investigate gamma, x-ray and neutron radiations emitted by metals loaded with protium-deuterium mixture at temperature up to 750?C and pressure up to 100 bars is created. It was discovered that LaNi5 powder, nickel and beryllium are radiated presumably X-rays and neutrons. Radiation emission occurs in the form of short bursts or series of bursts lasting up to several tens minutes. gamma radiation.
375	Biberian, J. P.	Biberian, J. P.	2014	Cold Fusion	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2012-08-29	This paper is a review of the work I have performed on the subject of Cold Fusion alone or in cooperation with other scientists. It covers a number of fields like solid-state electrolytes, electrolysis, gas diffusion. The experiments described below are the one having given positive results. However, many other attempts have failed.	Solid-State, electrochemistry, deuterium diffusion, plasma electrolysis.	Biberian, J. P. 2014 Cold Fusion J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper is a review of the work I have performed on the subject of Cold Fusion alone or in cooperation with other scientists. It covers a number of fields like solid-state electrolytes, electrolysis, gas diffusion. The experiments described below are the one having given positive results. However, many other attempts have failed. Solid-State, electrochemistry, deuterium diffusion, plasma electrolysis.
377	Biberian, J. P.	Biberian, J. P., Parchamazad, I., Miles, M.	2014	Possible Role of Oxides in the Fleischmann-Pons Effect	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2012-08-07	The mechanism of the Fleischmann-Pons effect is not yet fully understood. It appears that in many occasions an oxide layer, or an insulating one covers the surface of the active material. In this paper we list a number of experiments displaying such a situation, and suggest possible role of these layers.	excess heat	Biberian, J. P., Parchamazad, I., Miles, M. 2014 Possible Role of Oxides in the Fleischmann-Pons Effect J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The mechanism of the Fleischmann-Pons effect is not yet fully understood. It appears that in many occasions an oxide layer, or an insulating one covers the surface of the active material. In this paper we list a number of experiments displaying such a situation, and suggest possible role of these layers. excess heat
726	Celani, F.	Celani, F., Marano, E., Spallone, A., Nuvoli, A., Purchi, E, Nakamura, K., Ortenzi, B., Pella, S., Righi, E., Trenta, G., Bartalucci, S., Zangari, G., Micciulla, F., Bellucci, S.	2014	Cu-Ni-Mn Alloy Wires, with Improved Sub-micrometric Surfaces, Used as LENR Device by New Transparent, Dissipation-type Calorimeter	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2012-08-29	Abstract -- Starting in February 2011, we studied the feasibility of new Nickel based alloys that are able to absorb proper amounts of Hydrogen (H2) and/or Deuterium D2) and that have, in principle, some possibility to generate anomalous thermal effects at temperatures >100?C. The interest in Ni comes in part because there is the possibility to use H2 instead of expensive D2. Reports by F. Piantelli (since 1992), G. Miley (about 1995), M. Patterson, F. Celani (since 2010) and, overall, claims by A. Rossi and (later on) by Defkalion Company, could be further investigated. Moreover, cross-comparison of results using Hydrogen instead of Deuterium can be made and could help the understanding of the phenomena involved (nuclear origin?) because use of such isotopes.	excess heat, hydrogen, nickel	Celani, F., Marano, E., Spallone, A., Nuvoli, A., Purchi, E, Nakamura, K., Ortenzi, B., Pella, S., Righi, E., Trenta, G., Bartalucci, S., Zangari, G., Micciulla, F., Bellucci, S. 2014 Cu-Ni-Mn Alloy Wires, with Improved Sub-micrometric Surfaces, Used as LENR Device by New Transparent, Dissipation-type Calorimeter J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Abstract -- Starting in February 2011, we studied the feasibility of new Nickel based alloys that are able to absorb proper amounts of Hydrogen (H2) and/or Deuterium D2) and that have, in principle, some possibility to generate anomalous thermal effects at temperatures >100?C. The interest in Ni comes in part because there is the possibility to use H2 instead of expensive D2. Reports by F. Piantelli (since 1992), G. Miley (about 1995), M. Patterson, F. Celani (since 2010) and, overall, claims by A. Rossi and (later on) by Defkalion Company, could be further investigated. Moreover, cross-comparison of results using Hydrogen instead of Deuterium can be made and could help the understanding of the phenomena involved (nuclear origin?) because use of such isotopes. excess heat, hydrogen, nickel
943	Cook, N.	Cook, N., Dallacasa, V.	2014	LENR and Nuclear Structure Theory	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2014-10-27	The significance of LENR research for understanding nuclear structure is discussed. In contrast to atomic-level Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), nuclear theory has remained a collection of mutually-exclusive "models" lacking a rigorous foundation. I argue that LENR indicates the way forward to a quantitative theory of nuclear structure, Quantum Nucleodynamics (QND).	Theory	Cook, N., Dallacasa, V. 2014 LENR and Nuclear Structure Theory J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The significance of LENR research for understanding nuclear structure is discussed. In contrast to atomic-level Quantum Electrodynamics (QED), nuclear theory has remained a collection of mutually-exclusive "models" lacking a rigorous foundation. I argue that LENR indicates the way forward to a quantitative theory of nuclear structure, Quantum Nucleodynamics (QND). Theory
1,034	Dash, J.	Dash, J., Solomon, J.	2014	Effect of Recrystallization on Heat Output and Surface Composition of Ti and Pd Cathodes	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2014-10-27	The microstructure of Pd and Ti foils was altered by cold rolling followed by heating at temperatures up to ~700?C. The surface topography and microchemical composition of these foils was studied before and after electrolysis with heavy water electrolyte. Temperature measurements during electrolysis showed that Ti and Pd cathodes which had been heated to ~700?C gave about 1W excess power relative to a control.	excess heat	Dash, J., Solomon, J. 2014 Effect of Recrystallization on Heat Output and Surface Composition of Ti and Pd Cathodes J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The microstructure of Pd and Ti foils was altered by cold rolling followed by heating at temperatures up to ~700?C. The surface topography and microchemical composition of these foils was studied before and after electrolysis with heavy water electrolyte. Temperature measurements during electrolysis showed that Ti and Pd cathodes which had been heated to ~700?C gave about 1W excess power relative to a control. excess heat
1,095	Didyk, A.	Didyk, A., Wisniewski, R.	2014	Changes Observed in the Elemental Composition of Palladium and Rhenium Specimens Irradiated in Dense Deuterium by gamma-Quanta with Boundary of Energy 23 MeV	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2014-10-27	We have studied the elemental composition of palladium and rhenium specimens irradiated in dense gaseous deuterium by gamma-quanta of a continuous spectrum with the threshold energy of 23 MeV. Significant anomalies are found in the structure and elemental composition of the irradiated specimens. At both ends of the palladium wire considerable changes are observed in the form of blowouts (resembling congealed "Solar protuberances") of molten metal with complex elemental composition. The palladium surface proved to be covered with small particles, approximately 1?2 ?m in size, composed of rhenium oxide Re2O7 , while near the cracks and fractures the surface was covered with rhenium, carbon and oxygen crystallites of hexagonal symmetry. The entire surface of the rhenium sample became cracked and coated with a thick layer of carbon compounds with rhenium as RexCy . The phenomenological model of nuclear reactions leading to the observed elemental composition of rhenium and palladium is discussed.	Chain reaction of deuterium heating, Dense deuterium gas, Elastic and inelastic scattering, 2H-induced reactions, High pressure, Photon absorption and scattering	Didyk, A., Wisniewski, R. 2014 Changes Observed in the Elemental Composition of Palladium and Rhenium Specimens Irradiated in Dense Deuterium by gamma-Quanta with Boundary of Energy 23 MeV J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. We have studied the elemental composition of palladium and rhenium specimens irradiated in dense gaseous deuterium by gamma-quanta of a continuous spectrum with the threshold energy of 23 MeV. Significant anomalies are found in the structure and elemental composition of the irradiated specimens. At both ends of the palladium wire considerable changes are observed in the form of blowouts (resembling congealed "Solar protuberances") of molten metal with complex elemental composition. The palladium surface proved to be covered with small particles, approximately 1?2 ?m in size, composed of rhenium oxide Re2O7 , while near the cracks and fractures the surface was covered with rhenium, carbon and oxygen crystallites of hexagonal symmetry. The entire surface of the rhenium sample became cracked and coated with a thick layer of carbon compounds with rhenium as RexCy . The phenomenological model of nuclear reactions leading to the observed elemental composition of rhenium and palladium is discussed. Chain reaction of deuterium heating, Dense deuterium gas, Elastic and inelastic scattering, 2H-induced reactions, High pressure, Photon absorption and scattering
1,109	Dmitriyeva, O.	Dmitriyeva, O., Cantwell, R., Moddel, G.	2014	Measurement Artifacts in Gas-loading Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	13	2014-10-27	Numerous reports on gas loading of hydrogen isotope into powdered materials indicate excess heat generation that could be the result of a low energy nuclear reaction (LENR). When the amount of generated heat is small, it is important to characterize the calorimeter to account for possible measurement errors, or artifacts, which can result in long-term apparent excess heat. In this paper we investigate one of those possible measurement artifacts applicable to the gas loading systems that (1) use thermometry as a proxy for energy flow measurements, and (2) run at elevated temperatures. When loading gas into Pd-impregnated alumina, we have found that thermal gradients inside the system result in apparent heating or cooling of the measuring system. We experimentally magnified this effect and confirmed that it was due to temperature nonuniformity inside the calorimetric system. We quantified the effect using a numerical simulation tool to show that a temperature gradient as small as 0.5 K/m might result in 50 mW of apparent excess heat "generation". We suggest a simple approach for investigators to account for this measurement artifact by calibrating their systems with helium gas either prior to, or at the end of, the experimental sequence.	Calibration, Gas-loading, Heat, Measurement, Palladium	Dmitriyeva, O., Cantwell, R., Moddel, G. 2014 Measurement Artifacts in Gas-loading Experiments J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Numerous reports on gas loading of hydrogen isotope into powdered materials indicate excess heat generation that could be the result of a low energy nuclear reaction (LENR). When the amount of generated heat is small, it is important to characterize the calorimeter to account for possible measurement errors, or artifacts, which can result in long-term apparent excess heat. In this paper we investigate one of those possible measurement artifacts applicable to the gas loading systems that (1) use thermometry as a proxy for energy flow measurements, and (2) run at elevated temperatures. When loading gas into Pd-impregnated alumina, we have found that thermal gradients inside the system result in apparent heating or cooling of the measuring system. We experimentally magnified this effect and confirmed that it was due to temperature nonuniformity inside the calorimetric system. We quantified the effect using a numerical simulation tool to show that a temperature gradient as small as 0.5 K/m might result in 50 mW of apparent excess heat "generation". We suggest a simple approach for investigators to account for this measurement artifact by calibrating their systems with helium gas either prior to, or at the end of, the experimental sequence. Calibration, Gas-loading, Heat, Measurement, Palladium

ICCF-18 Proceedings in JCMNS 15

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
380	Biberian, J. P.	Biberian, J. P., Valat, M., Sigaut, W., Clauzon, P., Fauvarque, J.	2015	Pressurized Plasma Electrolysis Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	We have performed a plasma electrolysis experiment for the first time at a pressure of 5 x 10^5 Pa in a specially designed calorimeter. The cathode was a 2 mm tungsten rod, and the anode was a stainless-steel foil. The electrolyte was 0.6 mol K2CO3 in light water. In one instance, we observed excess heat of 20 W for 90 min.	Cold fusion, Electrolysis, High pressure, Plasma	Biberian, J. P., Valat, M., Sigaut, W., Clauzon, P., Fauvarque, J. 2015 Pressurized Plasma Electrolysis Experiments J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. We have performed a plasma electrolysis experiment for the first time at a pressure of 5 x 10^5 Pa in a specially designed calorimeter. The cathode was a 2 mm tungsten rod, and the anode was a stainless-steel foil. The electrolyte was 0.6 mol K2CO3 in light water. In one instance, we observed excess heat of 20 W for 90 min. Cold fusion, Electrolysis, High pressure, Plasma
654	Carpinteri, A.	Carpinteri, A., Borla, O., Manuello, A., Veneziano, D., Goi, A.	2015	Hydrogen Embrittlement and Piezonuclear Reactions in Electrolysis Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	Several evidences of anomalous nuclear reactions occurring in condensed matter have been observed in the phenomena of electrolysis, fracture (solids), and cavitation (liquids). Despite the great amount of experimental results coming from the so-called Cold Nuclear Fusion and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions research activities, the comprehension of these phenomena still remains unanswered. On the other hand, as reported by most of the articles devoted to Cold Nuclear Fusion, one of the principal features is the appearance of micro-cracks on the electrode surfaces after the experiments. In the present paper, a mechanical explanation is proposed considering a new kind of nuclear reactions, the piezonuclear fissions, which are a consequence of hydrogen embrittlement of the electrodes during electrolysis. The experimental activity was conducted using a Ni?Fe anode and a Co?Cr cathode immersed in a potassium carbonate solution. Emissions of neutrons and alpha particles were measured during the experiments and the electrode compositions were analyzed both before and after the electrolysis, recognizing the effects of piezonuclear fissions occurring in the host lattices. The symmetrical fission of Ni appears to be the main and most evident feature. Such reaction would produce two Si atoms or two Mg atoms with additional fragments as alpha particles.	Cold nuclear fusion, Electrolysis, Hydrogen embrittlement, Piezonuclear fissions	Carpinteri, A., Borla, O., Manuello, A., Veneziano, D., Goi, A. 2015 Hydrogen Embrittlement and Piezonuclear Reactions in Electrolysis Experiments J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Several evidences of anomalous nuclear reactions occurring in condensed matter have been observed in the phenomena of electrolysis, fracture (solids), and cavitation (liquids). Despite the great amount of experimental results coming from the so-called Cold Nuclear Fusion and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions research activities, the comprehension of these phenomena still remains unanswered. On the other hand, as reported by most of the articles devoted to Cold Nuclear Fusion, one of the principal features is the appearance of micro-cracks on the electrode surfaces after the experiments. In the present paper, a mechanical explanation is proposed considering a new kind of nuclear reactions, the piezonuclear fissions, which are a consequence of hydrogen embrittlement of the electrodes during electrolysis. The experimental activity was conducted using a Ni?Fe anode and a Co?Cr cathode immersed in a potassium carbonate solution. Emissions of neutrons and alpha particles were measured during the experiments and the electrode compositions were analyzed both before and after the electrolysis, recognizing the effects of piezonuclear fissions occurring in the host lattices. The symmetrical fission of Ni appears to be the main and most evident feature. Such reaction would produce two Si atoms or two Mg atoms with additional fragments as alpha particles. Cold nuclear fusion, Electrolysis, Hydrogen embrittlement, Piezonuclear fissions
655	Carpinteri, A.	Carpinteri, A., Manuello, A., Veneziano, D., Cook, N.	2015	Piezonuclear Fission Reactions Simulated by the Lattice Model	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	Recent experiments conducted on natural rocks subjected to different mechanical loading conditions have shown energy emissions in the form of neutrons and anomalous chemical changes. In the present study, a numerical model is used to simulate the anomalous nuclear products according to the fission interpretation. Specifically, the reactions were simulated by means of a nuclear lattice model assuming that nucleons are ordered in an antiferromagnetic face-centered-cubic (fcc) array. The simulations indicate that small and middle-sized nuclei can be fractured along weakly bound planes of the lattice structure. It is argued that the simulations provide theoretical support for the experimentally-observed reactions and, moreover, that the probabilities calculated for various low-energy fissions can be used to explain the stepwise changes in the element abundances of the Earth?s crust, evolved from basaltic to sialic composition over geological time.	Earth crust composition, Lattice model, Nuclear cold fusion, Piezonuclear fission reactions	Carpinteri, A., Manuello, A., Veneziano, D., Cook, N. 2015 Piezonuclear Fission Reactions Simulated by the Lattice Model J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Recent experiments conducted on natural rocks subjected to different mechanical loading conditions have shown energy emissions in the form of neutrons and anomalous chemical changes. In the present study, a numerical model is used to simulate the anomalous nuclear products according to the fission interpretation. Specifically, the reactions were simulated by means of a nuclear lattice model assuming that nucleons are ordered in an antiferromagnetic face-centered-cubic (fcc) array. The simulations indicate that small and middle-sized nuclei can be fractured along weakly bound planes of the lattice structure. It is argued that the simulations provide theoretical support for the experimentally-observed reactions and, moreover, that the probabilities calculated for various low-energy fissions can be used to explain the stepwise changes in the element abundances of the Earth?s crust, evolved from basaltic to sialic composition over geological time. Earth crust composition, Lattice model, Nuclear cold fusion, Piezonuclear fission reactions
1,112	Dmitriyeva, O.	Dmitriyeva, O., Cantwell, R., McConnell, D.	2015	Numerical Modeling of H2 Molecule Formation within Near-surface Voids in Pd and Ni Metals in the Presence of Impurities	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	We have used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate crucial material parameters that can promote a low energy nuclear reaction (LENR). This approach significantly decreases the experimental burden involved into material fabrication and testing. It also provides the foundation for systematical study and optimization of important material properties. We focused on three characteristics to describe the LENR environment: (1) a high hydrogen isotope loading ratio, (2) the presence of dopants or impurities, and (3) material morphology. We chose two figures of merit to characterize those environments: hydrogen adsorption energy on metal surface and H2 bond length. We showed that high hydrogen loading and the presence of impurities in Pd and Ni can lower the adsorption energy, thus increasing hydrogen surface mobility potentially improving the reaction rate. Another factor that would increase the fusion probability is the distance between two hydrogen atoms. We demonstrated that a hydrogen molecule can be formed in a near-surface void in Pd and Ni at the bond length of 0.70?0.74 ?.	DFT, Impurities, LENR, Palladium, Surface, Vacancy	Dmitriyeva, O., Cantwell, R., McConnell, D. 2015 Numerical Modeling of H2 Molecule Formation within Near-surface Voids in Pd and Ni Metals in the Presence of Impurities J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. We have used density functional theory (DFT) to investigate crucial material parameters that can promote a low energy nuclear reaction (LENR). This approach significantly decreases the experimental burden involved into material fabrication and testing. It also provides the foundation for systematical study and optimization of important material properties. We focused on three characteristics to describe the LENR environment: (1) a high hydrogen isotope loading ratio, (2) the presence of dopants or impurities, and (3) material morphology. We chose two figures of merit to characterize those environments: hydrogen adsorption energy on metal surface and H2 bond length. We showed that high hydrogen loading and the presence of impurities in Pd and Ni can lower the adsorption energy, thus increasing hydrogen surface mobility potentially improving the reaction rate. Another factor that would increase the fusion probability is the distance between two hydrogen atoms. We demonstrated that a hydrogen molecule can be formed in a near-surface void in Pd and Ni at the bond length of 0.70?0.74 ?. DFT, Impurities, LENR, Palladium, Surface, Vacancy
1,174	Duncan, R.	Duncan, R.	2015	Preface	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	My thanks to everyone who attended ICCF-18, which was held at the University of Missouri. We had a total of 215 registered participants, of whom 125 submitted original work that was presented within the scientific program. This was the first time in many years that ICCF has been held on the campus of a major research university, and we were delighted to have the opportunity to host this important conference.	review	Duncan, R. 2015 Preface J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. My thanks to everyone who attended ICCF-18, which was held at the University of Missouri. We had a total of 215 registered participants, of whom 125 submitted original work that was presented within the scientific program. This was the first time in many years that ICCF has been held on the campus of a major research university, and we were delighted to have the opportunity to host this important conference. review
1,278	Fisher, J. C.	Fisher, J. C.	2015	Neutron Isotope Theory of LENR Processes	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	Neutron isotopes are characterized and their reactions with ordinary isotopes are described. A theory of LENR processes emerges.	LENR, Neutron Isotope, Nuclear reaction, Theory	Fisher, J. C. 2015 Neutron Isotope Theory of LENR Processes J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Neutron isotopes are characterized and their reactions with ordinary isotopes are described. A theory of LENR processes emerges. LENR, Neutron Isotope, Nuclear reaction, Theory
1,361	Fredericks, K.	Fredericks, K.	2015	Possibility of Tachyon Monopoles Detected in Photographic Emulsions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	Low-energy nuclear reaction experiments using photographic emulsions, including those by Urutskoev, et.al, Ivoilov, and others have shown unique particle tracks. Analysis of a sample population of these types of tracks suggests detection of magnetically charged particles with faster-than-light velocities. Particle kinetic energy was estimated from energy deposition and momentum was estimated from track curvature in magnetic fields. Measured values were plotted on a kinetic energy versus momentum graph and were found to fall in the v > c region. Track curvature was found to be parabolic, which is a signature for monopoles. Using the classical theory of tachyons, the plane of parabolic curvature suggests electrically charged tachyons detected as slower-than-light monopoles. Preliminary lower limits for particle mass are found. Further study is suggested to broaden this search.	Detection, Mass Estimate, Monopoles, Parabolic curvature, Photographic emulsion, Superluminal, Tachyons	Fredericks, K. 2015 Possibility of Tachyon Monopoles Detected in Photographic Emulsions J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Low-energy nuclear reaction experiments using photographic emulsions, including those by Urutskoev, et.al, Ivoilov, and others have shown unique particle tracks. Analysis of a sample population of these types of tracks suggests detection of magnetically charged particles with faster-than-light velocities. Particle kinetic energy was estimated from energy deposition and momentum was estimated from track curvature in magnetic fields. Measured values were plotted on a kinetic energy versus momentum graph and were found to fall in the v > c region. Track curvature was found to be parabolic, which is a signature for monopoles. Using the classical theory of tachyons, the plane of parabolic curvature suggests electrically charged tachyons detected as slower-than-light monopoles. Preliminary lower limits for particle mass are found. Further study is suggested to broaden this search. Detection, Mass Estimate, Monopoles, Parabolic curvature, Photographic emulsion, Superluminal, Tachyons
2,167	Kitamura, A.	Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y., Taniike, A., Furuyama, Y.	2015	A Mass-Flow-Calorimetry System for Scaled-up Experiments on Anomalous Heat Evolution at Elevated Temperatures	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	A new mass-flow calorimetry system has been installed to investigate the excess-power phenomena at elevated temperatures with an increased amount of the sample. Calibration runs using alumina powder has revealed very good stability with very high heat recovery rate. The first trial runs with a silica-included Cu Ni nano-composite sample containing 4 g of Ni mixed with 200 g of Al2O3 showed anomalous increase in temperature of the sample, which could imply a long-lasting excess power of 5 W/g-Ni.	Hydrogen gas absorption, Oil-cooling mass-flow calorimetry, Silica-included Cu Ni nano-composite, 5 W/g-Ni	Kitamura, A., Takahashi, A., Seto, R., Fujita, Y., Taniike, A., Furuyama, Y. 2015 A Mass-Flow-Calorimetry System for Scaled-up Experiments on Anomalous Heat Evolution at Elevated Temperatures J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. A new mass-flow calorimetry system has been installed to investigate the excess-power phenomena at elevated temperatures with an increased amount of the sample. Calibration runs using alumina powder has revealed very good stability with very high heat recovery rate. The first trial runs with a silica-included Cu Ni nano-composite sample containing 4 g of Ni mixed with 200 g of Al2O3 showed anomalous increase in temperature of the sample, which could imply a long-lasting excess power of 5 W/g-Ni. Hydrogen gas absorption, Oil-cooling mass-flow calorimetry, Silica-included Cu Ni nano-composite, 5 W/g-Ni
2,684	Mastromatteo, U.	Mastromatteo, U., Bertele, A., Celani, F.	2015	Hydrogen Absorption and Excess Heat in a Constantan Wire with Nanostructured Surface	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	To go beyond the important and encouraging results obtained in Pd?D and Pd?H systems, overcoming the limitations related to the relative rareness of Pd, several tests were made using constantan wires with nanostructured surface in hydrogen atmosphere and temperatures up to 350 deg C.	Constantan, LASER, LENR, Palladium, Transmutations	Mastromatteo, U., Bertele, A., Celani, F. 2015 Hydrogen Absorption and Excess Heat in a Constantan Wire with Nanostructured Surface J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. To go beyond the important and encouraging results obtained in Pd?D and Pd?H systems, overcoming the limitations related to the relative rareness of Pd, several tests were made using constantan wires with nanostructured surface in hydrogen atmosphere and temperatures up to 350 deg C. Constantan, LASER, LENR, Palladium, Transmutations
2,689	Mathews, S.	Mathews, S., Nagel, D. J., Minor, B., Pique, A.	2015	Surface Preparation of Materials for LENR: Femtosecond Laser Processing	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	15	2018-01-18	Because surfaces have been shown to be important for Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), their preparation for experiments or energy generators is naturally of interest. We demonstrate that irradiation of Pd with pulses from a femtosecond laser produces surface topography with features on both micro- and nano-meter size scales. Micrographs of these features were analyzed to obtain the spatial frequencies for later correlation with production of excess heat.	Femtosecond lasers, LENR, Low energy nuclear reactions, Surface modification	Mathews, S., Nagel, D. J., Minor, B., Pique, A. 2015 Surface Preparation of Materials for LENR: Femtosecond Laser Processing J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Because surfaces have been shown to be important for Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), their preparation for experiments or energy generators is naturally of interest. We demonstrate that irradiation of Pd with pulses from a femtosecond laser produces surface topography with features on both micro- and nano-meter size scales. Micrographs of these features were analyzed to obtain the spatial frequencies for later correlation with production of excess heat. Femtosecond lasers, LENR, Low energy nuclear reactions, Surface modification

ICCF-19 Proceedings in JCMNS 19

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
194	Azizi, O.	Azizi, O., He, J., Paterson, D., El-Boher, A., Pease, D., Hubler, G. K.	2016	Effect of Cathode Pretreatment and Chemical Additives on H/D Absorption into Palladium via Electrochemical Permeation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	In this study, we applied a variety of palladium pretreatment methods, including nitric acid etching, Aqua regia etching and electrochemical oxidation/reduction to determine the effect of cathode initial condition on hydrogen absorption into palladium during the loading process. The electrochemical behavior of palladium was characterized using electrochemical permeation, electrochemical desorption, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The hydrogen diffusion coefficient in palladium membrane was obtained using the time-lag method. The lattice diffusivity of hydrogen as well as the amounts and distribution of the diffused and trapped hydrogen were analyzed using the desorption rate of hydrogen. We also investigated the effect of pyridine, a permeation promoter on hydrogen absorption in palladium membranes. Electrochemical parameters of double layer capacitance, charge transfer resistance and surface roughness were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for both treated and untreated cathodes. This study shows that the ability to load Pd with hydrogen is only mildly affected by surface pretreatment and the chemical additives, and therefore, we consider the pretreatments a second order effect regarding the ability to load.	Absorption, Deuterium, Impedance spectroscopy, Palladium, Permeation	Azizi, O., He, J., Paterson, D., El-Boher, A., Pease, D., Hubler, G. K. 2016 Effect of Cathode Pretreatment and Chemical Additives on H/D Absorption into Palladium via Electrochemical Permeation J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. In this study, we applied a variety of palladium pretreatment methods, including nitric acid etching, Aqua regia etching and electrochemical oxidation/reduction to determine the effect of cathode initial condition on hydrogen absorption into palladium during the loading process. The electrochemical behavior of palladium was characterized using electrochemical permeation, electrochemical desorption, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The hydrogen diffusion coefficient in palladium membrane was obtained using the time-lag method. The lattice diffusivity of hydrogen as well as the amounts and distribution of the diffused and trapped hydrogen were analyzed using the desorption rate of hydrogen. We also investigated the effect of pyridine, a permeation promoter on hydrogen absorption in palladium membranes. Electrochemical parameters of double layer capacitance, charge transfer resistance and surface roughness were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for both treated and untreated cathodes. This study shows that the ability to load Pd with hydrogen is only mildly affected by surface pretreatment and the chemical additives, and therefore, we consider the pretreatments a second order effect regarding the ability to load. Absorption, Deuterium, Impedance spectroscopy, Palladium, Permeation
284	Bazhutov, Y.	Bazhutov, Y., Gerasimove, A., Evmenenko, V., Koretskiy, V., Parkhomov, A., Sapozhnikov, Y.	2016	Calorimetric and Radiation Diagnostics of Water Solutions Under Intense Light Irradiation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	A series of experiments with light irradiation of saltwater solutions and alkalis in special vessels was performed. The sources of irradiation were: a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, a matrix of LEDs, and a laser. All of them were in the red wavelength. Possible calorimetric diagnostics and nuclear radiation (gamma rays, X-rays, and neutrons) were monitored. Liquid scintillation diagnostics of tritium were used. Gamma-ray radiation detection with an NaI scintillation detector, and X-ray radiation detection with Geiger counters was performed. No such radiation was observed. Excess heat was not detected in any experiment. Neutrons were measured with help of 3He counters placed in a paraffin barrel. Small neutron emissions (up to 100 neutrons) was observed in the form of a series of short bursts (lasting a few milliseconds) during some minutes at the background level. The generation of tritium after LED lamp and matrix of LEDs irradiation of water solutions LiOH and Na2CO3has been demonstrated in some experiments.	Calorimetry, Erzion model, Gamma-ray, Neutrons, Red light irradiation, Tritium,Water solutions, X-ray	Bazhutov, Y., Gerasimove, A., Evmenenko, V., Koretskiy, V., Parkhomov, A., Sapozhnikov, Y. 2016 Calorimetric and Radiation Diagnostics of Water Solutions Under Intense Light Irradiation J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. A series of experiments with light irradiation of saltwater solutions and alkalis in special vessels was performed. The sources of irradiation were: a Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamp, a matrix of LEDs, and a laser. All of them were in the red wavelength. Possible calorimetric diagnostics and nuclear radiation (gamma rays, X-rays, and neutrons) were monitored. Liquid scintillation diagnostics of tritium were used. Gamma-ray radiation detection with an NaI scintillation detector, and X-ray radiation detection with Geiger counters was performed. No such radiation was observed. Excess heat was not detected in any experiment. Neutrons were measured with help of 3He counters placed in a paraffin barrel. Small neutron emissions (up to 100 neutrons) was observed in the form of a series of short bursts (lasting a few milliseconds) during some minutes at the background level. The generation of tritium after LED lamp and matrix of LEDs irradiation of water solutions LiOH and Na2CO3has been demonstrated in some experiments. Calorimetry, Erzion model, Gamma-ray, Neutrons, Red light irradiation, Tritium,Water solutions, X-ray
629	Calaon, A.	Calaon, A.	2016	Yet Another LENR Theory: Electron-mediated Nuclear Reactions (EMNR)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	An attempt is made to build an LENR theory that does not contradict any basic principle of physics and gives a relatively simple explanation to the plethora of experimental results. A single unconventional assumption is made, namely that nuclei are kept together by a magnetic attraction mechanism, as proposed in the 1980s of the past century by Valerio Dallacasa and Norman Cook. This assumption contradicts a non-proven detail of the standard model, which instead attributes the nuclear force to a residual effect of the strong interaction. The theory is based also on a property of the electron which has been known for long, but has rarely been used: the Zitterbewegung (ZB). This property should allow the magnetic attraction mechanism that binds nucleons together, to manifest also between the electron and any isotope of hydrogen, leading to the formation of three neutral pseudo-particles (the component particles remain separate entities), collectively named here Hydronions (or Hyd). These pseudo-particles can then couple with other nuclei and lead to a fusion reaction "inside" the electron. The Coulomb barrier is not overcome kinetically, but through what could be interpreted as a range extension of the nuclear force itself, realized by the electron when some specific conditions are satisfied. The most important of these necessary conditions is that the electron has to "orbit" the hydrogen nucleus at a frequency of 2.055 x 1016Hz. This frequency corresponds to photons with an energy of about 85 eV or equivalently a wavelength of 14.6 nm in the Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV). So the large quanta of nuclear energy fractionate into EUV photons during the formation of the Hydronions and during the coupling of Hydronions to other nuclei. The formation of Hydronions requires the so called Nuclear Active Environment (NAE), which is what makes LENR so rare and difficult to reproduce. The numbers suggest that the NAE forms when an unshielded atomic core electron orbital that has an "orbital frequency" near to the coupling frequency is stricken by a naked Hydrogen Nucleus (HNu). This theory therefore implies that the NAE is not inside the metal matrix, but in its immediate neighbourhood. The best candidate atoms for a NAE are listed, based on the energy of their ionization energies. The coincidence with the most common LENR materials appears noteworthy. The Electron Mediated Nuclear Reactions (EMNR) theory can explain also very rapid runaway conditions, radio emissions, biological NAE, and the so called "strange radiation".	EMNR theory, Extreme ultra violet, Hydronion, Magnetic attraction, Strange radiation, Zitterbewegung	Calaon, A. 2016 Yet Another LENR Theory: Electron-mediated Nuclear Reactions (EMNR) J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. An attempt is made to build an LENR theory that does not contradict any basic principle of physics and gives a relatively simple explanation to the plethora of experimental results. A single unconventional assumption is made, namely that nuclei are kept together by a magnetic attraction mechanism, as proposed in the 1980s of the past century by Valerio Dallacasa and Norman Cook. This assumption contradicts a non-proven detail of the standard model, which instead attributes the nuclear force to a residual effect of the strong interaction. The theory is based also on a property of the electron which has been known for long, but has rarely been used: the Zitterbewegung (ZB). This property should allow the magnetic attraction mechanism that binds nucleons together, to manifest also between the electron and any isotope of hydrogen, leading to the formation of three neutral pseudo-particles (the component particles remain separate entities), collectively named here Hydronions (or Hyd). These pseudo-particles can then couple with other nuclei and lead to a fusion reaction "inside" the electron. The Coulomb barrier is not overcome kinetically, but through what could be interpreted as a range extension of the nuclear force itself, realized by the electron when some specific conditions are satisfied. The most important of these necessary conditions is that the electron has to "orbit" the hydrogen nucleus at a frequency of 2.055 x 1016Hz. This frequency corresponds to photons with an energy of about 85 eV or equivalently a wavelength of 14.6 nm in the Extreme Ultra Violet (EUV). So the large quanta of nuclear energy fractionate into EUV photons during the formation of the Hydronions and during the coupling of Hydronions to other nuclei. The formation of Hydronions requires the so called Nuclear Active Environment (NAE), which is what makes LENR so rare and difficult to reproduce. The numbers suggest that the NAE forms when an unshielded atomic core electron orbital that has an "orbital frequency" near to the coupling frequency is stricken by a naked Hydrogen Nucleus (HNu). This theory therefore implies that the NAE is not inside the metal matrix, but in its immediate neighbourhood. The best candidate atoms for a NAE are listed, based on the energy of their ionization energies. The coincidence with the most common LENR materials appears noteworthy. The Electron Mediated Nuclear Reactions (EMNR) theory can explain also very rapid runaway conditions, radio emissions, biological NAE, and the so called "strange radiation". EMNR theory, Extreme ultra violet, Hydronion, Magnetic attraction, Strange radiation, Zitterbewegung
728	Celani, F.	Celani, F., Spallone, A., Ortenzi, B., Pella, S., Purchi, E, Santandrea, F., Fiorilla, S., Nuvoli, A., Nakamura, M., Cirilli, P., Boccanera, P., Notargiacomo, L.	2016	Observation of Macroscopic Current and Thermal Anomalies, at High Temperature, by Hetero-structures in Thin and Long Constantan Wires Under H2 Gas	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	Since 2011, we introduced into LENR field, the use of a Constantan (Cnst) alloy to absorb/adsorb proper amounts of H2 or D2 and to generate thermal anomalies even at low temperatures (>200?C). We developed a reactor with a core of sub-micrometric layered Cnst wires that produced measurable excess power (almost reproducible). Subsequently, we used fiberglass sheaths as electrical insulation and found out that this material actually improves reactor performance. In the most recent configuration, we studied the effects of adding Fe nanolayers to the Cnst wires and of including several small knots along their extension, actions that resulted in a larger excess power that grew with increasing wire temperature. We detected a new electric effect: the generation of spontaneous voltage between the ends of a floating wire in the reactor. We performed tests to study results in agreement with Inverse Rydberg Matter model by L. Holmlid.	Constantan sub-micrometric surfaces, H2 ad-/absorption, Iron, Rydberg Matter, Thermodynamic second law	Celani, F., Spallone, A., Ortenzi, B., Pella, S., Purchi, E, Santandrea, F., Fiorilla, S., Nuvoli, A., Nakamura, M., Cirilli, P., Boccanera, P., Notargiacomo, L. 2016 Observation of Macroscopic Current and Thermal Anomalies, at High Temperature, by Hetero-structures in Thin and Long Constantan Wires Under H2 Gas J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Since 2011, we introduced into LENR field, the use of a Constantan (Cnst) alloy to absorb/adsorb proper amounts of H2 or D2 and to generate thermal anomalies even at low temperatures (>200?C). We developed a reactor with a core of sub-micrometric layered Cnst wires that produced measurable excess power (almost reproducible). Subsequently, we used fiberglass sheaths as electrical insulation and found out that this material actually improves reactor performance. In the most recent configuration, we studied the effects of adding Fe nanolayers to the Cnst wires and of including several small knots along their extension, actions that resulted in a larger excess power that grew with increasing wire temperature. We detected a new electric effect: the generation of spontaneous voltage between the ends of a floating wire in the reactor. We performed tests to study results in agreement with Inverse Rydberg Matter model by L. Holmlid. Constantan sub-micrometric surfaces, H2 ad-/absorption, Iron, Rydberg Matter, Thermodynamic second law
1,042	Davidson, M.	Davidson, M.	2016	Off-mass-shell Particles and LENR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	A recent and somewhat radical theoretical explanation for LENR is reviewed. It is based on variable mass theories of relativistic quantum mechanics that date back to the 1930s in works by Fock and Stueckelberg, and up to the present by many others. It explains a large number of observed anomalous effects in LENR by positing that nuclear rest-masses can vary in "nuclear active environments" in condensed matter settings. The varying masses modify the kinematic constraints of the nuclear reactions. It also offers a mechanism for enhancing electron screening and-or quantum tunneling rates, for allowing for resonant tunneling, and for modified radioactive decay rates by mass changes in the decaying isotopes.	Horwitz-Piron, LENR, Nuclear anomalies, Stueckelberg, Variable mass	Davidson, M. 2016 Off-mass-shell Particles and LENR J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. A recent and somewhat radical theoretical explanation for LENR is reviewed. It is based on variable mass theories of relativistic quantum mechanics that date back to the 1930s in works by Fock and Stueckelberg, and up to the present by many others. It explains a large number of observed anomalous effects in LENR by positing that nuclear rest-masses can vary in "nuclear active environments" in condensed matter settings. The varying masses modify the kinematic constraints of the nuclear reactions. It also offers a mechanism for enhancing electron screening and-or quantum tunneling rates, for allowing for resonant tunneling, and for modified radioactive decay rates by mass changes in the decaying isotopes. Horwitz-Piron, LENR, Nuclear anomalies, Stueckelberg, Variable mass
1,144	Dubinko, V. I.	Dubinko, V. I.	2016	Quantum Tunneling in Breather 'Nano-colliders'	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	In many crystals with sufficient anharmonicity, special kinds of lattice vibrations, namely, discrete breathers (DBs) can be excited either thermally or by external triggering, in which the amplitude of atomic oscillations greatly exceeds that of harmonic oscillations (phonons). Coherency and persistence of large atomic oscillations in DBs may have drastic effect on quantum tunneling due to correlation effects discovered by Schr?dinger and Robertson in 1930. These effects have been applied recently to the tunneling problem by Vysotskii et al:, who demonstrated a giant increase of sub-barrier transparency during the increase of the correlation coefficient at special high-frequency periodic action on the quantum system. In the present paper, it is argued that DBs present the most natural and efficient way to produce correlation effects due to time-periodic modulation of the potential well width (or the Coulomb barrier width) and hence to act as breather ?nano-colliders? (BNC) triggering low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) in solids. The tunneling probability for deuterium (D?D) fusion in ?gap DBs? formed in metal deuterides is shown to increase with increasing numbers of oscillations by 190 orders of magnitude, resulting in the observed LENR rate at extremely low concentrations of DBs. Possible ways of engineering the nuclear active environment based on the present concept are discussed.	Correlation effects, Discrete breathers, Low energy nuclear reactions, Nuclear active sites	Dubinko, V. I. 2016 Quantum Tunneling in Breather 'Nano-colliders' J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. In many crystals with sufficient anharmonicity, special kinds of lattice vibrations, namely, discrete breathers (DBs) can be excited either thermally or by external triggering, in which the amplitude of atomic oscillations greatly exceeds that of harmonic oscillations (phonons). Coherency and persistence of large atomic oscillations in DBs may have drastic effect on quantum tunneling due to correlation effects discovered by Schr?dinger and Robertson in 1930. These effects have been applied recently to the tunneling problem by Vysotskii et al:, who demonstrated a giant increase of sub-barrier transparency during the increase of the correlation coefficient at special high-frequency periodic action on the quantum system. In the present paper, it is argued that DBs present the most natural and efficient way to produce correlation effects due to time-periodic modulation of the potential well width (or the Coulomb barrier width) and hence to act as breather ?nano-colliders? (BNC) triggering low energy nuclear reactions (LENR) in solids. The tunneling probability for deuterium (D?D) fusion in ?gap DBs? formed in metal deuterides is shown to increase with increasing numbers of oscillations by 190 orders of magnitude, resulting in the observed LENR rate at extremely low concentrations of DBs. Possible ways of engineering the nuclear active environment based on the present concept are discussed. Correlation effects, Discrete breathers, Low energy nuclear reactions, Nuclear active sites
1,189	El-Boher, A.	El-Boher, A., Isaacson, W., Azizi, O., He, J., Pease, D., Hubler, G. K.	2016	Final Report on Calorimetry-based Excess Heat Trials using Celani Treated NiCuMn (Constantan) Wires	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	Sensitive mass flow calorimetry was used in a series of tests to evaluate eight treated NiCuMn (Constantan) wires in a gas loading cell. The goal of this testing was to reproduce and confirm the production of excess heat when using an experimental setup similar to that demonstrated in 2013 by Dr. Francesco Celani at National Instrument?s NI week and ICCF 17. Six of the eight Constantan wires used in the SKINR tests were provided by Dr. Celani and the remaining two were obtained from Mathieu Valat. Initial tests in the series closely followed the set-up, operation, and heating protocols used by Dr. Celani with a significantly modified stainless test cell to enable the use of mass flow calorimetry. Later tests used the same modified test cell but added additional heating protocols using pulsed or highly modulated electric currents (SuperWaves) to enhance hydrogen loading and create additional thermal gradients within the Constantan wires. No excess heat was observed in a calorimeter of a sensitivity <10 mW when running either the initial or later test protocols during 200 days of testing.	Calorimetry, Gas loading, Hydrogen, Micro-nano surface, Nickel, Nickel hydride	El-Boher, A., Isaacson, W., Azizi, O., He, J., Pease, D., Hubler, G. K. 2016 Final Report on Calorimetry-based Excess Heat Trials using Celani Treated NiCuMn (Constantan) Wires J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Sensitive mass flow calorimetry was used in a series of tests to evaluate eight treated NiCuMn (Constantan) wires in a gas loading cell. The goal of this testing was to reproduce and confirm the production of excess heat when using an experimental setup similar to that demonstrated in 2013 by Dr. Francesco Celani at National Instrument?s NI week and ICCF 17. Six of the eight Constantan wires used in the SKINR tests were provided by Dr. Celani and the remaining two were obtained from Mathieu Valat. Initial tests in the series closely followed the set-up, operation, and heating protocols used by Dr. Celani with a significantly modified stainless test cell to enable the use of mass flow calorimetry. Later tests used the same modified test cell but added additional heating protocols using pulsed or highly modulated electric currents (SuperWaves) to enhance hydrogen loading and create additional thermal gradients within the Constantan wires. No excess heat was observed in a calorimeter of a sensitivity <10 mW when running either the initial or later test protocols during 200 days of testing. Calorimetry, Gas loading, Hydrogen, Micro-nano surface, Nickel, Nickel hydride
1,554	Grimshaw, T.	Grimshaw, T.	2016	Integrated Policymaking for Realizing Benefits and Mitigating Impacts of LENR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	The potential benefits of LENR as a source of energy have been well understood since its announcement in 1989. The improved prospects of LENR in the past few years are indicated by the significant numbers and varied locations of researchers in several countries, a large body of accumulated evidence, major advances in explanation and theory development, and recent favourable occurrences, including a plethora of proposed energy-producing devices. The changing landscape creates policymaking opportunities for supporting LENR to realize its potential benefits, planning proactively to deal with anticipated adverse secondary impacts, and integrating the updates in a comprehensive policy program. The first policymaking opportunity, updates of current policies for LENR support, may best be accomplished in a framework of evidence-based policymaking. The level of evidence for the existence of LENR is at least a preponderance of evidence (greater than 50% probability). There may even be clear and convincing evidence (greater than 70%). Correspondingly, the policy response should be at least reinstatement and research comparable to other emerging energy technologies. Enhanced support, perhaps on a par with hot fusion, is indicated if there is clear and convincing evidence. The second policymaking opportunity related to LENR?s changing landscape is to address potential adverse secondary impacts with proactive planning. Broad deployment of LENR for energy supply may be expected to have major secondary impacts as a disruptive technology. Direct impacts will take place on all phases of the energy chain ? supply, transport, storage, and consumption. Indirect impacts will be felt most by the components of society that are closely tied to the energy cycle, such as sectors of the workforce and energy-based communities. Technology assessment is a mature and readily available methodology for identifying secondary impacts and developing mitigative measures. A third policymaking opportunity is to integrate LENR policy updates that are needed as demonstrated by its changing landscape. Policies for mitigating adverse secondary impacts, for example, can be formulated based on policies for LENR support and the resulting pace of its development and deployment. New and updated policies may also be integrated at the national and international level and between the public and private sectors. The public interest will be served by update and integration of LENR policies for its development and mitigating its impacts. However, many challenges must be overcome to achieve the update and integration objectives. The world desperately needs new sources of clean and inexpensive energy. The case of cold fusion would perhaps be a curiosity in the history of science if the stakes were not so high.		Grimshaw, T. 2016 Integrated Policymaking for Realizing Benefits and Mitigating Impacts of LENR J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The potential benefits of LENR as a source of energy have been well understood since its announcement in 1989. The improved prospects of LENR in the past few years are indicated by the significant numbers and varied locations of researchers in several countries, a large body of accumulated evidence, major advances in explanation and theory development, and recent favourable occurrences, including a plethora of proposed energy-producing devices. The changing landscape creates policymaking opportunities for supporting LENR to realize its potential benefits, planning proactively to deal with anticipated adverse secondary impacts, and integrating the updates in a comprehensive policy program. The first policymaking opportunity, updates of current policies for LENR support, may best be accomplished in a framework of evidence-based policymaking. The level of evidence for the existence of LENR is at least a preponderance of evidence (greater than 50% probability). There may even be clear and convincing evidence (greater than 70%). Correspondingly, the policy response should be at least reinstatement and research comparable to other emerging energy technologies. Enhanced support, perhaps on a par with hot fusion, is indicated if there is clear and convincing evidence. The second policymaking opportunity related to LENR?s changing landscape is to address potential adverse secondary impacts with proactive planning. Broad deployment of LENR for energy supply may be expected to have major secondary impacts as a disruptive technology. Direct impacts will take place on all phases of the energy chain ? supply, transport, storage, and consumption. Indirect impacts will be felt most by the components of society that are closely tied to the energy cycle, such as sectors of the workforce and energy-based communities. Technology assessment is a mature and readily available methodology for identifying secondary impacts and developing mitigative measures. A third policymaking opportunity is to integrate LENR policy updates that are needed as demonstrated by its changing landscape. Policies for mitigating adverse secondary impacts, for example, can be formulated based on policies for LENR support and the resulting pace of its development and deployment. New and updated policies may also be integrated at the national and international level and between the public and private sectors. The public interest will be served by update and integration of LENR policies for its development and mitigating its impacts. However, many challenges must be overcome to achieve the update and integration objectives. The world desperately needs new sources of clean and inexpensive energy. The case of cold fusion would perhaps be a curiosity in the history of science if the stakes were not so high.
1,658	Hagelstein, P. L.	Hagelstein, P. L.	2016	Current Status of the Theory and Modeling Effort based on Fractionation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	The theoretical problems associated with excess heat in the Fleischmann?Pons experiment were once viewed as insurmountable; nevertheless, some progress has been made in the past quarter century. Conceptually the problem can be split into one area involving new physics which is needed to address the microscopic physics of the reaction process; and a second area involving known physics which allows one to connect with the different practical issues involved in the experiments and observations. We review the ideas and progress first in the area of new physical mechanisms, in which models that describe the down-conversion of the large nuclear quantum allowing for coherent energy exchange of the nuclear energy into vibrational energy. These ideas provide a connection between excess heat experiments with Pd and Ni, with D or a mixture of H and D; experiments where tritium or low-level nuclear emission is seen, and other experiments with collimated X-ray emission. In the area of conventional physics mechanisms, we are interested in the basic physics of PdH and PdD; modeling cathode loading and understanding why some cathodes loaded very poorly in the early days; understanding active sites which we attribute to monovacancies in PdD and NiH; figuring out how active sites are created; triggering excess heat; and removing the helium made in the new reactions.		Hagelstein, P. L. 2016 Current Status of the Theory and Modeling Effort based on Fractionation J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The theoretical problems associated with excess heat in the Fleischmann?Pons experiment were once viewed as insurmountable; nevertheless, some progress has been made in the past quarter century. Conceptually the problem can be split into one area involving new physics which is needed to address the microscopic physics of the reaction process; and a second area involving known physics which allows one to connect with the different practical issues involved in the experiments and observations. We review the ideas and progress first in the area of new physical mechanisms, in which models that describe the down-conversion of the large nuclear quantum allowing for coherent energy exchange of the nuclear energy into vibrational energy. These ideas provide a connection between excess heat experiments with Pd and Ni, with D or a mixture of H and D; experiments where tritium or low-level nuclear emission is seen, and other experiments with collimated X-ray emission. In the area of conventional physics mechanisms, we are interested in the basic physics of PdH and PdD; modeling cathode loading and understanding why some cathodes loaded very poorly in the early days; understanding active sites which we attribute to monovacancies in PdD and NiH; figuring out how active sites are created; triggering excess heat; and removing the helium made in the new reactions.
1,880	Iwamura, Y.	Iwamura, Y., Kasagi, J., Kikunaga, H., Yoshino, H., Itoh, T., Hattori, M., Mizuno, T.	2016	The Launch of a New Plan on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science at Tohoku University	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	19	2016-12-19	A new division devoted to Condensed Matter Nuclear Reaction (CMNR) was established at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science of Tohoku University in April 2015. This division consist of researchers from Tohoku University, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Clean Planet Inc., who have been actively engaged in the field of CMNR. In this division, fundamental research on condensed matter nuclear reaction, R&D on energy generation and nuclear waste decontamination will be performed.	Collaborative research division, Condensed matter nuclear reaction, Electron screening, Nano-structured Pd?CaO complex,, Permeation, Transmutation	Iwamura, Y., Kasagi, J., Kikunaga, H., Yoshino, H., Itoh, T., Hattori, M., Mizuno, T. 2016 The Launch of a New Plan on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science at Tohoku University J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. A new division devoted to Condensed Matter Nuclear Reaction (CMNR) was established at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science of Tohoku University in April 2015. This division consist of researchers from Tohoku University, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Clean Planet Inc., who have been actively engaged in the field of CMNR. In this division, fundamental research on condensed matter nuclear reaction, R&D on energy generation and nuclear waste decontamination will be performed. Collaborative research division, Condensed matter nuclear reaction, Electron screening, Nano-structured Pd?CaO complex,, Permeation, Transmutation

ICCF-20 Proceedings in JCMNS 24

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
487	Bok, S.	Bok, S., Mathai, C, Gangopadhyay, K., Gangopadhyay, S., Azizi, O., He, J., El-Boher, A., Hubler, G. K., Pease, D.	2017	Fluorescence-based Temperature Sensor for Anomalous Heat from Loaded Palladium Electrodes with Deuterium or Hydrogen	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	Anomalous heat generation in palladium-based materials has been studied in various active research groups since M. Fleischmann, and S. Pons demonstrated an anomalous heat in 1989. There have been attempts to explain anomalous heat by deuteron?deuteron nuclear fusion in the Pd lattice while the search for radiation was unsuccessful which indicated that the origin of the excess heat is unknown. Despite the unknown origin of the excess heat, Pd system is in the core of the research for energy production. The excess heat has been demonstrated by using calorimeters that are well characterized. However, these measurements are not able to provide detailed information about a localized heat rather than a heat from a large area. A new method is demonstrated to investigate an excess heat from Pd electrode loaded with deuterium or hydrogen. It is capable of measuring a small amount of heat generated in a localized area with a sub-micrometer resolution by fluorescence imaging with temperature sensitive fluorescence dyes. Considering quantum yield, photostability, and thermal stability, rhodamine 6G (R6G) is selected for temperature sensor along with a polymer, Poly MethylSilsesquioxane (PMSSQ). The thermal quenching of fluorescence resulted in a decreased temperature over time with heat generation. We envisioned that this new method of the temperature measurement provided a novel diagnostic tool for localized excess heat which was not detectable by calorimetry due to intrinsic disability.	Anomalous heat, Fluorescence, Temperature sensor	Bok, S., Mathai, C, Gangopadhyay, K., Gangopadhyay, S., Azizi, O., He, J., El-Boher, A., Hubler, G. K., Pease, D. 2017 Fluorescence-based Temperature Sensor for Anomalous Heat from Loaded Palladium Electrodes with Deuterium or Hydrogen J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Anomalous heat generation in palladium-based materials has been studied in various active research groups since M. Fleischmann, and S. Pons demonstrated an anomalous heat in 1989. There have been attempts to explain anomalous heat by deuteron?deuteron nuclear fusion in the Pd lattice while the search for radiation was unsuccessful which indicated that the origin of the excess heat is unknown. Despite the unknown origin of the excess heat, Pd system is in the core of the research for energy production. The excess heat has been demonstrated by using calorimeters that are well characterized. However, these measurements are not able to provide detailed information about a localized heat rather than a heat from a large area. A new method is demonstrated to investigate an excess heat from Pd electrode loaded with deuterium or hydrogen. It is capable of measuring a small amount of heat generated in a localized area with a sub-micrometer resolution by fluorescence imaging with temperature sensitive fluorescence dyes. Considering quantum yield, photostability, and thermal stability, rhodamine 6G (R6G) is selected for temperature sensor along with a polymer, Poly MethylSilsesquioxane (PMSSQ). The thermal quenching of fluorescence resulted in a decreased temperature over time with heat generation. We envisioned that this new method of the temperature measurement provided a novel diagnostic tool for localized excess heat which was not detectable by calorimetry due to intrinsic disability. Anomalous heat, Fluorescence, Temperature sensor
729	Celani, F.	Celani, F., Di Tommaso, A. O., Vassallo, G.	2017	The Zitterbewegung Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics as Theoretical Framework for Ultra-dense Deuterium and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	This paper introduces a Zitterbewegung model of the electron by applying the principle of Occam?s razor to the Maxwell?s equations and by introducing a scalar component in the electromagnetic field. The aim is to explain, by using simple and intuitive concepts, the origin of the electric charge and the electromagnetic nature of mass and inertia. The Zitterbewegung model of the electron is also proposed as the best suited theoretical framework to study the structure of Ultra-Dense Deuterium (UDD), the origin of anomalous heat in metal?hydrogen systems and the possibility of existence of "super-chemical" aggregates at Compton scale.	Clifford algebra, Compton scale aggregates, Dirac equation, Electric charge, Electron structure, Elementary particles, LENR, Lorenz gauge, Maxwell?s equations, Occam?s razor, Space?time algebra (STA), Ultra-dense deuterium, Vector potential, Weyl equati	Celani, F., Di Tommaso, A. O., Vassallo, G. 2017 The Zitterbewegung Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics as Theoretical Framework for Ultra-dense Deuterium and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper introduces a Zitterbewegung model of the electron by applying the principle of Occam?s razor to the Maxwell?s equations and by introducing a scalar component in the electromagnetic field. The aim is to explain, by using simple and intuitive concepts, the origin of the electric charge and the electromagnetic nature of mass and inertia. The Zitterbewegung model of the electron is also proposed as the best suited theoretical framework to study the structure of Ultra-Dense Deuterium (UDD), the origin of anomalous heat in metal?hydrogen systems and the possibility of existence of "super-chemical" aggregates at Compton scale. Clifford algebra, Compton scale aggregates, Dirac equation, Electric charge, Electron structure, Elementary particles, LENR, Lorenz gauge, Maxwell?s equations, Occam?s razor, Space?time algebra (STA), Ultra-dense deuterium, Vector potential, Weyl equati
944	Cook, N.	Cook, N.	2017	LENR Theory Requires a Proper Understanding of Nuclear Structure	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	Deciphering the many puzzles of low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) will require not only knowledge of the electromagnetic and chemical environment of the nuclear species that are susceptible to low-energy excitation, but also a detailed understanding of the many-body problem of the atomic nucleus itself. Today most LENR research focuses on the former issues, while nuclear structure theory remains the same conundrum that it has been for 80 years. The essence of the problem is that there has been no self-consistent spatiotemporal description of nuclear structure ? and, as a consequence, no reliable framework within which to address the oldest and most outstanding problem in nuclear physics: the nuclear force. The unanswered question in traditional nuclear physics ? and the new challenge in LENR ? is how to reconcile the short-range nuclear force known from nucleon scattering experiments with the wealth of empirical data on nuclear structure. Despite problems due to the early rejection of spatiotemporal explanations in nuclear physics, 21st century computational power has opened the door to realistic "molecular dynamics"-style simulations of nuclear structure. Some implications both for LENR and for nuclear physics are discussed.	Lattice simulations, Low-energy nuclear reactions, Nuclear structure theory, Realistic nuclear potentials	Cook, N. 2017 LENR Theory Requires a Proper Understanding of Nuclear Structure J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Deciphering the many puzzles of low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) will require not only knowledge of the electromagnetic and chemical environment of the nuclear species that are susceptible to low-energy excitation, but also a detailed understanding of the many-body problem of the atomic nucleus itself. Today most LENR research focuses on the former issues, while nuclear structure theory remains the same conundrum that it has been for 80 years. The essence of the problem is that there has been no self-consistent spatiotemporal description of nuclear structure ? and, as a consequence, no reliable framework within which to address the oldest and most outstanding problem in nuclear physics: the nuclear force. The unanswered question in traditional nuclear physics ? and the new challenge in LENR ? is how to reconcile the short-range nuclear force known from nucleon scattering experiments with the wealth of empirical data on nuclear structure. Despite problems due to the early rejection of spatiotemporal explanations in nuclear physics, 21st century computational power has opened the door to realistic "molecular dynamics"-style simulations of nuclear structure. Some implications both for LENR and for nuclear physics are discussed. Lattice simulations, Low-energy nuclear reactions, Nuclear structure theory, Realistic nuclear potentials
1,146	Dubinko, V. I.	Dubinko, V. I., Laptev, D., Irwin, K.	2017	Catalytic Mechanism of LENR in Quasicrystals based on Localized Anharmonic Vibrations and Phasons	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	We propose a mechanism explaining high catalytic activity of quasicrystals (QCs), which is based on unusual dynamics of atoms at special sites in QCs, namely, localized anharmonic vibrations (LAVs) and phasons. With the vibrations, one deals with a large amplitude (fractions of an angstrom) time-periodic oscillations of a small group of atoms around their stable positions in the lattice, known also as discrete breathers, which can be excited in regular crystals as well as in QCs. On the other hand, phasons are a specific property of QCs, which are represented by very large amplitude (angstrom) oscillations of atoms between two quasi-stable positions determined by the geometry of a QC. Large amplitude atomic motion in LAVs and phasons may result in time-periodic driving of adjacent potential wells occupied by hydrogen ions (protons or deuterons). The rate of tunneling of the particle through the potential barrier separating the wells is shown to be drastically enhanced by the driving. These results support the concept of nuclear catalysis in QCs that can take place at special sites provided by their inherent topology.	Quasicrystals, Localized anharmonic vibrations, Low energy nuclear reactions, Nuclear active sites, Phasons, Tunneling	Dubinko, V. I., Laptev, D., Irwin, K. 2017 Catalytic Mechanism of LENR in Quasicrystals based on Localized Anharmonic Vibrations and Phasons J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. We propose a mechanism explaining high catalytic activity of quasicrystals (QCs), which is based on unusual dynamics of atoms at special sites in QCs, namely, localized anharmonic vibrations (LAVs) and phasons. With the vibrations, one deals with a large amplitude (fractions of an angstrom) time-periodic oscillations of a small group of atoms around their stable positions in the lattice, known also as discrete breathers, which can be excited in regular crystals as well as in QCs. On the other hand, phasons are a specific property of QCs, which are represented by very large amplitude (angstrom) oscillations of atoms between two quasi-stable positions determined by the geometry of a QC. Large amplitude atomic motion in LAVs and phasons may result in time-periodic driving of adjacent potential wells occupied by hydrogen ions (protons or deuterons). The rate of tunneling of the particle through the potential barrier separating the wells is shown to be drastically enhanced by the driving. These results support the concept of nuclear catalysis in QCs that can take place at special sites provided by their inherent topology. Quasicrystals, Localized anharmonic vibrations, Low energy nuclear reactions, Nuclear active sites, Phasons, Tunneling
1,428	Gao, J.	Gao, J., Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, J.-J.	2017	Effects of D/Pd Ratio and Cathode Pretreatments on Excess Heat in Closed Pd\|D2O+D2SO4 Electrolytic Cells	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	The resistance method was used in situ to determine the D/Pd ratio in the cathode of Pd\|D2O+D2SO4 electrolytic-calorimetric systems. Thirty-three experimental runs with excess heat production indicated that there is no clear correlation between the excess power and the D/Pd ratio. Most excess heat occurs when the ratio is 0.5 < D/Pd < 0.7. Three different cathode pretreatments were tested. It is found that the excess heat reproducibility rate is 2/11 (18%), 21/32 (66%) and 25/50 (50%), and maximum excess power of 45 +/1 18 mW, 117 +/- 24 mW and 128 +/- 19 mW were achieved for samples etched in aqua regia, heated in D2SO4 and open electrolyzed in D2SO4, respectively, based on 93 runs of calorimetry with 25 Pd plates. This indicates that heating and open electrolyzing in D2SO4 are effective methods of pretreatment for excess heat production in subsequent electrolysis. Surface characterizations with 3D non-contact optical profiling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were performed for Pd samples of cold rolled, pretreated and electrolyzed. The results showed that the surface roughness of palladium increases prominently after pretreatment. New element silver was detected on Pd surface after electrolysis.	Current density, Surface roughness, Temperature, Transmutation	Gao, J., Zhang, W.-S., Zhang, J.-J. 2017 Effects of D/Pd Ratio and Cathode Pretreatments on Excess Heat in Closed Pd\|D2O+D2SO4 Electrolytic Cells J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The resistance method was used in situ to determine the D/Pd ratio in the cathode of Pd\|D2O+D2SO4 electrolytic-calorimetric systems. Thirty-three experimental runs with excess heat production indicated that there is no clear correlation between the excess power and the D/Pd ratio. Most excess heat occurs when the ratio is 0.5 < D/Pd < 0.7. Three different cathode pretreatments were tested. It is found that the excess heat reproducibility rate is 2/11 (18%), 21/32 (66%) and 25/50 (50%), and maximum excess power of 45 +/1 18 mW, 117 +/- 24 mW and 128 +/- 19 mW were achieved for samples etched in aqua regia, heated in D2SO4 and open electrolyzed in D2SO4, respectively, based on 93 runs of calorimetry with 25 Pd plates. This indicates that heating and open electrolyzing in D2SO4 are effective methods of pretreatment for excess heat production in subsequent electrolysis. Surface characterizations with 3D non-contact optical profiling, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were performed for Pd samples of cold rolled, pretreated and electrolyzed. The results showed that the surface roughness of palladium increases prominently after pretreatment. New element silver was detected on Pd surface after electrolysis. Current density, Surface roughness, Temperature, Transmutation
1,662	Hagelstein, P. L.	Hagelstein, P. L.	2017	Statistical Mechanics Models for PdHx and PdDx	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	In recent years we have developed simple empirical mean-field statistical mechanics models for PdHx and PdDx that include both O-site and T-site occupation. A brief account of this work is given here. At low loading it is impossible to fit solubility data over a wide range of temperature assuming only O-site occupation; however, with T-site occupation a good fit is obtained and an O-site to T-site excitation energy near 105 meV is found. Results from neutron diffraction studies at modest loading, and resistance and solubility measurements at high pressure and high loading, are used to infer O-site to T-site excitation energies and develop a smooth fit. The resulting statistical mechanics models have been optimized to provide systematic results at high loading for PdH and PdD, and also to fit the isotherms of the phase diagram of PdH. Estimates for the O-site energy as a function of loading and temperature have been developed in the latter case.	Mean field model, Palladium hydride, Phase diagram, Solubility, Tetrahedral occupation	Hagelstein, P. L. 2017 Statistical Mechanics Models for PdHx and PdDx J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. In recent years we have developed simple empirical mean-field statistical mechanics models for PdHx and PdDx that include both O-site and T-site occupation. A brief account of this work is given here. At low loading it is impossible to fit solubility data over a wide range of temperature assuming only O-site occupation; however, with T-site occupation a good fit is obtained and an O-site to T-site excitation energy near 105 meV is found. Results from neutron diffraction studies at modest loading, and resistance and solubility measurements at high pressure and high loading, are used to infer O-site to T-site excitation energies and develop a smooth fit. The resulting statistical mechanics models have been optimized to provide systematic results at high loading for PdH and PdD, and also to fit the isotherms of the phase diagram of PdH. Estimates for the O-site energy as a function of loading and temperature have been developed in the latter case. Mean field model, Palladium hydride, Phase diagram, Solubility, Tetrahedral occupation
1,663	Hagelstein, P. L.	Hagelstein, P. L., Chaudhary, I.	2017	Coupling between the Center of Mass and Relative Degrees of Freedom in a Relativistic Quantum Composite and Applications	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	If we consider the nucleus as a relativistic composite, then we are able to derive from a many-particle Dirac model a coupling between the center of mass motion and internal nuclear degrees of freedom. This interaction can be rotated out in free space, but has the potential to give rise to new physics when two or more nuclei exchange phonons with a common vibrational mode. The simplest example of such a system is a homonuclear diatomic molecule in a frozen matrix, for which we are able to develop an expression for the second-order phonon?nuclear interaction that can result in a splitting of the nuclear energy levels as a result of excitation transfer between the nuclei. The phonon-nuclear coupling is an E1 interaction, so the low energy 6.237 keV E1 transition in 181Ta is special; this motivates an interest in molecular 181Ta2 as a candidate for a M?ssbauer experiment where the splitting might be observable. We also consider excitation transfer in the case of a macroscopic a Ta plate.	Down-conversion, Excitation transfer, M?ssbauer effect, Phonon?nuclear coupling, Theory	Hagelstein, P. L., Chaudhary, I. 2017 Coupling between the Center of Mass and Relative Degrees of Freedom in a Relativistic Quantum Composite and Applications J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. If we consider the nucleus as a relativistic composite, then we are able to derive from a many-particle Dirac model a coupling between the center of mass motion and internal nuclear degrees of freedom. This interaction can be rotated out in free space, but has the potential to give rise to new physics when two or more nuclei exchange phonons with a common vibrational mode. The simplest example of such a system is a homonuclear diatomic molecule in a frozen matrix, for which we are able to develop an expression for the second-order phonon?nuclear interaction that can result in a splitting of the nuclear energy levels as a result of excitation transfer between the nuclei. The phonon-nuclear coupling is an E1 interaction, so the low energy 6.237 keV E1 transition in 181Ta is special; this motivates an interest in molecular 181Ta2 as a candidate for a M?ssbauer experiment where the splitting might be observable. We also consider excitation transfer in the case of a macroscopic a Ta plate. Down-conversion, Excitation transfer, M?ssbauer effect, Phonon?nuclear coupling, Theory
1,680	Hama, H.	Hama, H.	2017	Welcome Address, ICCF20 Conference	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	Welcome Address, ICCF20 Conference		Hama, H. 2017 Welcome Address, ICCF20 Conference J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Welcome Address, ICCF20 Conference
1,684	Hanawa, K.	Hanawa, K.	2017	Welcome Address, ICCF20 Conference	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	Welcome Address, ICCF20 Conference		Hanawa, K. 2017 Welcome Address, ICCF20 Conference J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Welcome Address, ICCF20 Conference
1,741	Hioki, T.	Hioki, T., Ichiki, A., Motohiro, T.	2017	Stabilization of Nano-sized Pd Particles under Hydrogen Atmosphere	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	24	2017-10-19	To enhance the reproducibility of anomalous heat effects reported in gas loaded experiments using nano-sized metal particle systems, stabilization of the nano-sized metal particles under hydrogen atmosphere and at elevated temperatures seems to be important. In this paper, the synthesis of nano-Pd particles embedded in the meso-pores of a mesoporous-silica is reported. We have succeeded in synthesizing nano-Pd particle systems with an average Pd particle size of 3.60 nm and a standard deviation of 0.64 nm. It was found that the synthesized nano-Pd particle system is very stable, i.e., the average size of the Pd particle is unchanged when exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 773 K. The hydrogen absorption capacity of the nano-Pd particles in the mesoporous silica host at room temperature was smaller than that of the Pd bulk.	Elevated temperature, Hydrogen atmosphere, Hydrogen absorption capacity, Mesoporous silica, Nano-size, Pd nanoparticles, Stabilization, Synthesis	Hioki, T., Ichiki, A., Motohiro, T. 2017 Stabilization of Nano-sized Pd Particles under Hydrogen Atmosphere J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. To enhance the reproducibility of anomalous heat effects reported in gas loaded experiments using nano-sized metal particle systems, stabilization of the nano-sized metal particles under hydrogen atmosphere and at elevated temperatures seems to be important. In this paper, the synthesis of nano-Pd particles embedded in the meso-pores of a mesoporous-silica is reported. We have succeeded in synthesizing nano-Pd particle systems with an average Pd particle size of 3.60 nm and a standard deviation of 0.64 nm. It was found that the synthesized nano-Pd particle system is very stable, i.e., the average size of the Pd particle is unchanged when exposed to a hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 773 K. The hydrogen absorption capacity of the nano-Pd particles in the mesoporous silica host at room temperature was smaller than that of the Pd bulk. Elevated temperature, Hydrogen atmosphere, Hydrogen absorption capacity, Mesoporous silica, Nano-size, Pd nanoparticles, Stabilization, Synthesis

ICCF-21 Proceedings in JCMNS 29

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
299	Beiting, E.	Beiting, E., Romein, D.	2019	High-temperature Calorimetric Measurements of Heat for Ni/H2 Exothermic Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	Instrumentation developed to measure heat power from a high-temperature reactor for experimental trials lasting several weeks is being applied to gas-phase Ni/H2 LENR. We developed a reactor that can maintain and record temperatures in excess of 1200? C while monitoring pressures exceeding 7 bar. This reactor is inserted into a flowing-fluid calorimeter that allows both temperature rise and flow rate of the cooling fluid to be redundantly measured by different physical principles. A computerized data acquisition system was written to automate the collection of more than 20 physical parameters with simultaneous numerical and dual graphical displays comprising both a strip chart and complete history of key parameters. Initial studies of the absorption of light hydrogen (H2) by nickel are presented.	Anomalous heat, Gas loading, Gas-phase LENR, High-temperature calorimetry, High-temperature cell, High-temperature hydrogen permeation, Hydrogen gas, Nickel-hydrogen absorption, Parkhomov replication	Beiting, E., Romein, D. 2019 High-temperature Calorimetric Measurements of Heat for Ni/H2 Exothermic Reactions J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Instrumentation developed to measure heat power from a high-temperature reactor for experimental trials lasting several weeks is being applied to gas-phase Ni/H2 LENR. We developed a reactor that can maintain and record temperatures in excess of 1200? C while monitoring pressures exceeding 7 bar. This reactor is inserted into a flowing-fluid calorimeter that allows both temperature rise and flow rate of the cooling fluid to be redundantly measured by different physical principles. A computerized data acquisition system was written to automate the collection of more than 20 physical parameters with simultaneous numerical and dual graphical displays comprising both a strip chart and complete history of key parameters. Initial studies of the absorption of light hydrogen (H2) by nickel are presented. Anomalous heat, Gas loading, Gas-phase LENR, High-temperature calorimetry, High-temperature cell, High-temperature hydrogen permeation, Hydrogen gas, Nickel-hydrogen absorption, Parkhomov replication
398	Biberian, J. P.	Biberian, J. P.	2019	Anomalous Isotopic Distribution of Silver in a Palladium Cathode	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	This paper demonstrates that during cold fusion experiments by electrolysis of heavy water with palladium cathodes, there is production of silver. By Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy, it is shown that silver detected is not due to contamination, but probably to transmutation of palladium by absorption of a deuterium nucleus, because only the 107Ag-isotope is present, and not 109Ag, as in natural silver. Another important result of this study is the determination of the depth at which the reaction occurs: 1.3 microm below the cathode surface.	Electrochemistry, Isotopes, Palladium, Silver, Transmutation	Biberian, J. P. 2019 Anomalous Isotopic Distribution of Silver in a Palladium Cathode J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper demonstrates that during cold fusion experiments by electrolysis of heavy water with palladium cathodes, there is production of silver. By Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy, it is shown that silver detected is not due to contamination, but probably to transmutation of palladium by absorption of a deuterium nucleus, because only the 107Ag-isotope is present, and not 109Ag, as in natural silver. Another important result of this study is the determination of the depth at which the reaction occurs: 1.3 microm below the cathode surface. Electrochemistry, Isotopes, Palladium, Silver, Transmutation
503	Bowen, N. L.	Bowen, N. L.	2019	A Simple Calculation of the Inter-nucleon Up-to-down Quark Bond and its Implications for Nuclear Binding	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	This paper describes an interesting and potentially significant phenomenon regarding the properties of up and down quarks within the nucleus, and how the possible inter-nucleon bonding of these quarks may affect the bonding energy of the nuclear force. A very simple calculation is used, which involves a bond between two inter-nucleon up and down quarks. This simple calculation does not depend on the type or mechanism for the bond. Furthermore, this simple calculation does not specify the shape or structure for the nucleus. This calculation only examines the energy of all possible up-to-down inter-nucleon bonds that may be formed within a quantum nucleus. A comparison of this total energy is made to the experimental binding energy with excellent results. The potential significance of this finding is discussed.	Inter-nucleon bond, Nuclear binding energy, Up and down Quarks	Bowen, N. L. 2019 A Simple Calculation of the Inter-nucleon Up-to-down Quark Bond and its Implications for Nuclear Binding J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper describes an interesting and potentially significant phenomenon regarding the properties of up and down quarks within the nucleus, and how the possible inter-nucleon bonding of these quarks may affect the bonding energy of the nuclear force. A very simple calculation is used, which involves a bond between two inter-nucleon up and down quarks. This simple calculation does not depend on the type or mechanism for the bond. Furthermore, this simple calculation does not specify the shape or structure for the nucleus. This calculation only examines the energy of all possible up-to-down inter-nucleon bonds that may be formed within a quantum nucleus. A comparison of this total energy is made to the experimental binding energy with excellent results. The potential significance of this finding is discussed. Inter-nucleon bond, Nuclear binding energy, Up and down Quarks
734	Celani, F.	Celani, F., Ortenzi, B., Spallone, A., Lorenzetti, C., Purchi, E, Fiorilla, S., Cupellini, S., Nakamura, M., Boccanera, P., Notargiacomo, L., Vassallo, G., Burri, R.	2019	Steps to Identify Main Parameters for AHE Generation in Sub-micrometric Materials: Measurements by Isoperibolic and Air-flow Calorimetry	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	In 2011, we introduced the use of constantan alloy in LENR, in the form of long and thin wires as a hydrogen dissociation promoter. We disclosed for the first time the reason for the choice of such material at IWAHLM-12 Workshop (2017), hypothesizing it was the initiator of the reaction in Andrea Rossi?s experiment. We developed a specific treatment to increase the dimensionality of wire surface through the application of high peak power pulses. The wire is inserted in fiberglass . . .	Anomalous Heat Excess (AHE), Electro-migration phenomena, H2 and/or D2 absorption at high temperatures into constantan, Isoperibolic and air-flow calorimetry, Low work function materials, Noble gases . . .	Celani, F., Ortenzi, B., Spallone, A., Lorenzetti, C., Purchi, E, Fiorilla, S., Cupellini, S., Nakamura, M., Boccanera, P., Notargiacomo, L., Vassallo, G., Burri, R. 2019 Steps to Identify Main Parameters for AHE Generation in Sub-micrometric Materials: Measurements by Isoperibolic and Air-flow Calorimetry J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. In 2011, we introduced the use of constantan alloy in LENR, in the form of long and thin wires as a hydrogen dissociation promoter. We disclosed for the first time the reason for the choice of such material at IWAHLM-12 Workshop (2017), hypothesizing it was the initiator of the reaction in Andrea Rossi?s experiment. We developed a specific treatment to increase the dimensionality of wire surface through the application of high peak power pulses. The wire is inserted in fiberglass . . . Anomalous Heat Excess (AHE), Electro-migration phenomena, H2 and/or D2 absorption at high temperatures into constantan, Isoperibolic and air-flow calorimetry, Low work function materials, Noble gases . . .
920	Claytor, T. N.	Claytor, T. N., Stringham, R., Fowler, M.	2019	Cavitation Effects on Various Metals in D2O	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	Cavitation at high frequency in close proximity to metal surfaces was investigated in D2O. A new miniaturized cavitation system was operated at 1.7 MHz and was small enough to fit into a sensitive Seebeck calorimeter. The 1.7 MHz reactor was designed to hold 20 g of D2O or H2O. The cells were operated in a pulsed mode for 1 or 2 min and then allowed to cool in the calorimeter. Target foils were placed in close proximity to the transducer and different foils show a maximum of about 13% change in measured excess heat output. Tritium measurements were made on the resulting liquid and showed a small initial increase. However, longer runs did not show a linear increase in tritium as the cavitation times were increased. No detectable signals were measured on a pancake gamma detector placed below the cavitation cells. Many different target foils (TF) (7 x 19 x 0.1 mm) were run in the system. A few showed some interesting surface features.	Bubble collapse, Cavitation, Cavitation damage, LENR, Particulate generation, Ultrasound	Claytor, T. N., Stringham, R., Fowler, M. 2019 Cavitation Effects on Various Metals in D2O J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Cavitation at high frequency in close proximity to metal surfaces was investigated in D2O. A new miniaturized cavitation system was operated at 1.7 MHz and was small enough to fit into a sensitive Seebeck calorimeter. The 1.7 MHz reactor was designed to hold 20 g of D2O or H2O. The cells were operated in a pulsed mode for 1 or 2 min and then allowed to cool in the calorimeter. Target foils were placed in close proximity to the transducer and different foils show a maximum of about 13% change in measured excess heat output. Tritium measurements were made on the resulting liquid and showed a small initial increase. However, longer runs did not show a linear increase in tritium as the cavitation times were increased. No detectable signals were measured on a pancake gamma detector placed below the cavitation cells. Many different target foils (TF) (7 x 19 x 0.1 mm) were run in the system. A few showed some interesting surface features. Bubble collapse, Cavitation, Cavitation damage, LENR, Particulate generation, Ultrasound
1,092	Di Tommaso, A. O.	Di Tommaso, A. O., Vassallo, G.	2019	Electron Structure, Ultra-dense Hydrogen and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	In this paper, a simple Zitterbewegung electron model, proposed in a previous work, is presented from a different perspective based on the principle of mass-frequency equivalence. A geometric-electromagnetic interpretation of mass, relativistic mass, De Broglie wavelength, Proca, Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Aharonov-Bohm equations in agreement with the model is proposed. A non-relativistic, Zitterbewegung interpretation of the 3.7 keV deep hydrogen level found by J. Naudts is presented. According to this perspective, ultra-dense hydrogen can be conceived as a coherent chain of bosonic electrons with protons or deuterons located in the center of their Zitterbewegung orbits. This approach suggests a possible role of ultra-dense hydrogen in some aneutronic and many-body low energy nuclear reactions.	Aharonov?Bohm equations, Aneutronic and many-body low energy nuclear reactions, Compact structures, De Broglie wavelength, Electron structure, . . .	Di Tommaso, A. O., Vassallo, G. 2019 Electron Structure, Ultra-dense Hydrogen and Low Energy Nuclear Reactions J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. In this paper, a simple Zitterbewegung electron model, proposed in a previous work, is presented from a different perspective based on the principle of mass-frequency equivalence. A geometric-electromagnetic interpretation of mass, relativistic mass, De Broglie wavelength, Proca, Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Aharonov-Bohm equations in agreement with the model is proposed. A non-relativistic, Zitterbewegung interpretation of the 3.7 keV deep hydrogen level found by J. Naudts is presented. According to this perspective, ultra-dense hydrogen can be conceived as a coherent chain of bosonic electrons with protons or deuterons located in the center of their Zitterbewegung orbits. This approach suggests a possible role of ultra-dense hydrogen in some aneutronic and many-body low energy nuclear reactions. Aharonov?Bohm equations, Aneutronic and many-body low energy nuclear reactions, Compact structures, De Broglie wavelength, Electron structure, . . .
1,127	Dong, Z. M.	Dong, Z. M., Liang, C. L., Li, X. Z., Zheng, S. X.	2019	Temperature Dependence of Excess Power in Both Electrolysis and Gas-loading Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	The earlier data from a "Heat after Death" electrolysis experiment and from a Tsinghua University gas-loading experiment are reviewed to show that temperature dependence of excess heat in both electrolysis and gas-loading experiments supports the straight-line behaviour in the semi-logarithmic plot discovered by Storms. Additional gas-loading data in seven Pd-tubes show that excess heat is correlated to a deuterium flux as a result of the diffusion process which is implied in this temperature dependence of excess heat.	Deuterium flux, Gas-loading experiment, NAE, NAZ, Pumping effect, Resonant surface capture model, Temperature dependence of excess heat	Dong, Z. M., Liang, C. L., Li, X. Z., Zheng, S. X. 2019 Temperature Dependence of Excess Power in Both Electrolysis and Gas-loading Experiments J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The earlier data from a "Heat after Death" electrolysis experiment and from a Tsinghua University gas-loading experiment are reviewed to show that temperature dependence of excess heat in both electrolysis and gas-loading experiments supports the straight-line behaviour in the semi-logarithmic plot discovered by Storms. Additional gas-loading data in seven Pd-tubes show that excess heat is correlated to a deuterium flux as a result of the diffusion process which is implied in this temperature dependence of excess heat. Deuterium flux, Gas-loading experiment, NAE, NAZ, Pumping effect, Resonant surface capture model, Temperature dependence of excess heat
1,333	Forsley, L.	Forsley, L., Mosier-Boss, P. A.	2019	Space Application of the GeNIE Hybrid (TM) Fusion-Fission Generator	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	Fast fission, Fusion, LANR, NASA, Space power		Forsley, L., Mosier-Boss, P. A. 2019 Space Application of the GeNIE Hybrid (TM) Fusion-Fission Generator J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Fast fission, Fusion, LANR, NASA, Space power
1,340	Fowler, M.	Fowler, M., Claytor, T. N.	2019	Development of a Sensitive Detection System for the Measurement of Trace Amounts of 4He in Deuterium, Hydrogen, and Other Gasses	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	Many LENR systems have been reported to generate small amounts of 4He from experiments that employ deuterium as part of the experiment. There are few analytical methods that can detect trace amounts of 4He in the presence of D2. Most commercial magnetic sector mass spectrometers are large and expensive and, while they have excellent ?m/m resolution, they still require some additional separation of He, such as a getter system to achieve ppb sensitivity. We have developed a lower cost, compact system that allows us to measure 4He down to sub ppm levels in D2 and other gasses. This system utilizes a column of activated carbon cooled with liquid nitrogen (LN2) that effectively absorbs everything but helium. Post absorption, the system uses an MKS Microvision residual gas analyzer (RGA) and a Stanford Research Systems (SRS) RS 100 RGA to check for helium purity. The helium eluted from the column is quantified by a small magnetic sector mass spectrometer tuned to mass 4. A typical sample size required to achieve ppb sensitivity to 4He is 50 cm3 at 50 Torr. Calibrations have been done with air, 4He in D2 at various concentrations and show a 3% variation from standard sample to standard sample. We will discuss the typical operation of this instrument and show results from various calibrations using different carrier gases.	Chromatographic gas separation, Helium analysis, LENR product analysis, Mass spectrometry, Trace gas analysis	Fowler, M., Claytor, T. N. 2019 Development of a Sensitive Detection System for the Measurement of Trace Amounts of 4He in Deuterium, Hydrogen, and Other Gasses J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Many LENR systems have been reported to generate small amounts of 4He from experiments that employ deuterium as part of the experiment. There are few analytical methods that can detect trace amounts of 4He in the presence of D2. Most commercial magnetic sector mass spectrometers are large and expensive and, while they have excellent ?m/m resolution, they still require some additional separation of He, such as a getter system to achieve ppb sensitivity. We have developed a lower cost, compact system that allows us to measure 4He down to sub ppm levels in D2 and other gasses. This system utilizes a column of activated carbon cooled with liquid nitrogen (LN2) that effectively absorbs everything but helium. Post absorption, the system uses an MKS Microvision residual gas analyzer (RGA) and a Stanford Research Systems (SRS) RS 100 RGA to check for helium purity. The helium eluted from the column is quantified by a small magnetic sector mass spectrometer tuned to mass 4. A typical sample size required to achieve ppb sensitivity to 4He is 50 cm3 at 50 Torr. Calibrations have been done with air, 4He in D2 at various concentrations and show a 3% variation from standard sample to standard sample. We will discuss the typical operation of this instrument and show results from various calibrations using different carrier gases. Chromatographic gas separation, Helium analysis, LENR product analysis, Mass spectrometry, Trace gas analysis
1,665	Hagelstein, P. L.	Hagelstein, P. L.	2019	Calculation of the Boosted Spin-orbit Contribution to the Phonon-Nuclear Coupling Matrix Element for 181Ta	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	29	2020-07-30	Modern deformed shell model single?proton wave functions are used to evaluate the boosted spin?orbit contribution to the phonon? nuclear interaction for the 6.237 keV transition in 181Ta. This is the lowest energy E1 transition from the ground state among the stable nuclei, and is important in connection with proposed excitation transfer and up-conversion experiments. . . .	Deformed nucleus, E1 radiative decay rate, Phonon?nuclear coupling, Phonon?nuclear matrix element, 181Ta	Hagelstein, P. L. 2019 Calculation of the Boosted Spin-orbit Contribution to the Phonon-Nuclear Coupling Matrix Element for 181Ta J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Modern deformed shell model single?proton wave functions are used to evaluate the boosted spin?orbit contribution to the phonon? nuclear interaction for the 6.237 keV transition in 181Ta. This is the lowest energy E1 transition from the ground state among the stable nuclei, and is important in connection with proposed excitation transfer and up-conversion experiments. . . . Deformed nucleus, E1 radiative decay rate, Phonon?nuclear coupling, Phonon?nuclear matrix element, 181Ta

ICCF-22 Proceedings in JCMNS 33

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
504	Bowen, N. L.	Bowen, N. L.	2020	The Electromagnetic Considerations of the Nuclear Force	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	This paper explores how the electromagnetic energies of the quarks within the nucleus affect the behavior of the Nuclear Force. By examining the electromagnetic energies and forces, many questions about nuclear behavior can be answered and many insights into the nucleus can be gained. Previous theoretical models for the nuclear force include only the Coulomb electric force of the protons, but with little or no consideration of the electromagnetic characteristics of the quarks. By incorporating the electromagnetic energies and forces into nuclear theory, this model has been able to achieve predictions of binding energy better than any previous model, doing so by using only one variable instead of five. This model unifies the nuclear force to the electromagnetic force.	Electromagnetic force, Nuclear binding energy, Nuclear bonding, Nuclear force, Nucleon?Nucleon force, Quarks	Bowen, N. L. 2020 The Electromagnetic Considerations of the Nuclear Force J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper explores how the electromagnetic energies of the quarks within the nucleus affect the behavior of the Nuclear Force. By examining the electromagnetic energies and forces, many questions about nuclear behavior can be answered and many insights into the nucleus can be gained. Previous theoretical models for the nuclear force include only the Coulomb electric force of the protons, but with little or no consideration of the electromagnetic characteristics of the quarks. By incorporating the electromagnetic energies and forces into nuclear theory, this model has been able to achieve predictions of binding energy better than any previous model, doing so by using only one variable instead of five. This model unifies the nuclear force to the electromagnetic force. Electromagnetic force, Nuclear binding energy, Nuclear bonding, Nuclear force, Nucleon?Nucleon force, Quarks
505	Bowen, N. L.	Bowen, N. L.	2020	An Examination of the Updated Empirical Data in Support of the Shell Model	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	This paper is an examination of the updated experimental data, as is currently known in 2020, in support of the shell model and its concepts. The shell model of the nuclear force is considered to be the fundamental and foundational model of the nuclear force -- that force which binds the nucleons together in a nucleus. The shell model was developed in the late 1940s, and it is based on the experimentally known nuclear data at that time, data which supported the concept of nuclear shells. Most textbooks, even the current ones, present this experimental data from the 1940s when discussing the validity of the shell model. However, a large amount of nuclear data has since been collected over the past 70 years, and a re-examination of the experimental data in support of the shell model is long overdue.	Liquid drop model, Nuclear bonding, Nuclear force, Nuclear stability. Separation energy, Shell model	Bowen, N. L. 2020 An Examination of the Updated Empirical Data in Support of the Shell Model J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper is an examination of the updated experimental data, as is currently known in 2020, in support of the shell model and its concepts. The shell model of the nuclear force is considered to be the fundamental and foundational model of the nuclear force -- that force which binds the nucleons together in a nucleus. The shell model was developed in the late 1940s, and it is based on the experimentally known nuclear data at that time, data which supported the concept of nuclear shells. Most textbooks, even the current ones, present this experimental data from the 1940s when discussing the validity of the shell model. However, a large amount of nuclear data has since been collected over the past 70 years, and a re-examination of the experimental data in support of the shell model is long overdue. Liquid drop model, Nuclear bonding, Nuclear force, Nuclear stability. Separation energy, Shell model
736	Celani, F.	Celani, F., Lorenzetti, C., Vassallo, G., Purchi, E., Fiorilla, S., Cupellini, S., Nakamura, M., Burri, R., Boccanera, P., Cerreoni, P., Spallone, A.	2020	Progress Toward an Understanding of LENR-AHE Effects in Coated Constantan Wires in D2 Atmosphere: DC/AC Voltage Stimulation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	This paper presents a summary and some deeper details about the experiments presented at the 22nd International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF22). It reports on the experimental study of LENR phenomena in Constantan (Cu55Ni44Mn1) from its inception in 2011 to the most recent experiments. Using an empirical approach we identified the effect of surface modification of the Constantan wires with coatings comprised of elements that enhance the absorption behavior, and oxides with low work function for electron emission. We also explored certain geometrical arrangements of the wires such as knots and coils in order to induce local thermal gradients and predictable hot-spots. Moreover, the DC polarization of the wires by a counter-electrode proved to be a versatile approach to induce non-equilibrium conditions that are essential for Anomalous Heat Effects (AHE), especially when a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is produced. From the review of experiments summarized in this article, we obtain indications that the main parameter controlling the AHE is the flux of reactive species through the surface of the loaded material. As a consequence, all other external conditions of the reactor core (voltage?current, temperature, pressure, electric field stimulations, DC and/or AC external fields), can be seen as co-factors that enable a flux of active species through surfaces and in the bulk of the materials. Although most of the tests are in agreement with a possible flux model, some results still lack an interpretation, probably due to limits of the experimental setup.	Anomalous Heat Excess (AHE), Cu?Ni?Mn alloy, Deuterium, Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD), Hydrogen, Low work function coatings, Nickel?Copper alloys, Nickel hydrides and deuterides	Celani, F., Lorenzetti, C., Vassallo, G., Purchi, E., Fiorilla, S., Cupellini, S., Nakamura, M., Burri, R., Boccanera, P., Cerreoni, P., Spallone, A. 2020 Progress Toward an Understanding of LENR-AHE Effects in Coated Constantan Wires in D2 Atmosphere: DC/AC Voltage Stimulation J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper presents a summary and some deeper details about the experiments presented at the 22nd International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF22). It reports on the experimental study of LENR phenomena in Constantan (Cu55Ni44Mn1) from its inception in 2011 to the most recent experiments. Using an empirical approach we identified the effect of surface modification of the Constantan wires with coatings comprised of elements that enhance the absorption behavior, and oxides with low work function for electron emission. We also explored certain geometrical arrangements of the wires such as knots and coils in order to induce local thermal gradients and predictable hot-spots. Moreover, the DC polarization of the wires by a counter-electrode proved to be a versatile approach to induce non-equilibrium conditions that are essential for Anomalous Heat Effects (AHE), especially when a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is produced. From the review of experiments summarized in this article, we obtain indications that the main parameter controlling the AHE is the flux of reactive species through the surface of the loaded material. As a consequence, all other external conditions of the reactor core (voltage?current, temperature, pressure, electric field stimulations, DC and/or AC external fields), can be seen as co-factors that enable a flux of active species through surfaces and in the bulk of the materials. Although most of the tests are in agreement with a possible flux model, some results still lack an interpretation, probably due to limits of the experimental setup. Anomalous Heat Excess (AHE), Cu?Ni?Mn alloy, Deuterium, Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD), Hydrogen, Low work function coatings, Nickel?Copper alloys, Nickel hydrides and deuterides
1,362	Fredericks, K.	Fredericks, K.	2020	Elliptic Tracks: Evidence For Superluminal Electrons?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	In the literature of Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), particle tracks in photographic emulsions (and other materials) associated with certain electrical discharges have been reported. Some Russian and French researchers have considered these particles to be magnetic monopoles. The mechanisms of energy deposition and track formation, while among the most important properties, are contradictory and the least understood of all of the observations. Our method of producing these tracks differs markedly from most other studies in that no electrical discharge is used as a source. Rather, tracks are created with a simple uniform exposure to photons. This simpler method of producing exactly the same tracks supports a more comprehensive exploration of particle track properties. Out of 750 exposures with this method, elliptic particle tracks were detected, 22 of which were compared to Bohr?Sommerfeld electron orbits in an idealized model. Ellipses fitted to the tracks were found to have quantized semi-major axis sizes with ratios of ? n2/a2 to corresponding Bohr?Sommerfeld hydrogen ellipses. This prompts inquiry relevant to magnetic monopoles due to the n2/a2 force difference between magnetic charge and electric charge using the Schwinger quantization condition. Analogy with the electron indicates that the elliptic tracks could be created by a bound magnetically charged particle with mass mm = 1.45 ? 10^-3 eV/c2, yet with superluminal velocities. Using a modified extended relativity model, mm becomes the relativistic mass of a superluminal electron, with m0 = 5.11 ? 10^5 eV/c2, the fine structure constant becomes a mass ratio and charge quantization is the result of two states of the electron. Relevance of this new model is considered in light of the observed inconsistencies in track formation.	Elliptic orbits, Faster-than-light, Kepler orbits, LENR, Monopoles, Particle tracks, Photographic emulsion, Strange radiation, Superluminal, Tachyons	Fredericks, K. 2020 Elliptic Tracks: Evidence For Superluminal Electrons? J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. In the literature of Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), particle tracks in photographic emulsions (and other materials) associated with certain electrical discharges have been reported. Some Russian and French researchers have considered these particles to be magnetic monopoles. The mechanisms of energy deposition and track formation, while among the most important properties, are contradictory and the least understood of all of the observations. Our method of producing these tracks differs markedly from most other studies in that no electrical discharge is used as a source. Rather, tracks are created with a simple uniform exposure to photons. This simpler method of producing exactly the same tracks supports a more comprehensive exploration of particle track properties. Out of 750 exposures with this method, elliptic particle tracks were detected, 22 of which were compared to Bohr?Sommerfeld electron orbits in an idealized model. Ellipses fitted to the tracks were found to have quantized semi-major axis sizes with ratios of ? n2/a2 to corresponding Bohr?Sommerfeld hydrogen ellipses. This prompts inquiry relevant to magnetic monopoles due to the n2/a2 force difference between magnetic charge and electric charge using the Schwinger quantization condition. Analogy with the electron indicates that the elliptic tracks could be created by a bound magnetically charged particle with mass mm = 1.45 ? 10^-3 eV/c2, yet with superluminal velocities. Using a modified extended relativity model, mm becomes the relativistic mass of a superluminal electron, with m0 = 5.11 ? 10^5 eV/c2, the fine structure constant becomes a mass ratio and charge quantization is the result of two states of the electron. Relevance of this new model is considered in light of the observed inconsistencies in track formation. Elliptic orbits, Faster-than-light, Kepler orbits, LENR, Monopoles, Particle tracks, Photographic emulsion, Strange radiation, Superluminal, Tachyons
1,883	Iwamura, Y.	Iwamura, Y., Itoh, T., Kasagi, J., Murakami, S., Saito, M.	2020	Excess Energy Generation using a Nano-sized Multilayer Metal Composite and Hydrogen Gas	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	New type of excess heat experiments using a nano-sized metal multilayer composite and hydrogen gas have been performed based on the permeation-induced transmutation experiments with multilayer thin film and excess heat experiments with nano-particles. Two nano-sized metal multilayer composite samples, which were composed of Ni, Cu, CaO, Y2O3 thin films on bulk Ni (25 mm ? 25 mm ? 0.1 mm), were placed in a vacuum chamber. These samples were fabricated by Ar ion beam sputtering method. After baking of the samples, H2 gas was introduced into the chamber up to about 230 Pa at 250 deg C. Then, the Ni based multilayer thin films started to absorb H2 gas. Amount of absorbed H2 gas can be evaluated by the pressure measurement of the chamber. Typically, after about 50,000 s, H2 gas was evacuated and simultaneously the samples were heated up by the ceramic heater up to 500?900 deg C. The evacuation and heating process seem to trigger heat generation reactions. Heat burst phenomena were simultaneously detected by a radiation thermometer looking at the surface of the multilayer thin film and a thermocouple located near the metal composite. It shows that heat measurement by the thermocouple embedded in the ceramic heater correctly reflects surface temperature detected by the radiation thermometer. Excess energy generation using nano-sized multilayer Cu/Ni metal composite and Cu/Ni metal with third material (CaO, Y2O3) composite were presented. Maximum released excess energy reached 1.1 MJ and average released energy per absorbed total hydrogen was 16 keV/H or 1.5 GJ/H-mol. It cannot be explained by any known chemical process and suggests that the observed heat generation must be of nuclear origin. Various analysis methods, such as SEM-EDX or TOF-SIMS, had been applied to obtain information about what kind of reactions occur by the interaction of the nano-sized multilayer metal composite with hydrogen gas.	Anomalous heat, Excess heat, Gas loading, Heat burst, Hydrogen gas, Multilayer thin film, Nano material, Nano-sized metal composite	Iwamura, Y., Itoh, T., Kasagi, J., Murakami, S., Saito, M. 2020 Excess Energy Generation using a Nano-sized Multilayer Metal Composite and Hydrogen Gas J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. New type of excess heat experiments using a nano-sized metal multilayer composite and hydrogen gas have been performed based on the permeation-induced transmutation experiments with multilayer thin film and excess heat experiments with nano-particles. Two nano-sized metal multilayer composite samples, which were composed of Ni, Cu, CaO, Y2O3 thin films on bulk Ni (25 mm ? 25 mm ? 0.1 mm), were placed in a vacuum chamber. These samples were fabricated by Ar ion beam sputtering method. After baking of the samples, H2 gas was introduced into the chamber up to about 230 Pa at 250 deg C. Then, the Ni based multilayer thin films started to absorb H2 gas. Amount of absorbed H2 gas can be evaluated by the pressure measurement of the chamber. Typically, after about 50,000 s, H2 gas was evacuated and simultaneously the samples were heated up by the ceramic heater up to 500?900 deg C. The evacuation and heating process seem to trigger heat generation reactions. Heat burst phenomena were simultaneously detected by a radiation thermometer looking at the surface of the multilayer thin film and a thermocouple located near the metal composite. It shows that heat measurement by the thermocouple embedded in the ceramic heater correctly reflects surface temperature detected by the radiation thermometer. Excess energy generation using nano-sized multilayer Cu/Ni metal composite and Cu/Ni metal with third material (CaO, Y2O3) composite were presented. Maximum released excess energy reached 1.1 MJ and average released energy per absorbed total hydrogen was 16 keV/H or 1.5 GJ/H-mol. It cannot be explained by any known chemical process and suggests that the observed heat generation must be of nuclear origin. Various analysis methods, such as SEM-EDX or TOF-SIMS, had been applied to obtain information about what kind of reactions occur by the interaction of the nano-sized multilayer metal composite with hydrogen gas. Anomalous heat, Excess heat, Gas loading, Heat burst, Hydrogen gas, Multilayer thin film, Nano material, Nano-sized metal composite
1,899	Jaitner, L.	Jaitner, L.	2020	Condensed Plasmoids (CPs) - A Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Nuclear Active Environment of LENR	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	Researchers have long been puzzled about the basic nuclear reaction mechanisms of low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR). Usually the crystal lattice or nano-particles (among others) are assumed to be the nuclear active environment that catalyzes the reaction somehow. In contrast, the author has built a quantum-mechanical model of the nuclear active environment in LENR, where this environment is modeled as an ultra-dense plasmoid, i.e. a "condensed plasmoid" (CP). The computed properties of CPs are so exotic that CPs qualify as a previously unknown aggregation state of matter. The quantum-mechanical model of CPs is based on the cylindrical symmetry of a very thin (i.e. about 40 pm) plasma "wire". (The quantitative properties given in the abstract depend on the configuration of the CP; these are just examples.) The electrons of a CP are fully delocalized and decoupled from the nuclei. They are moving with high velocity (10?80% of light speed) against the nuclei. This results in an intrinsic current of about 9 kA in the CP with a mean current density of approximately 2.5 A/pm2. The magnetic field from this current reaches 50 MT (magatesla) and creates a confinement pressure of more than 1021 Pa. The electrons are compressed by the strong z-pinch condition to a mean density of about 0.15 electrons/pm3. The creation of a CP is an endothermic process (i.e. it takes in energy from an external source), which typically requires discharges with high voltages and high currents. Once created, these objects can be long-living (lasting hours). The minimum distance of hydrogen nuclei in a CP is only about 2 pm, which enables tunneling of nuclei through the Coulomb barrier, i.e. nuclear fusion. The barrier is also much screened by the dense electrons.	Charge clusters, EVs, EVOs, LENR, Nuclear active environment, Pease-?Braginskii current, Plasmoids, Rradiative collapse, Strange radiation, z-Pinch	Jaitner, L. 2020 Condensed Plasmoids (CPs) - A Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Nuclear Active Environment of LENR J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Researchers have long been puzzled about the basic nuclear reaction mechanisms of low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR). Usually the crystal lattice or nano-particles (among others) are assumed to be the nuclear active environment that catalyzes the reaction somehow. In contrast, the author has built a quantum-mechanical model of the nuclear active environment in LENR, where this environment is modeled as an ultra-dense plasmoid, i.e. a "condensed plasmoid" (CP). The computed properties of CPs are so exotic that CPs qualify as a previously unknown aggregation state of matter. The quantum-mechanical model of CPs is based on the cylindrical symmetry of a very thin (i.e. about 40 pm) plasma "wire". (The quantitative properties given in the abstract depend on the configuration of the CP; these are just examples.) The electrons of a CP are fully delocalized and decoupled from the nuclei. They are moving with high velocity (10?80% of light speed) against the nuclei. This results in an intrinsic current of about 9 kA in the CP with a mean current density of approximately 2.5 A/pm2. The magnetic field from this current reaches 50 MT (magatesla) and creates a confinement pressure of more than 1021 Pa. The electrons are compressed by the strong z-pinch condition to a mean density of about 0.15 electrons/pm3. The creation of a CP is an endothermic process (i.e. it takes in energy from an external source), which typically requires discharges with high voltages and high currents. Once created, these objects can be long-living (lasting hours). The minimum distance of hydrogen nuclei in a CP is only about 2 pm, which enables tunneling of nuclei through the Coulomb barrier, i.e. nuclear fusion. The barrier is also much screened by the dense electrons. Charge clusters, EVs, EVOs, LENR, Nuclear active environment, Pease-?Braginskii current, Plasmoids, Rradiative collapse, Strange radiation, z-Pinch
2,223	Kornilova, A. A.	Kornilova, A. A., Gaydamaka, S., Panchishin, A. I., Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M., Bolotokov, A. A.	2020	The Possible Role of LENR in Dentistry (Reasons, Effects and Prevention)	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	The possibility of the influence of nuclear effects on the destruction of the tooth surface using dental implants made of titanium is considered. It has been shown for the first time that this process is associated with LENR occurring between selective titanium and calcium isotopes and leading to the formation of a molybdenum isotope. This reaction is stimulated by the growth of natural microbiological cultures located in the oral cavity. The mechanism of such reactions is associated with the formation of coherent correlated states, which are formed due to the topological features of growing microcultures.	Coherent correlated states of particles, LENR in medicine, Nuclear reaction in microbiological systems	Kornilova, A. A., Gaydamaka, S., Panchishin, A. I., Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M., Bolotokov, A. A. 2020 The Possible Role of LENR in Dentistry (Reasons, Effects and Prevention) J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The possibility of the influence of nuclear effects on the destruction of the tooth surface using dental implants made of titanium is considered. It has been shown for the first time that this process is associated with LENR occurring between selective titanium and calcium isotopes and leading to the formation of a molybdenum isotope. This reaction is stimulated by the growth of natural microbiological cultures located in the oral cavity. The mechanism of such reactions is associated with the formation of coherent correlated states, which are formed due to the topological features of growing microcultures. Coherent correlated states of particles, LENR in medicine, Nuclear reaction in microbiological systems
2,930	Miles, M.	Miles, M.	2020	The Thermoneutral Potential in Electrochemical Calorimetry for the Pd/D2O System	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	The thermoneutral potential (EH) for any electrochemical reaction corresponds to the enthalpy change (?H) for that reaction. The D2O electrolysis reaction produces an enthalpy change of ?H = 294.600 J/mol of D2O which yields a thermoneutral potential ofEH = -1.5267 V (-?H/2F ). This thermoneutral potential will apply throughout a Pd/D2O calorimetric experiment except for the first day or two where the loading of deuterium into the palladium cathode occurs. The changes in ?H and EH during loading and their effect on measurements of excess power will be presented. It is concluded that the changes in EH during deuterium loading do not explain the very early excess power measurements for Pd?B cathodes. Furthermore, boron may be a critical component for the excess power effect in the palladium ? D2O system.	Boron, Deuterium, Electrochemistry, Enthalpy, Excess power, Loading, Palladium, Palladium?Boron alloys, Thermoneutral potential	Miles, M. 2020 The Thermoneutral Potential in Electrochemical Calorimetry for the Pd/D2O System J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The thermoneutral potential (EH) for any electrochemical reaction corresponds to the enthalpy change (?H) for that reaction. The D2O electrolysis reaction produces an enthalpy change of ?H = 294.600 J/mol of D2O which yields a thermoneutral potential ofEH = -1.5267 V (-?H/2F ). This thermoneutral potential will apply throughout a Pd/D2O calorimetric experiment except for the first day or two where the loading of deuterium into the palladium cathode occurs. The changes in ?H and EH during loading and their effect on measurements of excess power will be presented. It is concluded that the changes in EH during deuterium loading do not explain the very early excess power measurements for Pd?B cathodes. Furthermore, boron may be a critical component for the excess power effect in the palladium ? D2O system. Boron, Deuterium, Electrochemistry, Enthalpy, Excess power, Loading, Palladium, Palladium?Boron alloys, Thermoneutral potential
3,336	Paillet, J-L.	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A.	2020	Highly Relativistic Deep Electrons and the Dirac Equation	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	After analyzing, in the literature, deep orbit results of relativistic quantum equations, we studied them in a semi-classical way, by looking for a local minimum of total energy of an electron near the nucleus, while respecting the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation (HUR). Now, while using new information thanks to semi-classical computations, we come back to deep electrons as solutions of the Dirac equation, to solve several important and subtle outstanding issues, such as the continuity of derivatives of wave functions, a spectral problem about the energy levels associated with the wave functions to compute, as well as essential relativistic and energy parameters of the solutions. We thus obtain a better completeness of the solutions. Finally, we give some approaches on the probability of the presence of Electron Deep Orbit (EDO) states in H atom.	Deep electron levels, Dirac equation, Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, LENR, Relativistic effects	Paillet, J-L., Meulenberg, A. 2020 Highly Relativistic Deep Electrons and the Dirac Equation J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. After analyzing, in the literature, deep orbit results of relativistic quantum equations, we studied them in a semi-classical way, by looking for a local minimum of total energy of an electron near the nucleus, while respecting the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation (HUR). Now, while using new information thanks to semi-classical computations, we come back to deep electrons as solutions of the Dirac equation, to solve several important and subtle outstanding issues, such as the continuity of derivatives of wave functions, a spectral problem about the energy levels associated with the wave functions to compute, as well as essential relativistic and energy parameters of the solutions. We thus obtain a better completeness of the solutions. Finally, we give some approaches on the probability of the presence of Electron Deep Orbit (EDO) states in H atom. Deep electron levels, Dirac equation, Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, LENR, Relativistic effects
3,664	Ruer, J.	Ruer, J.	2020	Basics of Air-Flow Calorimetry	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	33	2020-08-26	In the Mass Flow Calorimetry method, the heat released by an LENR reactor under test is measured by monitoring the temperature increase of a known flow of fluid passing over it. In the Air Flow Calorimetry method (AFC), the fluid is air. AFC appears to be a relatively simple method to measure the amount of heat produced by an LENR reactor. It is well suited when the LENR reactor surface temperature is high. It is easier to build than mass flow calorimeters using water-cooled or oil-cooled systems. Basically, the calorimeter is designed such that all the heat produced by the device under test is transferred to a known mass flow of cooling air. The accuracy of the method is governed by the control of the heat losses, the mass flow-rate of cooling air, the air heat capacity, the measure of the average air temperatures at inlet and outlet. Transpiration cooling is an efficient design to minimize the heat losses. The AFC method can be applied to reactors of any size and surface temperature. Its use is restricted to the testing of reactors that work continuously, because thermal equilibrium must be reached to make valid measurements. A thorough calibration procedure is essential to minimize the influence of errors on mass flows and temperature differences.	Air flow calorimetry, Air heat capacity, Calibration, Flow meters, Heat measurement, High temperature, Transpiration cooling, Craters , Explosion, LENR, Melting	Ruer, J. 2020 Basics of Air-Flow Calorimetry J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. In the Mass Flow Calorimetry method, the heat released by an LENR reactor under test is measured by monitoring the temperature increase of a known flow of fluid passing over it. In the Air Flow Calorimetry method (AFC), the fluid is air. AFC appears to be a relatively simple method to measure the amount of heat produced by an LENR reactor. It is well suited when the LENR reactor surface temperature is high. It is easier to build than mass flow calorimeters using water-cooled or oil-cooled systems. Basically, the calorimeter is designed such that all the heat produced by the device under test is transferred to a known mass flow of cooling air. The accuracy of the method is governed by the control of the heat losses, the mass flow-rate of cooling air, the air heat capacity, the measure of the average air temperatures at inlet and outlet. Transpiration cooling is an efficient design to minimize the heat losses. The AFC method can be applied to reactors of any size and surface temperature. Its use is restricted to the testing of reactors that work continuously, because thermal equilibrium must be reached to make valid measurements. A thorough calibration procedure is essential to minimize the influence of errors on mass flows and temperature differences. Air flow calorimetry, Air heat capacity, Calibration, Flow meters, Heat measurement, High temperature, Transpiration cooling, Craters , Explosion, LENR, Melting

ICCF-23 Proceedings in JCMNS 36

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
236	Bartalucci, S.	Bartalucci, S., Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M.	2022	A Search for Correlated Quantum States in Nuclear Reactions: First Exciting Results From an Experimental Test	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	The first experimental test of the Correlated-Coherent quantum States (CCS) model is described in this paper, showing its poten- tialities in the explanation of anomalous effects in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Some very interesting events, which cannot be ascribed to background, have been observed. The occurrence of nuclear reactions at very low energy is a clear indication of a strong enhancement of Coulomb barrier transmissivity. Some technical issues, which are related to this difficult experiment are discussed, and possible suggestions for the next activity on this topic are also presented.	Correlated quantum states, effective Planck constant, proton-lithium reaction at sub-keV energy, monocrystal target, vapor target	Bartalucci, S., Vysotskii, V., Vysotskyy, M. 2022 A Search for Correlated Quantum States in Nuclear Reactions: First Exciting Results From an Experimental Test J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The first experimental test of the Correlated-Coherent quantum States (CCS) model is described in this paper, showing its poten- tialities in the explanation of anomalous effects in nuclear physics and astrophysics. Some very interesting events, which cannot be ascribed to background, have been observed. The occurrence of nuclear reactions at very low energy is a clear indication of a strong enhancement of Coulomb barrier transmissivity. Some technical issues, which are related to this difficult experiment are discussed, and possible suggestions for the next activity on this topic are also presented. Correlated quantum states, effective Planck constant, proton-lithium reaction at sub-keV energy, monocrystal target, vapor target
506	Bowen, N. L.	Bowen, N. L.	2022	Discrepancies with the Recent Models of Nucleons	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	Recent theoretical calculations about the mass of the partons within protons have raised questions, specifically regarding what comprises the bulk of the mass of the nucleons. As a result of these recent theoretical calculations and the questions they precipitate, there are many new models of the nucleons that claim to have solved the question of the missing nucleon mass. This paper is an examination these recent nucleon models, exploring the accuracy of the science, the mathematics, and the concepts described therein.		Bowen, N. L. 2022 Discrepancies with the Recent Models of Nucleons J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Recent theoretical calculations about the mass of the partons within protons have raised questions, specifically regarding what comprises the bulk of the mass of the nucleons. As a result of these recent theoretical calculations and the questions they precipitate, there are many new models of the nucleons that claim to have solved the question of the missing nucleon mass. This paper is an examination these recent nucleon models, exploring the accuracy of the science, the mathematics, and the concepts described therein.
507	Bowen, N. L.	Bowen, N. L.	2022	The Electromagnetic Considerations of the Nuclear Force -- PART II: The Determination of the Lowest Energy Configurations for Nuclei	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	This paper explores how the electromagnetic energies of the quarks within the atomic nucleus affect the behavior of the Nuclear Force. By examining the electromagnetic energies and forces, many questions about nuclear behavior can be answered, and many insights into the atomic nucleus can be gained. Previous theoretical models for the Nuclear Force include only the Coulomb electric force of the protons, but with little or no consideration of the electromagnetic characteristics of the quarks. By incorporating the electromagnetic energies and forces into nuclear theory, this model has been able to achieve predictions of binding energy better than any previous model, doing so by using only one parameter instead of the five parameters used in the semi-empirical Weizs?cker formula of the Liquid Drop Model. The Electromagnetic Model unifies the Nuclear Force to the Electromagnetic Force. The Electromagnetic Model of the Nuclear Force includes the calculation of electromagnetics of the quarks, and by doing such, it is shown that the Nuclear Force is significantly influenced by the Electromagnetic Forces of the quarks. This paper, Part II of this series, illustrates the ground state configurations of the atomic nuclei, showing the basic segments of how the protons and neutrons cluster together, and how these segments bond to form larger atomic nuclei. A pattern emerges for the ground state configurations due to the uniformity of the electromagnetic laws. Diagrams are shown for this basic pattern, for both stable and radioactive atomic nuclei. By incorporating the electromagnetic energies and forces into nuclear theory, this model has been able to achieve not only excellent predictions of binding energy, but the ability to answer many other questions regarding the various behaviors of atomic nuclei.	Electromagnetics, Nuclear Force, Quarks, Nuclear molecules, Clustering, Nuclear diagrams, Lowest energy state	Bowen, N. L. 2022 The Electromagnetic Considerations of the Nuclear Force -- PART II: The Determination of the Lowest Energy Configurations for Nuclei J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper explores how the electromagnetic energies of the quarks within the atomic nucleus affect the behavior of the Nuclear Force. By examining the electromagnetic energies and forces, many questions about nuclear behavior can be answered, and many insights into the atomic nucleus can be gained. Previous theoretical models for the Nuclear Force include only the Coulomb electric force of the protons, but with little or no consideration of the electromagnetic characteristics of the quarks. By incorporating the electromagnetic energies and forces into nuclear theory, this model has been able to achieve predictions of binding energy better than any previous model, doing so by using only one parameter instead of the five parameters used in the semi-empirical Weizs?cker formula of the Liquid Drop Model. The Electromagnetic Model unifies the Nuclear Force to the Electromagnetic Force. The Electromagnetic Model of the Nuclear Force includes the calculation of electromagnetics of the quarks, and by doing such, it is shown that the Nuclear Force is significantly influenced by the Electromagnetic Forces of the quarks. This paper, Part II of this series, illustrates the ground state configurations of the atomic nuclei, showing the basic segments of how the protons and neutrons cluster together, and how these segments bond to form larger atomic nuclei. A pattern emerges for the ground state configurations due to the uniformity of the electromagnetic laws. Diagrams are shown for this basic pattern, for both stable and radioactive atomic nuclei. By incorporating the electromagnetic energies and forces into nuclear theory, this model has been able to achieve not only excellent predictions of binding energy, but the ability to answer many other questions regarding the various behaviors of atomic nuclei. Electromagnetics, Nuclear Force, Quarks, Nuclear molecules, Clustering, Nuclear diagrams, Lowest energy state
738	Celani, F.	Celani, F., Spallone, A., Lorenzetti, C., Purchi, E., Fiorilla, S., Cupellini, S., Nakamura, M., Cerreoni, P., Burri, R., Boccanera, P., Marano, E.	2022	Electromagnetic Excitation of Coaxially-Coiled Constantan Wires by High-Power, High-Voltage, Microsecond Pulses	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	This paper is mostly based on our presentation given at the 23rd International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF23) held at Xiamen University (XMU)-PRC on June 9-11, 2021. Upon the suggestion of the Conference Organizers, we added a detailed explanation of our procedures; moreover, we included the latest results and data from our recently published papers. In the framework of LENR-AHE (Low Energy Nuclear Reaction - Anomalous Heat Effects) studies, since 2021, we have been focused on innovative, low-cost materials instead of the usual, precious metal palladium. We found that the Cu-Ni alloy, known as Constantan (also used for J-type thermocouple construction), has the peculiarity of being able to easily dissociate H2 (or D2) from molecular to an atomic state. While the catalytic feature appears at a rather low temperature (150 ?C), Constantan is also able to store atomic hydrogen within its lattice and/or at surfaces, up to temperature of 700-800 ?C, and in a wide range of pressures. Thanks to our long experience (since 1994) with wires, we designed various experiments that take advantage of such specific shapes, namely in terms of electromigration of absorbed and adsorbed H, under a suitable longitudinal electric field (0.4-2.5 V/cm), DC and/or pulsed. In 1995 we got noticeable results using Pd wires in electrolytic environments (D2O) at mild temperatures (40-60 ?C). Later on, in some experiments, we used even gaseous environments at high temperatures (up to 700-800 ?C). . . .	H2-induced LENR-AHE, H2 electromigration, High power electric pulses, Hydrogen flux, Memory effect	Celani, F., Spallone, A., Lorenzetti, C., Purchi, E., Fiorilla, S., Cupellini, S., Nakamura, M., Cerreoni, P., Burri, R., Boccanera, P., Marano, E. 2022 Electromagnetic Excitation of Coaxially-Coiled Constantan Wires by High-Power, High-Voltage, Microsecond Pulses J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper is mostly based on our presentation given at the 23rd International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF23) held at Xiamen University (XMU)-PRC on June 9-11, 2021. Upon the suggestion of the Conference Organizers, we added a detailed explanation of our procedures; moreover, we included the latest results and data from our recently published papers. In the framework of LENR-AHE (Low Energy Nuclear Reaction - Anomalous Heat Effects) studies, since 2021, we have been focused on innovative, low-cost materials instead of the usual, precious metal palladium. We found that the Cu-Ni alloy, known as Constantan (also used for J-type thermocouple construction), has the peculiarity of being able to easily dissociate H2 (or D2) from molecular to an atomic state. While the catalytic feature appears at a rather low temperature (150 ?C), Constantan is also able to store atomic hydrogen within its lattice and/or at surfaces, up to temperature of 700-800 ?C, and in a wide range of pressures. Thanks to our long experience (since 1994) with wires, we designed various experiments that take advantage of such specific shapes, namely in terms of electromigration of absorbed and adsorbed H, under a suitable longitudinal electric field (0.4-2.5 V/cm), DC and/or pulsed. In 1995 we got noticeable results using Pd wires in electrolytic environments (D2O) at mild temperatures (40-60 ?C). Later on, in some experiments, we used even gaseous environments at high temperatures (up to 700-800 ?C). . . . H2-induced LENR-AHE, H2 electromigration, High power electric pulses, Hydrogen flux, Memory effect
1,482	Goncharov, A. I.	Goncharov, A. I., Kirkinskii, V. A.	2022	Formation of Hydrogen Miniatoms in the Medium of Free Electrons-the Key to the Mechanism of Low-energy Nuclear Reactions	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	We have modeled the behavior of hydrogen atoms in the flow of free electrons in metals by the molecular dynamic method. The trajectories of the particles were calculated by numerically solving a system of differential equations of mechanics. Relativistic equations were used, and the interaction of particles was considered Coulombic without taking into account magnetic effects. About 104 stories were modeled, each of them containing up to 100 collisions of free electrons with a hydrogen atom. The total number of simulated atoms that experienced collisions was ~ 10^6. Dynamic modeling revealed the formation of neutral particles consisting of protons (deuterons) with an electron rotating around them in nonstationary, close to elliptical orbits with an apogee to a distance of less than 10^-11 cm and to a perigee of ~ 10^-12 cm. These particles, which are continuously changing in size and shape, are up to 3 to 4 orders of magnitude smaller than ordinary hydrogen atoms, and 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than neutrons. Such nonstationary hydrogen miniatoms can exist for a short time (on our estimate, up to ~ 10^-12 sec.) in the environment of free electrons of metals, easily move in them and, like neutrons, approach the nuclei of isotopes of hydrogen or other elements at a distance at which nuclear fusion reactions or transmutation of elements are possible due to the tunneling effect. Taking into account the formation of such hydrogen miniatoms the previously calculated rate of low-energy nuclear reactions in metals1^-6 increases more than by 5 ? 6 orders of magnitude, that is, to values corresponding to experimental data. Formation of hydrogen miniatoms in the medium of free electrons is of primary importance in the mechanism of low-energy nuclear reactions.	LENR, Molecular dynamics, Hydrogen mini-atoms	Goncharov, A. I., Kirkinskii, V. A. 2022 Formation of Hydrogen Miniatoms in the Medium of Free Electrons-the Key to the Mechanism of Low-energy Nuclear Reactions J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. We have modeled the behavior of hydrogen atoms in the flow of free electrons in metals by the molecular dynamic method. The trajectories of the particles were calculated by numerically solving a system of differential equations of mechanics. Relativistic equations were used, and the interaction of particles was considered Coulombic without taking into account magnetic effects. About 104 stories were modeled, each of them containing up to 100 collisions of free electrons with a hydrogen atom. The total number of simulated atoms that experienced collisions was ~ 10^6. Dynamic modeling revealed the formation of neutral particles consisting of protons (deuterons) with an electron rotating around them in nonstationary, close to elliptical orbits with an apogee to a distance of less than 10^-11 cm and to a perigee of ~ 10^-12 cm. These particles, which are continuously changing in size and shape, are up to 3 to 4 orders of magnitude smaller than ordinary hydrogen atoms, and 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than neutrons. Such nonstationary hydrogen miniatoms can exist for a short time (on our estimate, up to ~ 10^-12 sec.) in the environment of free electrons of metals, easily move in them and, like neutrons, approach the nuclei of isotopes of hydrogen or other elements at a distance at which nuclear fusion reactions or transmutation of elements are possible due to the tunneling effect. Taking into account the formation of such hydrogen miniatoms the previously calculated rate of low-energy nuclear reactions in metals1^-6 increases more than by 5 ? 6 orders of magnitude, that is, to values corresponding to experimental data. Formation of hydrogen miniatoms in the medium of free electrons is of primary importance in the mechanism of low-energy nuclear reactions. LENR, Molecular dynamics, Hydrogen mini-atoms
1,491	Gordon, F.	Gordon, F., Whitehouse, H. J.	2022	Lattice Energy Converter II: Iron Hydrogen Host Material	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	Continuing development of Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) technology has resulted in both experimental and theoretical advancements. Replicated experimental results and analysis for a LEC wherein a codeposited palladium-hydrogen working electrode produced spontaneous and sustained electrical energy attributed to ionizing radiation have been previously reported. Herein is reported the use of a working electrode comprised of codeposited iron-hydrogen from an aqueous solution of FeCl2 which demonstrated similar capabilities to produce spontaneous and sustained electrical energy as well as ionizing radiation. These results also have been replicated. http://ikkem.com/iccf23/PPT/Invited%20Gordon%20ICCF%2023%20LEC%20T5.MP4. This paper updates the presentation at the workshop in honor of Dr. Srinivasan in January 2021 which is available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4dzTWY_aWM This paper provides additional analysis that supports the observed experi- mental results from both presentations.	Direct energy conversion, Electricity generation, Ionizing radiation	Gordon, F., Whitehouse, H. J. 2022 Lattice Energy Converter II: Iron Hydrogen Host Material J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Continuing development of Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) technology has resulted in both experimental and theoretical advancements. Replicated experimental results and analysis for a LEC wherein a codeposited palladium-hydrogen working electrode produced spontaneous and sustained electrical energy attributed to ionizing radiation have been previously reported. Herein is reported the use of a working electrode comprised of codeposited iron-hydrogen from an aqueous solution of FeCl2 which demonstrated similar capabilities to produce spontaneous and sustained electrical energy as well as ionizing radiation. These results also have been replicated. http://ikkem.com/iccf23/PPT/Invited%20Gordon%20ICCF%2023%20LEC%20T5.MP4. This paper updates the presentation at the workshop in honor of Dr. Srinivasan in January 2021 which is available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4dzTWY_aWM This paper provides additional analysis that supports the observed experi- mental results from both presentations. Direct energy conversion, Electricity generation, Ionizing radiation
1,561	Grimshaw, T.	Grimshaw, T.	2022	Mitigating the Loss of Irreplaceable LENR Research Records	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	An initiative is underway to document the records of cold fusion researchers while the information is still available. Now more than 30 years after the 1989 LENR announcement, many of these investigators are leaving the field. Projects under the LENR Research Documentation Initiative (LRDI) generally begin with a site visit where information is collected and interviews are conducted. Provision is made for securing the records, and a project report is prepared. More than 20 projects including over 25 participants and collaborators have been performed or are underway. The LRDI includes a major outreach effort to ensure participation and promote the overall standing of cold fusion. Future plans for the initiative call for additional participants and more in-depth coverage of research documented in previous projects. An integrated LRDI report including summaries of the individual projects is being prepared. Documentation of the large body of LENR research is essential both for the field and for humankind generally. Capturing the records enhances the prospects of the field by demonstrating the large amount of the information and the credibility of the researchers. The future of humanity depends on developing an inexhaustible supply of clean and inexpensive energy. LENR is one of the best candidates currently available to meet this need.	LENR Research, Research Documentation, Cold Fusion Records	Grimshaw, T. 2022 Mitigating the Loss of Irreplaceable LENR Research Records J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. An initiative is underway to document the records of cold fusion researchers while the information is still available. Now more than 30 years after the 1989 LENR announcement, many of these investigators are leaving the field. Projects under the LENR Research Documentation Initiative (LRDI) generally begin with a site visit where information is collected and interviews are conducted. Provision is made for securing the records, and a project report is prepared. More than 20 projects including over 25 participants and collaborators have been performed or are underway. The LRDI includes a major outreach effort to ensure participation and promote the overall standing of cold fusion. Future plans for the initiative call for additional participants and more in-depth coverage of research documented in previous projects. An integrated LRDI report including summaries of the individual projects is being prepared. Documentation of the large body of LENR research is essential both for the field and for humankind generally. Capturing the records enhances the prospects of the field by demonstrating the large amount of the information and the credibility of the researchers. The future of humanity depends on developing an inexhaustible supply of clean and inexpensive energy. LENR is one of the best candidates currently available to meet this need. LENR Research, Research Documentation, Cold Fusion Records
1,672	Hagelstein, P. L.	Hagelstein, P. L.	2022	Recent Progress on Phonon-Nuclear Theoretical Models	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	Excess heat in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment presents numerous challenges for theorists, the biggest of which is to account for the absence of energetic nuclear particles in amounts commensurate with the energy produced. Our focus has been on the development of such a model, with recent progress reviewed. To account for excess heat production we contemplate a complicated model based on nuclear excitation transfer, subdivision and the down-conversion of keV nuclear quanta to a large number of phonons. The phonon-nuclear interaction that provides the foundation has been derived from a many-nucleon Dirac formalism, and we discuss recent efforts to confirm and improve upon the derivation. The quantification of the models under consideration require the evaluation of phonon-nuclear matrix elements, with recent progress discussed. The first step in the excess heat model involves the excitation transfer of a 24 MeV quantum associated with the D2/4He transition, which motivates a consideration of modeling and connections with experiments showing low-level energetic nuclear emissions. The analogous first step in the case of the 5.5 MeV quantum associated with the HD/3He transition is considered, where there is the possibility of low-level energetic nuclear emission, and where the issue of the availability of near-resonant energy levels can be studied. A nearby level in 137Cs is identified, which suggests a possible mechanism for the acceleration of the decay rate. We have recently revisited the issue of the null reaction, in which a D2/4He transition leads to the production of a compact D2 state from 4He, with the conclusion that this may be important in models for excess heat production and for low-level nuclear emission. Progress on subdivision is reviewed, including connections with experiments showing low-level nuclear emission, and candidates for laboratory tests. The possibility of a new 57Co/57Fe resonant excitation transfer experiment in a near single crystal sample is presented. A numerical approach for the evaluation of the rate for excess heat production in the models under discussion is discussed.	LENR theory, Phonon-nuclear coupling, Excess heat model, Review, Excitation transfer	Hagelstein, P. L. 2022 Recent Progress on Phonon-Nuclear Theoretical Models J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Excess heat in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment presents numerous challenges for theorists, the biggest of which is to account for the absence of energetic nuclear particles in amounts commensurate with the energy produced. Our focus has been on the development of such a model, with recent progress reviewed. To account for excess heat production we contemplate a complicated model based on nuclear excitation transfer, subdivision and the down-conversion of keV nuclear quanta to a large number of phonons. The phonon-nuclear interaction that provides the foundation has been derived from a many-nucleon Dirac formalism, and we discuss recent efforts to confirm and improve upon the derivation. The quantification of the models under consideration require the evaluation of phonon-nuclear matrix elements, with recent progress discussed. The first step in the excess heat model involves the excitation transfer of a 24 MeV quantum associated with the D2/4He transition, which motivates a consideration of modeling and connections with experiments showing low-level energetic nuclear emissions. The analogous first step in the case of the 5.5 MeV quantum associated with the HD/3He transition is considered, where there is the possibility of low-level energetic nuclear emission, and where the issue of the availability of near-resonant energy levels can be studied. A nearby level in 137Cs is identified, which suggests a possible mechanism for the acceleration of the decay rate. We have recently revisited the issue of the null reaction, in which a D2/4He transition leads to the production of a compact D2 state from 4He, with the conclusion that this may be important in models for excess heat production and for low-level nuclear emission. Progress on subdivision is reviewed, including connections with experiments showing low-level nuclear emission, and candidates for laboratory tests. The possibility of a new 57Co/57Fe resonant excitation transfer experiment in a near single crystal sample is presented. A numerical approach for the evaluation of the rate for excess heat production in the models under discussion is discussed. LENR theory, Phonon-nuclear coupling, Excess heat model, Review, Excitation transfer
1,789	Huang, B-J.	Huang, B-J., Tso, M-L., Liu, Y-H., Yeh, J-F., Wu, L., Chen, I-F., Pan, Y-H., Huang, C-K., Liao, M-Y., Chen, Y-C., Wu, P-H.	2022	Excess Energy from Heat-Exchange Systems	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	At ICCF-22, we presented a vapor compression machine (VCS) which can produce excess energy. The hot refrigerant vapor from the freon compressor is used to heat the water flowing through a tiny passage of a triple-pipe heat exchanger (THX). This can cause a violent cavitation of water and two-phase flow instabilities, and produce excess energy. The VCS machine was further modified and tested for two years since then. We improved the calorimetry in measuring COP. From the energy balance of THX, we defined COP as the net heat output from water divided by the net heat input to THX, which is denoted as COPx. If the measured COPx was greater than 1, we can confirm the occurrence of excess energy generation or the low energy nuclear reaction (LENR). The test results show that the maximum COPx reaches 2.39 and COPx increases with decreasing inlet water temperature. We observed some peculiar phenomena. The output refrigerant vapor from the compressor is, instead, heated by water at some part of the heat exchanger. In addition, abnormally-high water line pressure damaged the pressure gauge, and also caused crack and leakage of the copper pipe. We also observed severe buckling and black appearance of the middle pipe. The buckling may result from a huge exerted pressure around 740 bar which is far beyond the system operating pressure. This may be caused by LENR. We also made another machine (DHX-1) using a double-pipe heat exchanger heated by a steam boiler. The maximum COPx reaches 2.55 and some peculiar phenomena similar to the VCS machine was observed. The inner copper pipe was deformed by buckling and the outer pipe wall was cracked and leaked. This may be caused by huge pressure (>225 bar) or a high temperature (>500?C) which results in buckling and rupture of the pipes. The surface of the ruptured inner pipe becomes shining black and looks like CuO nanowires produced by thermal oxidation of copper. The chemical element of the ruptured copper pipe increases by 3 to 4 folds in C, 10 folds in O, and 1.4 to 4.4 folds in Fe. Replacing the identical brand-new double-pipe heat exchanger (DHX-1B), we obtained the same results as DHX-1 with COPx > 2.0, inner pipe rupture and blackening, and chemical element change. COPx > 2.0 also occurred in a new heat exchanger (DHX-2) made from stronger copper tubes with a larger size. All of these excess-energy phenomena in VCS and DHX are probably induced by LENR. In the present study, we experimentally confirm that excess energy or LENR can be induced by a heat transfer process involving cavitation in heat-exchange systems. The excess energy process has been shown reproduceable and controllable.	Excess energy, low-energy nuclear reaction, LENR, cavitation, cavitation-induced LENR	Huang, B-J., Tso, M-L., Liu, Y-H., Yeh, J-F., Wu, L., Chen, I-F., Pan, Y-H., Huang, C-K., Liao, M-Y., Chen, Y-C., Wu, P-H. 2022 Excess Energy from Heat-Exchange Systems J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. At ICCF-22, we presented a vapor compression machine (VCS) which can produce excess energy. The hot refrigerant vapor from the freon compressor is used to heat the water flowing through a tiny passage of a triple-pipe heat exchanger (THX). This can cause a violent cavitation of water and two-phase flow instabilities, and produce excess energy. The VCS machine was further modified and tested for two years since then. We improved the calorimetry in measuring COP. From the energy balance of THX, we defined COP as the net heat output from water divided by the net heat input to THX, which is denoted as COPx. If the measured COPx was greater than 1, we can confirm the occurrence of excess energy generation or the low energy nuclear reaction (LENR). The test results show that the maximum COPx reaches 2.39 and COPx increases with decreasing inlet water temperature. We observed some peculiar phenomena. The output refrigerant vapor from the compressor is, instead, heated by water at some part of the heat exchanger. In addition, abnormally-high water line pressure damaged the pressure gauge, and also caused crack and leakage of the copper pipe. We also observed severe buckling and black appearance of the middle pipe. The buckling may result from a huge exerted pressure around 740 bar which is far beyond the system operating pressure. This may be caused by LENR. We also made another machine (DHX-1) using a double-pipe heat exchanger heated by a steam boiler. The maximum COPx reaches 2.55 and some peculiar phenomena similar to the VCS machine was observed. The inner copper pipe was deformed by buckling and the outer pipe wall was cracked and leaked. This may be caused by huge pressure (>225 bar) or a high temperature (>500?C) which results in buckling and rupture of the pipes. The surface of the ruptured inner pipe becomes shining black and looks like CuO nanowires produced by thermal oxidation of copper. The chemical element of the ruptured copper pipe increases by 3 to 4 folds in C, 10 folds in O, and 1.4 to 4.4 folds in Fe. Replacing the identical brand-new double-pipe heat exchanger (DHX-1B), we obtained the same results as DHX-1 with COPx > 2.0, inner pipe rupture and blackening, and chemical element change. COPx > 2.0 also occurred in a new heat exchanger (DHX-2) made from stronger copper tubes with a larger size. All of these excess-energy phenomena in VCS and DHX are probably induced by LENR. In the present study, we experimentally confirm that excess energy or LENR can be induced by a heat transfer process involving cavitation in heat-exchange systems. The excess energy process has been shown reproduceable and controllable. Excess energy, low-energy nuclear reaction, LENR, cavitation, cavitation-induced LENR
1,790	Huang, C-E.	Huang, C-E., Hu, R., Duan, L-N., Shi, K., Tian, Z-Q.	2022	Preface	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	36	2022-11-14	The 23rd International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF-23) was held as a virtual conference, during June 9th-11th, 2021, due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic and related travel restrictions. With the full support from the International Advisory Committee, the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) made great efforts to promote the development of the field of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS). In order to attract researchers and people who were interested in participating in the conference, the LOC did not charge registration fees. The conference was organized and technically supported by the Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), the State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), and Xiamen University of China.	preface, ICCF conference, ICCF23	Huang, C-E., Hu, R., Duan, L-N., Shi, K., Tian, Z-Q. 2022 Preface J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The 23rd International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF-23) was held as a virtual conference, during June 9th-11th, 2021, due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic and related travel restrictions. With the full support from the International Advisory Committee, the Local Organizing Committee (LOC) made great efforts to promote the development of the field of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (CMNS). In order to attract researchers and people who were interested in participating in the conference, the LOC did not charge registration fees. The conference was organized and technically supported by the Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), the State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces (PCOSS), and Xiamen University of China. preface, ICCF conference, ICCF23

ICCF-24 Proceedings in JCMNS 38

Recnum	Author	All Authors	Year Published	Title	Publisher	Volume	DateUploaded	Abstract	Keywords	SearchAll
318	Benyo, T. L.	Benyo, T. L., Forsley, L., Steinetz, B. M.	2024	The History of LENR Research at NASA Glenn Research Center	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	NASA requires novel power sources to accomplish future planetary science missions. A range of power systems will likely be required for both scientific investigations and future manned missions on the moon and Mars. NASA has successfully used radioisotope power systems for over five decades for missions throughout the solar system. For example, both the Curiosity and Perseverance, aka Percy, Mars rovers have "nuclear batteries". The two Voyager spacecraft that launched in 1977 continue to operate after 46 years, a little over half of the half-life of the heat source 238Pu?s alpha particle decay and are now in interstellar space! However, radioisotope thermoelectric generators, or RTGs, have been limited to producing less than 1 kilowatt of electrical power and usually only produce a few hundred watts. Consequently, for decades NASA has investigated fission and fusion reactors. The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has had deep space power and propulsion as part of its mission portfolio beginning with Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) in the 1960s. Later, ion propulsion, (used with deep space probes and geosynchronous satellite station keeping), radioisotope power systems (used in nearly all deep space missions) and most recently the Kilopower space/fission reactor tested in 2018 were added. For the past several years, NASA Glenn researchers have been investigating an unconventional approach to initiate nuclear reactions [1]. This work has been called by various names including Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), Chemical Assisted Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (CANR-LENR), and more recently Lattice Confinement Fusion (LCF) reactions. Using a high flux of energetic electrons in an environment containing a high atomic density of nuclear fuel, such as deuterium, researchers have seen compelling evidence of condensed matter nuclear reactions, including charged particle and neutron emissions, as well as small levels of excess heat, which cannot be explained by chemical reaction processes. This paper provides a summary of the 30+ year history of LENR research at NASA Glenn Research Center from 1989 to the present and cites several reports published during that period.	Lattice confinement fusion, LENR	Benyo, T. L., Forsley, L., Steinetz, B. M. 2024 The History of LENR Research at NASA Glenn Research Center J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. NASA requires novel power sources to accomplish future planetary science missions. A range of power systems will likely be required for both scientific investigations and future manned missions on the moon and Mars. NASA has successfully used radioisotope power systems for over five decades for missions throughout the solar system. For example, both the Curiosity and Perseverance, aka Percy, Mars rovers have "nuclear batteries". The two Voyager spacecraft that launched in 1977 continue to operate after 46 years, a little over half of the half-life of the heat source 238Pu?s alpha particle decay and are now in interstellar space! However, radioisotope thermoelectric generators, or RTGs, have been limited to producing less than 1 kilowatt of electrical power and usually only produce a few hundred watts. Consequently, for decades NASA has investigated fission and fusion reactors. The NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has had deep space power and propulsion as part of its mission portfolio beginning with Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) in the 1960s. Later, ion propulsion, (used with deep space probes and geosynchronous satellite station keeping), radioisotope power systems (used in nearly all deep space missions) and most recently the Kilopower space/fission reactor tested in 2018 were added. For the past several years, NASA Glenn researchers have been investigating an unconventional approach to initiate nuclear reactions [1]. This work has been called by various names including Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (LENR), Chemical Assisted Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (CANR-LENR), and more recently Lattice Confinement Fusion (LCF) reactions. Using a high flux of energetic electrons in an environment containing a high atomic density of nuclear fuel, such as deuterium, researchers have seen compelling evidence of condensed matter nuclear reactions, including charged particle and neutron emissions, as well as small levels of excess heat, which cannot be explained by chemical reaction processes. This paper provides a summary of the 30+ year history of LENR research at NASA Glenn Research Center from 1989 to the present and cites several reports published during that period. Lattice confinement fusion, LENR
410	Biberian, J. P.	Biberian, J. P., Michel, R., Le Roux, C., Valat, M., Bucher, S., Kodeck, A., Sjoberg, P. J. R., Ruer, J., Chaudanson, D.	2024	Excess Heat in Nanoparticles of Nickel Alloys in Hydrogen	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	We have developed new kinds of materials made of nanoparticles of nickel-based alloys that show production of anomalous heat in an atmosphere of hydrogen. These materials are produced starting from hydrotalcite acting as precursors of nickel and nickel alloys supported on an amorphous alumina phase. The experiments are performed in a custom-made heat-flow calorimeter having a precision of +=?100 mW from room temperature up to 950C. This report shows that excess heat is produced when hydrogen is introduced into the reaction cell, however more excess heat is measured when the hydrogen is pumped out.	Energy, hydrotalcite, nickel, high temperature calorimetry	Biberian, J. P., Michel, R., Le Roux, C., Valat, M., Bucher, S., Kodeck, A., Sjoberg, P. J. R., Ruer, J., Chaudanson, D. 2024 Excess Heat in Nanoparticles of Nickel Alloys in Hydrogen J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. We have developed new kinds of materials made of nanoparticles of nickel-based alloys that show production of anomalous heat in an atmosphere of hydrogen. These materials are produced starting from hydrotalcite acting as precursors of nickel and nickel alloys supported on an amorphous alumina phase. The experiments are performed in a custom-made heat-flow calorimeter having a precision of +=?100 mW from room temperature up to 950C. This report shows that excess heat is produced when hydrogen is introduced into the reaction cell, however more excess heat is measured when the hydrogen is pumped out. Energy, hydrotalcite, nickel, high temperature calorimetry
740	Celani, F.	Celani, F., Lorenzetti, C., Vassallo, G., Purchi, E, Fiorilla, S., Cupellini, S., Nakamura, M., Cerreoni, P., Burri, R., Boccanera, P., Spallone, A., Marano, E.	2024	Advancements in the Production of Anomalous Heat Effect in Constantan Wires: Developing a Robust Experimental Protocol	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	This paper presents a comprehensive summary of a presentation delivered at the 24th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF24), which took place at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, from July 25-28, 2022. Since 2011, our research team has been dedicated to discovering simple yet effective procedures for activating a specific material that we developed [1]. This material consists of surface-modified Constantan in the form of long and thin wires, utilizing Joule heating. Our main objective has been to generate measurable values of the Anomalous Heat Effect (AHE). In our most recent efforts, we have not only replicated our previous findings but also conducted new tests to explore potential isotopic effects. The results obtained have reinforced our interpretation of the AHE?s main origin, aligning with the initial discoveries made by researchers in the United States, Japan, and Italy, some as early as 1989 [2], [3]. The impetus for this work stemmed from our desire to reaffirm the procedures we extensively discussed during the ANV8 Workshop held in Assisi, Italy, in December 2021. Our presentation at the Workshop, which garnered considerable interest within the LENR-AHE community, led to numerous inquiries, particularly regarding the reproducibility of our methods starting from the wire and its treatments. . . .		Celani, F., Lorenzetti, C., Vassallo, G., Purchi, E, Fiorilla, S., Cupellini, S., Nakamura, M., Cerreoni, P., Burri, R., Boccanera, P., Spallone, A., Marano, E. 2024 Advancements in the Production of Anomalous Heat Effect in Constantan Wires: Developing a Robust Experimental Protocol J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of a presentation delivered at the 24th International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science (ICCF24), which took place at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, from July 25-28, 2022. Since 2011, our research team has been dedicated to discovering simple yet effective procedures for activating a specific material that we developed [1]. This material consists of surface-modified Constantan in the form of long and thin wires, utilizing Joule heating. Our main objective has been to generate measurable values of the Anomalous Heat Effect (AHE). In our most recent efforts, we have not only replicated our previous findings but also conducted new tests to explore potential isotopic effects. The results obtained have reinforced our interpretation of the AHE?s main origin, aligning with the initial discoveries made by researchers in the United States, Japan, and Italy, some as early as 1989 [2], [3]. The impetus for this work stemmed from our desire to reaffirm the procedures we extensively discussed during the ANV8 Workshop held in Assisi, Italy, in December 2021. Our presentation at the Workshop, which garnered considerable interest within the LENR-AHE community, led to numerous inquiries, particularly regarding the reproducibility of our methods starting from the wire and its treatments. . . .
1,091	Di Stefano, A.	Di Stefano, A.	2024	Experimental Observations on the Lattice Energy Converter	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	The Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) is a relatively simple gas-metal device that is able to directly generate an electric voltage and current by an unexplained mechanism, possibly related to LENR. Due to its simplicity and high reproducibility, the LEC is a very interesting experiment that may provide insights into LENR phenomena, as well as potentially being a practical new solid-state energy source. This paper describes a successful replication of a Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) and a number of experiments and observations made to investigate the nature of the effect and its electrical characteristics, and to exclude the presence of artefacts and conventional explanations. Compared to a control device, the active LEC was able to generate a stable voltage in excess of 300 mV and a current up to a few microamperes. These results are consistent with previous data published by the inventors and other replicators, so the good reproducibility of the device is confirmed. The primary and most interesting effect happening inside the device is the apparent ionization of the gas between the electrodes, allowing a significant current to flow through an otherwise insulating gap. The spontaneous voltage is instead a secondary effect, due to the presence of a bimetallic pair in contact with an ionized conductive medium, forming a kind of gas-phase battery.		Di Stefano, A. 2024 Experimental Observations on the Lattice Energy Converter J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) is a relatively simple gas-metal device that is able to directly generate an electric voltage and current by an unexplained mechanism, possibly related to LENR. Due to its simplicity and high reproducibility, the LEC is a very interesting experiment that may provide insights into LENR phenomena, as well as potentially being a practical new solid-state energy source. This paper describes a successful replication of a Lattice Energy Converter (LEC) and a number of experiments and observations made to investigate the nature of the effect and its electrical characteristics, and to exclude the presence of artefacts and conventional explanations. Compared to a control device, the active LEC was able to generate a stable voltage in excess of 300 mV and a current up to a few microamperes. These results are consistent with previous data published by the inventors and other replicators, so the good reproducibility of the device is confirmed. The primary and most interesting effect happening inside the device is the apparent ionization of the gas between the electrodes, allowing a significant current to flow through an otherwise insulating gap. The spontaneous voltage is instead a secondary effect, due to the presence of a bimetallic pair in contact with an ionized conductive medium, forming a kind of gas-phase battery.
1,330	Forbes, S.	Forbes, S., Hagelstein, P. L., Metzler, F.	2024	Energetic Ion Emission from TiDx in Low-Energy Ion Beam Experiments	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	Low-level energetic ion emission has been reported previously in many low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) experiments including electrolysis, gas-loading and ion beam experiments. The corresponding reports present evidence for MeV-level charged ions and neutrons associated with deuterium-deuterium fusion reactions, and also particles at higher energy that would be expected to originate from other processes. A study of low-level energetic nuclear particles has the potential to shed light on nuclear processes relevant to excess heat production and other LENR anomalies, which provides motivation to focus on such observables. In some of the referenced earlier experiments a small number of very energetic charged particle emissions near 20 MeV have been reported, which is of particular interest to us in connection with the involved mechanisms. We developed an ion beam experiment in which thick (1.59 mm) and thin (5 m) Ti foils were initially loaded with deuterium by ion beam implantation and then bombarded with argon ions at 950 eV. A small number of counts in high-energy detector channels were recorded in eight different experiments, corresponding to particle energies estimated to be between 32-40 MeV, based on a calibration at lower energies with an 241Am calibration source. Experiments with the 5 m Ti foil also resulted in dozens of counts below about 11 MeV.		Forbes, S., Hagelstein, P. L., Metzler, F. 2024 Energetic Ion Emission from TiDx in Low-Energy Ion Beam Experiments J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Low-level energetic ion emission has been reported previously in many low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) experiments including electrolysis, gas-loading and ion beam experiments. The corresponding reports present evidence for MeV-level charged ions and neutrons associated with deuterium-deuterium fusion reactions, and also particles at higher energy that would be expected to originate from other processes. A study of low-level energetic nuclear particles has the potential to shed light on nuclear processes relevant to excess heat production and other LENR anomalies, which provides motivation to focus on such observables. In some of the referenced earlier experiments a small number of very energetic charged particle emissions near 20 MeV have been reported, which is of particular interest to us in connection with the involved mechanisms. We developed an ion beam experiment in which thick (1.59 mm) and thin (5 m) Ti foils were initially loaded with deuterium by ion beam implantation and then bombarded with argon ions at 950 eV. A small number of counts in high-energy detector channels were recorded in eight different experiments, corresponding to particle energies estimated to be between 32-40 MeV, based on a calibration at lower energies with an 241Am calibration source. Experiments with the 5 m Ti foil also resulted in dozens of counts below about 11 MeV.
1,493	Gordon, F.	Gordon, F., Whitehouse, H. J.	2024	Scaling up the Lattice Energy Converter	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	Multiple Lattice Energy Conversion (LEC) devices and configurations have experimentally demonstrated the ability to selfinitiate and self-sustain the production of a voltage and current through an external load impedance without the use of naturally radioactive materials. These results have been reported by the authors [1], [2], [3], [4] and replicated by independent researchers [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. A video, [10] shows that a voltmeter and a resistance substitution box are all that is required to observe and measure LEC output which for this test produced several hundred nanowatts of power per square centimeter of working electrode surface area. Given the extraordinary nature of the LEC results, the importance of independent replications by multiple credible and respected scientists cannot be overstated. While the ability to self-initiate and self-sustain the production of a voltage and current through a load is a significant innovation, present experimental power densities are typically in the range of a few microwatts per square centimeter, output must be scaled up by 6 orders of magnitude to produce a few watts, and by 9 orders of magnitude to produce a few kilowatts. Based on a review of the literature and an analysis of experimental results, five focus areas have been identified to scale up the LEC. This paper examines each focus area and identifies possible actions to increase LEC power output.	Direct energy conversion, contact potential difference	Gordon, F., Whitehouse, H. J. 2024 Scaling up the Lattice Energy Converter J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Multiple Lattice Energy Conversion (LEC) devices and configurations have experimentally demonstrated the ability to selfinitiate and self-sustain the production of a voltage and current through an external load impedance without the use of naturally radioactive materials. These results have been reported by the authors [1], [2], [3], [4] and replicated by independent researchers [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. A video, [10] shows that a voltmeter and a resistance substitution box are all that is required to observe and measure LEC output which for this test produced several hundred nanowatts of power per square centimeter of working electrode surface area. Given the extraordinary nature of the LEC results, the importance of independent replications by multiple credible and respected scientists cannot be overstated. While the ability to self-initiate and self-sustain the production of a voltage and current through a load is a significant innovation, present experimental power densities are typically in the range of a few microwatts per square centimeter, output must be scaled up by 6 orders of magnitude to produce a few watts, and by 9 orders of magnitude to produce a few kilowatts. Based on a review of the literature and an analysis of experimental results, five focus areas have been identified to scale up the LEC. This paper examines each focus area and identifies possible actions to increase LEC power output. Direct energy conversion, contact potential difference
1,562	Grimshaw, T.	Grimshaw, T.	2024	LENR Research Documentation Initiative: What Have We Learned So Far?	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	Humankind desperately needs new sources of energy. Global climate change and the environmental damage caused by fossil fuels threaten the very habitability of the earth. Cold fusion (LENR) has the potential to address these issues and improve the prospects of humanity. The potential energy benefits of LENR were well understood when it was announced in 1989. Although the field was rejected by mainstream science, many capable researchers worldwide continue to pursue it to realize its potential benefits. Because many of them are now retired or dead, the LENR Research Documentation Initiative (LRDI) is underway to preserve their records while they are still available. LENR researchers and collaborators are participating in the LRDI. A site visit is usually made to survey and document records and to conduct interviews. When possible, a timeline of research activity is developed. A report is prepared, and arrangements are made for preserving and archiving records. Much has been learned in several categories in the four years since the initiative was started: 1) the participants and their LRDI projects; 2) the nature and content of the LENR records; 3) interviews and transcriptions; 4) the reports prepared for each project; and 5) the arrangements for preserving and archiving the records. The effects of continued LENR rejection have also been documented in the LRDI projects. The LRDI has many opportunities for future progress, such as expansion with new projects, extension of the findings of previous projects, and LENR advocacy through demonstration of the high quality and very large amount of research. The LRDI?s ultimate objective is to advance the cause of LENR to realize its energy potential for the benefit of humankind.	LENR Research, Research Documentation, Cold Fusion Records, LENR Energy Benefits	Grimshaw, T. 2024 LENR Research Documentation Initiative: What Have We Learned So Far? J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Humankind desperately needs new sources of energy. Global climate change and the environmental damage caused by fossil fuels threaten the very habitability of the earth. Cold fusion (LENR) has the potential to address these issues and improve the prospects of humanity. The potential energy benefits of LENR were well understood when it was announced in 1989. Although the field was rejected by mainstream science, many capable researchers worldwide continue to pursue it to realize its potential benefits. Because many of them are now retired or dead, the LENR Research Documentation Initiative (LRDI) is underway to preserve their records while they are still available. LENR researchers and collaborators are participating in the LRDI. A site visit is usually made to survey and document records and to conduct interviews. When possible, a timeline of research activity is developed. A report is prepared, and arrangements are made for preserving and archiving records. Much has been learned in several categories in the four years since the initiative was started: 1) the participants and their LRDI projects; 2) the nature and content of the LENR records; 3) interviews and transcriptions; 4) the reports prepared for each project; and 5) the arrangements for preserving and archiving the records. The effects of continued LENR rejection have also been documented in the LRDI projects. The LRDI has many opportunities for future progress, such as expansion with new projects, extension of the findings of previous projects, and LENR advocacy through demonstration of the high quality and very large amount of research. The LRDI?s ultimate objective is to advance the cause of LENR to realize its energy potential for the benefit of humankind. LENR Research, Research Documentation, Cold Fusion Records, LENR Energy Benefits
1,673	Hagelstein, P. L.	Hagelstein, P. L.	2024	Thoughts on a Model of Vysotskii and Vysotskyy	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	Motivated by the recent proposal of Vysotstkii and Vysotskyy of the possibility of correlated coherent state evolution of an ion wave function in a low density magnetized plasma leading to low energy nuclear reactions, we have considered the construction of a dynamical squeezed state wave packet solution for a particle with a dynamic charge in a constant magnetic field. For a z-directed magnetic field, the dynamics simplify if the wave packet is constructed to have the same dynamics in x and y. From the solution developed, evolution equations are obtained for the first and second moments. In the case of the first moments, the dynamics that result are Newton?s laws for a particle in a magnetic field. The second moments evolve according to what would be expected for a squeezed state solution, except that the breathing frequency is reduced by a factor of two. The uncertainty product for the squeezed state is a Schrodinger-Robertson relation. The amount of squeezing required for the fluctuation energy to be sufficient to result in nuclear reactions is extremely large, and such a wave packet would be quite fragile in the sense that collisions with other particles would prevent organized "breathing" mode evolution except at very low plasma density. Following the proposal of Vysotskii and Vysotskyy, we constructed generalization of the squeezed state wave packet in which an excited state SHO eigenfunction is squeezed, and find that the evolution of the squeezing parameters is similar as for a squeezed state solution. The uncertainty principle is of the form of the Schrodinger-Robertson relation, but with a prefactor that substantially increases the uncertainty. An issue that was identified in the proposed scheme is localization associated with electron ionization and recombination that has the potential to spoil the delocalization and phase of the wave packet. It is noted that in a minor modification of the scheme non-classical energy exchange may be possible for charged particles traveling through a dynamic and spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field, as long as the changes in the field as seen by the particle are non-adiabatic relative to the squeezing dynamics.	Squeezed states, correlated coherent states, non-classical heating, low-density magnetized plasma	Hagelstein, P. L. 2024 Thoughts on a Model of Vysotskii and Vysotskyy J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Motivated by the recent proposal of Vysotstkii and Vysotskyy of the possibility of correlated coherent state evolution of an ion wave function in a low density magnetized plasma leading to low energy nuclear reactions, we have considered the construction of a dynamical squeezed state wave packet solution for a particle with a dynamic charge in a constant magnetic field. For a z-directed magnetic field, the dynamics simplify if the wave packet is constructed to have the same dynamics in x and y. From the solution developed, evolution equations are obtained for the first and second moments. In the case of the first moments, the dynamics that result are Newton?s laws for a particle in a magnetic field. The second moments evolve according to what would be expected for a squeezed state solution, except that the breathing frequency is reduced by a factor of two. The uncertainty product for the squeezed state is a Schrodinger-Robertson relation. The amount of squeezing required for the fluctuation energy to be sufficient to result in nuclear reactions is extremely large, and such a wave packet would be quite fragile in the sense that collisions with other particles would prevent organized "breathing" mode evolution except at very low plasma density. Following the proposal of Vysotskii and Vysotskyy, we constructed generalization of the squeezed state wave packet in which an excited state SHO eigenfunction is squeezed, and find that the evolution of the squeezing parameters is similar as for a squeezed state solution. The uncertainty principle is of the form of the Schrodinger-Robertson relation, but with a prefactor that substantially increases the uncertainty. An issue that was identified in the proposed scheme is localization associated with electron ionization and recombination that has the potential to spoil the delocalization and phase of the wave packet. It is noted that in a minor modification of the scheme non-classical energy exchange may be possible for charged particles traveling through a dynamic and spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field, as long as the changes in the field as seen by the particle are non-adiabatic relative to the squeezing dynamics. Squeezed states, correlated coherent states, non-classical heating, low-density magnetized plasma
1,674	Hagelstein, P. L.	Hagelstein, P. L.	2024	Possibility of Coherent LENR Dynamics with Nuclear Molecules	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	Excess heat in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment is generated without commensurate energetic nuclear particle emission, which has often been used to argue that the effect is not nuclear. Instead, we have argued that a better interpretation is that excess heat is not a result of quantum mechanically incoherent processes. For many years we have pursued quantum mechanically coherent models in which excess heat production is a byproduct of an underlying coherent nuclear process, of which fusion is a part of. A major difficulty with this approach has always been an inability to identify reasonably stable excited nuclear states that might support the required coherent nuclear dynamics, since only a modest number of metastable nuclei are known among all the stable isotopes. Here is proposed that nuclear molecules may provide a set of reasonably stable nuclear excited states. We use a simple cluster model based on the finite range liquid drop model to estimate excited state energies for nuclear molecules from the stable Pd isotopes. The highest density of states occurs near 50 MeV. A model is proposed in which generalized excitation transfer moves population to the high density of state region where efficient energy exchange with the lattice can occur. Excess heat is proposed to occur through a cycle in which excitation is promoted, where energy exchange occurs, followed by a multi-step return to the ground state. If this process is frustrated, then tunneling decay of highly-excited nuclear molecules results in transmutation.	Fleischmann-Pons excess heat, coherent nuclear dynamics, theory, nuclear molecules, evolution equations	Hagelstein, P. L. 2024 Possibility of Coherent LENR Dynamics with Nuclear Molecules J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. Excess heat in the Fleischmann-Pons experiment is generated without commensurate energetic nuclear particle emission, which has often been used to argue that the effect is not nuclear. Instead, we have argued that a better interpretation is that excess heat is not a result of quantum mechanically incoherent processes. For many years we have pursued quantum mechanically coherent models in which excess heat production is a byproduct of an underlying coherent nuclear process, of which fusion is a part of. A major difficulty with this approach has always been an inability to identify reasonably stable excited nuclear states that might support the required coherent nuclear dynamics, since only a modest number of metastable nuclei are known among all the stable isotopes. Here is proposed that nuclear molecules may provide a set of reasonably stable nuclear excited states. We use a simple cluster model based on the finite range liquid drop model to estimate excited state energies for nuclear molecules from the stable Pd isotopes. The highest density of states occurs near 50 MeV. A model is proposed in which generalized excitation transfer moves population to the high density of state region where efficient energy exchange with the lattice can occur. Excess heat is proposed to occur through a cycle in which excitation is promoted, where energy exchange occurs, followed by a multi-step return to the ground state. If this process is frustrated, then tunneling decay of highly-excited nuclear molecules results in transmutation. Fleischmann-Pons excess heat, coherent nuclear dynamics, theory, nuclear molecules, evolution equations
1,797	Hubler, G. K.	Hubler, G. K.	2024	Microscopic Insights into the Anomalous Heat Effect that Unify Disparate Experimental Results	J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci.	38	2024-05-05	The anomalous heat effect (AHE) has many embodiments including hydrogen loading by electrolysis, high and low hydrogen pressure over elevated temperature nanostructures, ultrasound, and glow discharge loading. The AHE was triggered by variable charging current, temperature fluctuations, high voltage pulses, laser pulses, ultrasound, and electrolysis time. Pd materials for which the AHE has been reported include wires, cylinders, foils, and nanoparticles. Ni materials for which the AHE has been reported include constantan wires, Ni in zeolites, and Ni nanostructures. It is highly likely that the same AHE mechanism underlies all these embodiments despite their seemingly wide differences. Many investigators involved in research on the anomalous heat effect (AHE), including this author, are of the opinion that phonons in Pd and Ni play a role in generating and sustaining the AHE. Here it is hypothesized that the AHE requires a specific frequency optical phonon resonance that couples to electromagnetic radiation of the same frequency. If it can be arranged to sustain this specific, resonance, then the AHE is produced. It is demonstrated how this one assumption, coupled to several recent experimental results, can lead to useful microscopic insights that unify disparate experimental results under one umbrella and that may also be useful to guide further experiments.	Anomalous heat, Phonons, Pd deuteride, Ni hydride	Hubler, G. K. 2024 Microscopic Insights into the Anomalous Heat Effect that Unify Disparate Experimental Results J. Condensed Matter Nucl. Sci. The anomalous heat effect (AHE) has many embodiments including hydrogen loading by electrolysis, high and low hydrogen pressure over elevated temperature nanostructures, ultrasound, and glow discharge loading. The AHE was triggered by variable charging current, temperature fluctuations, high voltage pulses, laser pulses, ultrasound, and electrolysis time. Pd materials for which the AHE has been reported include wires, cylinders, foils, and nanoparticles. Ni materials for which the AHE has been reported include constantan wires, Ni in zeolites, and Ni nanostructures. It is highly likely that the same AHE mechanism underlies all these embodiments despite their seemingly wide differences. Many investigators involved in research on the anomalous heat effect (AHE), including this author, are of the opinion that phonons in Pd and Ni play a role in generating and sustaining the AHE. Here it is hypothesized that the AHE requires a specific frequency optical phonon resonance that couples to electromagnetic radiation of the same frequency. If it can be arranged to sustain this specific, resonance, then the AHE is produced. It is demonstrated how this one assumption, coupled to several recent experimental results, can lead to useful microscopic insights that unify disparate experimental results under one umbrella and that may also be useful to guide further experiments. Anomalous heat, Phonons, Pd deuteride, Ni hydride